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Fig. 9. Other trace fossils from Nefiach, Pliocene. A in Bioerosion in shell beds from the Pliocene Roussillon Basin, France: Implications for the (macro)bioerosion ichnofacies model
Fig. 9. Other trace fossils from Nefiach, Pliocene. A. Centrichnus cf. eccentricus beside an specimen of the foraminiferan tracemaker, Dyocibicides biserialis, still attached, JMC−UB/I−0103. B. Another specimen of C. cf. eccentricus, JMC−UB/I−0103. C. Pinaceocladichnus, a bryozoan boring, in a pectinid valve, JMC−UB/I−0107. D. Oichnus simplex on an oyster shell, JMC−UB/I−0108. E. Repaired scars produced by durophagous attacks in a pectivid valve, JMC−UB/I−0102.
Fig. 6 in Palaeobiological and palaeonvironmental significance of the Pliocene trace fossil Dactyloidites peniculus
Fig. 6. Morphological details of Dactyloidites peniculus. A. Specimen INGUJ 200P2, vertical cross section of the radial structure showing light pelletal masses, tubes and dark sandy sediment; distinct coatings containing the pellets (c) are seen around some tubes. Some tubes display a meniscate fill structure (m). B. Specimen INGUJ 200P1, a clump of pellets on the surface of the radiating structure. C. Specimen INGUJ 200P3, compressed pellets in a tube showing angular contacts.
Fig. 3 in Palaeobiological and palaeonvironmental significance of the Pliocene trace fossil Dactyloidites peniculus
Fig. 3. Discontinuity surface. Dactyloidites peniculus (D) connected to the sequence boundary by steep shafts. Ophiomorpha (Oph) and Dactyloidites mutually cross−cut each other, whereas Thalassinoides (Thalassinoides boxwork) cross−cuts Dactyloidites. Field photograph (A) and its interpretation (B).
Fig. 2 in Palaeobiological and palaeonvironmental significance of the Pliocene trace fossil Dactyloidites peniculus
Fig. 2. Schematic section showing the distribution of sediments types, body and trace fossils. Dactyloidites peniculus occurs close below the sequence boundary from 48.8 to 51.0 m. Grain size: Si, silt; Fs, fine sand; Cs, coarse sand.
Fig. 1 in Palaeobiological and palaeonvironmental significance of the Pliocene trace fossil Dactyloidites peniculus
Fig. 1. Location of the study area in the Stirone river valley close to San Nicomede (Province of Parma, Italy). Arrows "Section Stirone 0 m" and "Section Stirone 75 m" point to the base and the top of the section shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 in Palaeobiological and palaeonvironmental significance of the Pliocene trace fossil Dactyloidites peniculus
Fig. 5. The radial part of Dactyloidites peniculus after preparation. A. Specimen INGUJ 200P1 after sand jet preparation, in top (A1) and bottom (A2) views. B. Specimen INGUJ 200P4, extra large vertical thin section.
Text-fig. 5. Remains of the jaw apparatus of ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a: Part of the upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 5). b: Part of the jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 5). c: Upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4). d: Part of the upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4). e: Lower (?) jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4); the arrow indicates the trace fossil. f: Part of the lower jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 8). Scale bars 2 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 5. Remains of the jaw apparatus of ammonoids from the Mospyne Formation. a: Part of the upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 5). b: Part of the jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 5). c: Upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4). d: Part of the upper jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4). e: Lower (?) jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 4); the arrow indicates the trace fossil. f: Part of the lower jaw of an unknown ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 8). Scale bars 2 mm.
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic features of the studied localities of ammonoids. a: Sandstone slab with fragmentary remains of productid and spiriferid brachiopods, orthocerids, coiled nautiloids and ammonoids (stratigraphic level No. 3). b: Shell debris cluster and fragment of crushed ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 1). c: Epibionts on the surface of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). d: Cluster of bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods remains in a siderite nodule (stratigraphic level No. 5). e: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 3). f: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (?) with terminal aperture and brachiopod valve (stratigraphic level No. 3). g: Specimen of?Anthracoceratites sp. with conch injuries (shown by arrows) (stratigraphic level No. 8). h, i: Bioerosion trace fossils Cyclopuncta girtyi ELIAS, 1958 on the fragments of cephalopod conchs (stratigraphic level No. 5). j: Limonitized conchs of the ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 7). k: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). Scale bars 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic features of the studied localities of ammonoids. a: Sandstone slab with fragmentary remains of productid and spiriferid brachiopods, orthocerids, coiled nautiloids and ammonoids (stratigraphic level No. 3). b: Shell debris cluster and fragment of crushed ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 1). c: Epibionts on the surface of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). d: Cluster of bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods remains in a siderite nodule (stratigraphic level No. 5). e: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 3). f: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (?) with terminal aperture and brachiopod valve (stratigraphic level No. 3). g: Specimen of?Anthracoceratites sp. with conch injuries (shown by arrows) (stratigraphic level No. 8). h, i: Bioerosion trace fossils Cyclopuncta girtyi ELIAS, 1958 on the fragments of cephalopod conchs (stratigraphic level No. 5). j: Limonitized conchs of the ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 7). k: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). Scale bars 10 mm.
Data from: A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossils Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the description of new ichnotaxa
<p><span>Trace fossils are important records of the presence and behaviour of animals in the past, especially in deposits where few body fossils are preserved. They tend to provide the main palaeobiological </span>record for past glacial environments and are thus very important for understanding the ecology of these palaeoenvironments. Two ichnogenera are common from past glacial environments: <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em>. Both <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em> are attributed to arthropods, and the former occurs across the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (LPIA) and the latter occurs during both the LPIA and the Quaternary glacial event. Here, we review the stratigraphic record, ichnotaxonomy, palaeoecology, palaeoenvironments, and likely tracemakers of these two ichnogenera. In addition to assessing morphological ichnotaxobases, we use multivariate morphometric analysis and inferential statistical tests to support our ichnotaxonomic revisions. The diagnosis of <em>Umfolozia</em> is revised, with the description of a new ichnospecies, <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>terere</em> isp. nov., and the emendation of the previously named <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>riojana</em> (formerly <em>Umfolozia</em> <em>longula</em>) nom. rev. emend. We revised Warvichnium, maintaining the original <em>Warvichnium</em> <em>ulbrichi</em>, and allocating two morphologies to the ichnogenus <em>Irichnus</em>: <em>Irichnus</em> <em>saltatorius</em> and <em>I. paripinnatus</em> isp. nov. These trace fossils record several behaviours, and have implications for palaeoenvironmental interpretations and the evolution of invertebrate ecosystems. Using <em>Umfolozia</em> and <em>Warvichnium</em> as case studies, we demonstrate the application of morphometric analysis in ichnotaxonomy and highlight this as a tool that may be applied to other trace-fossil groups.</p>
Fig. 1 in Acanthodian fish trace fossils from the Early Devonian of Spitsbergen
Fig. 1. The structural setting of the Devonian fault graben in NW Svalbard, the distribution of the main Devonian lithostratigraphic units, and the type locality of Undichna septemsulcata isp. nov. (modified after Piepjohn and Thiedig 1997 and Harland et al. 1997).
Fig. 3 in Acanthodian fish trace fossils from the Early Devonian of Spitsbergen
Fig. 3. Idealised trackway of Undichna septemsulcata isp. nov. with the geometric properties (A1, A2, A3 = amplitudes of groove waves; w2 = width of paired grooves; w2', w3a', w3b' = apparent width of paired grooves; λ = wavelength) and the proposed trace maker: an acanthodian with bifurcated and spined pectoral fins, spined pelvic fins and a spined caudal or anal fin.
Data from: A review of the glacial environment arthropod trace fossils Umfolozia and Warvichnium with the description of new ichnotaxa
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Codes for identification of the earliest terrestrial trace fossils
<p>This repository contains the CFDEM (<a href="http://www.cfdem.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.cfdem.com<span>(opens in new window)</span></a>) and Matlab codes with our own developments to reproduce trace fossils in different environments (three zip files) and deduce putative trace-makers (CurveGithub.m). You can also get access to a free software for trace-maker identification through <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/10259553" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10259553<span>(opens in new window)</span></a>.</p> <p>Codes.zip contains the CFDEM solvers to reproduce translational and rotational motion of the trace-makers/appendages (cfdemSolverPisoSTL0, cfdemSolverPisoSTL), along with the necessary semi-resolved force models (gradPForce, viscForce, GidaspowDragsemi). Steps to compile these codes are written in Readme within the compressed file. If you want to use relatively coarse mesh (mesh size at least three times larger than sediment diameter) to accelerate simulations, please use the default unresolved forces models. In that case, only the provided solvers needs to be compiled. But the force model lists in case/CFD/constant/couplingProperies needs to be adjusted. Please refer to the benchmark cases in <a href="http://www.cfdem.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.cfdem.com<span>(opens in new window)</span></a> to learn to use CFDEM.</p> <p>Benchmark_case.zip contains a benchmark validation of the moving cube on submerged sands. Appendage.zip contains a moving appendage on subaerial wet sands. The details about how to run the cases are written in the Readme file in each compressed file.</p>
Supplemental dataset 1 for: Ediacaran palaeobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi gen. et sp. nov.
<p class="MsoNormal">Ediacaran fossils, obtained in stratigraphic context in 1993, 1995 and 1996, with the assistance of A. Seilacher, IGCP project 320 scientists and the Geological Survey of Namibia, are described for the first time. Most are from the Kliphoek and Buchholzbrunn members of the Dabis Formation and the Huns and Spitskop members of the Urusis Formation, Witputs subbasin, but a significant number, including <em>Pteridinium</em>, are from the Kliphoek Member, Zaris Formation and the Neiderhagen Member, Nudaus Formation north of the Osis arch, which separates the two subbasins. We extend the stratigraphic ranges and geographic distributions of several important taxa, including <em>Archaeichnium</em>, <em>Ernietta</em>, <em>Pteridinium</em> and <em>Swartpuntia</em>, provide reassessments of the paleobiology of these and other organisms, and describe a new sponge—possibly an unmineralized archaeocyath—<em>Arimasia germsi</em> gen. et sp. nov. We also describe and illustrate various ichnofossils, including the oldest known traces from the Nama Group, narrow down the first appearance of <em>Treptichnus</em> in the Nama succession, and reinforce the idea that there was a prolific infauna of micrometazoans during the latest Ediacaran by naming and describing previously reported microburrows found on the surfaces of gutter casts as <em>Ariichnus vagus</em> igen. et isp. nov.</p>
Supplemental dataset 1 for: Ediacaran palaeobiology and biostratigraphy of the Nama Group, Namibia, with emphasis on the erniettomorphs, tubular and trace fossils, and a new sponge, Arimasia germsi gen. et sp. nov.
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FIGURES 6–9. Sugophytichnida pertusura Enushchenko and A in Revision of existing classification of fossil insect feeding traces and description of new ichnotaxa from Middle Jurassic sediments of Eastern Siberia (Russia)
FIGURES 6–9. Sugophytichnida pertusura Enushchenko and A. Frolov, ichnogen., ichnospec. nov. (specimen No Iya -2011- 14/17-2, Holotype): 6, 7—common view of S. pertusura, 8—S. pertusura, confied to the vein of Ginkgo tapkensis, 9—S. pertusura far from the vein of G. tapkensis.
Data from: Trace fossils of possible parasites inside the gut contents of a hadrosaurid dinosaur, Upper Cretaceous Judith River Formation, Montana
Tiny sinuous trace fossils have been found within probable gut contents of an exceptionally preserved specimen of a hadrosaurid dinosaur, Brachylophosaurus canadensis, from the Judith River Formation of Montana. Approximately 280 examples of the trace fossils were observed in 19 samples of gut region material. The tubular structures typically are about 0.3 mm across. Many have thin calcareous linings or layers, and some exhibit fine surficial striae. At least two dozen of these trace fossils share walls with adjacent tubular traces, and this association can extend for several millimeters. While the trace fossils share some characteristics with fine rhizoliths, these features are most consistent with tiny burrows, or possibly body impressions, of worms (vermiform organisms) of uncertain biologic affinity. Such trace fossils have not been reported previously, and herein described as Parvitubulites striatus n. gen. n. sp. Either autochthonous (parasites) or allochthonous (scavengers) worms may have created the trace fossils, but taphonomic factors suggest that autochthonous burrowers are more likely. Several lines of evidence, such as constant diameters and matching directional changes, suggest that the paired trace fossils were made by two individuals moving at the same time, which implies sustained intraspecific contact. Parvitubulites striatus provides a rare record of interactions between terrestrial, meiofaunal-sized, soft-bodied invertebrates and a dinosaur carcass. The evidence that the worms may have parasitized a living hadrosaur and subsequently left traces of intraspecific behavior between individual worms adds unique information to our understanding of Mesozoic trophic interactions.
Data from: Three-dimensional morphological analysis of a Parahaentzschelinia-like trace fossil
Serial grinding and three-dimensional reconstruction of aff. Parahaentzschelinia trace fossils from the Ordovician Winterhouse Formation reveals complex tiered network systems associated with more typical Parahaentzschelinia-like conical bundles of sub-vertical tubes. The morphological complexity of the burrow system is interpreted as an indication of the diverse behaviour of the trace-making organism. This organism is inferred to have exploited organic matter within the sand-rich event beds as well as in muddier beds above and below the sandstone beds using a variety of behaviours. Potential burrow irrigation and microbial cultivation associated with gardening behaviour is also inferred. The trace-making organism is unknown, but comparisons are drawn between the structures observed herein and those produced by both modern polychaetes and bivalves.
The code and software to identify putative trace makers of horizontal trace fossils: Palaeontology
<p>These are the code ("CurveGithub.m") and the free software ("Curvesoftware.exe") that help you identify putative trace makers of horizontal trace fossils with frequency spectrum and autocorrelation function. You can also use it to study the frequency and size of self-repeating patterns in a horizontal trace. You can use the metrics to quantify ichnotaxonomy as well. An example of the coordinates of a horizontal trace is "A curve-Github.txt", which is output from Getdata Graph Digitizer, with the first describing sentence in the output file removed, leaving cooridnates only. Zero-value is not allowed in the coordinates. The paper is published in Palaeontology, with doi: 10.1111/pala.12686, <a title="Quantitative Ichnology" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12686">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12686</a> </p> <p>IMPORTANT NOTICE !!!!!</p> <p>MATLAB code Line 41:</p> <p>"plot(ss,YY(M:M+99)/max(YY(M:M+99)),'r-'); " means plotting the autocorrelation over sampling steps;</p> <p>If you would like to plot the autocorrelation over normalized length (as in both the manuscript and the free software), it should be</p> <p>"plot(ss/Fs,YY(M:M+99)/max(YY(M:M+99)),'r-'); "</p>
Dataset and codes: Abundance of trace fossil Phycosiphon incertum in core sections measured using a convolutional neural network
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