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244 results for “trait diversity”
Genome Database: Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers
<p>This repository contains the dataset used in the publication "Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers," which is currently under revision. A pre-print can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.29.522137">here</a>. The database is based on previously published work to create a genomic database of honeybee gut microbes by Kirsten Ellegaard (2021), found <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/4661061">here.</a></p><p>The zipped folder deposited here after unzipping, should contain the following files and directories:</p><ul><li>honeybee_genome.fasta : fasta file containing the host (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) genome sequence</li><li>beebiome_db : fasta file of 198 concatenated genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier</li><li>beebiome_red_db : fasta file of 39 species representative genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier to be used for the analysis of intra-specific variation</li><li>fna_files : directory containing genome sequence files and concatenated files where the concatenated files contain one fasta entry renamed to the genome identifier and all contigs concatenated into one entry</li><li>ffn_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the nucleotide sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>faa_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the amino acid sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>bed_files : directory containing bed files where the location of each of the predicted genes are indicated based on their position in the concatenated genome file</li><li>single_ortho : directory containing one file per phylotype listing all the single-copy orthogroups (OGs) identified by orthofinder where each line represents an OG id followed by a list of genes from each of the genomes of that phylotype that belong to that OG and the corresponding sequences of these genes can be found in the ffn file belonging to the respective genome</li><li>red_bed_files : directory containing bed files for species representative genomes that only list the positions genes that belong to the core orthogroups of their phylotype</li></ul><p>Further information about how this genome database was used to analyze strain-level diversity can be found in the publication and accompanying code repository.</p>
High sexual display trait diversity without measured genetic divergence in a montane hybrid zone involving young species (Habronattus americanus subgroup, Araneae, Salticidae)
<p>Genetic introgression, allele exchange across species boundaries, is a commonly recognized feature of animal evolution. Under such a paradigm contemporary contact zones provide first-hand and complementary insight into the geographic, phenotypic, and genetic details of introgression. Also, when mate choice phenotypes are conspicuous and variable in hybrids, contact zones provide potential insight into how sexual selection interacts with species boundary maintenance, particularly when postzygotic reproductive isolation is weak. The <em>Habronattus</em> <em>americanus</em> subgroup includes several recently evolved jumping spider species, with an estimated age of about 200,000 years, and substantial evidence for hybridization and introgression. We explored a contact zone involving <em>H. americanus</em> (Keyserling, 1885) and <em>H. kubai</em> (Griswold, 1979) on Mount Shasta, California, in alpine habitats that would have been unavailable (under ice) at the Last Glacial Maximum. We characterized morphological diversity within the contact zone, including the fine-scale geographic distribution of hybrid and parental individuals, and assessed genetic variation using ddRADseq data. Combined results indicate a lack of measured genomic differentiation between specimens with distinct morphologies, including individuals with phenotypes of the parental species. We identified a diverse array of hybrid morphologies, with phenotypic evidence for backcrossing, essentially forming a phenotypic bridge between parental taxa. The study area is characterized by more hybrid than parental individuals, with a significantly larger number of red-palped morphologies than white and/or yellow-palped morphologies; the novel, white-palped phenotype is perhaps transgressive. Overall, these results contribute to a better understanding of the expected ebb and flow of lineage interactions during the early stages of speciation.</p>
Micro- and macroclimate interactively shape diversity, niches, and traits of Orthoptera communities along elevational gradients
<p>Temperature is one of the main drivers shaping species diversity and assembly processes. Yet, site-specific effects of the local microclimate on species and trait compositions of insect communities have rarely been assessed along macroclimatic temperature clines. Bavarian Alps, Germany Bayesian joint species distribution models were applied to investigate how ecological and morphological traits drive variation in the climatic niches of 32 Orthoptera species on 93 grassland sites with contrasting microclimatic conditions along a steep elevational macroclimatic gradient in an Alpine region in Central Europe. Species richness and abundance decreased along the elevational macroclimatic gradient, and both benefitted from warm microclimate. Interactive effects of elevation and microclimate on the abundance were, however, species-specific, and partly mediated by traits: Warm microclimatic conditions facilitated the occurrence of demanding xerophilic and late-hatching species, resulting in marked community dissimilarities at mid-elevations where colder sites harboured only a subset of the species. The latter mainly occurred at low elevations together with long-winged species. Abundance peaks of non-xerophilic species were further upslope when microclimate was warm. Intraspecifically, the body sizes and wing lengths of the larger females, but not the males, decreased with elevation akin the community mean, and brown colour morphs were more frequent at sites with warm microclimate. Our nuanced results reveal that trait-dependent responses of species to microclimate play a key role in the assembly and structuring of insect communities along macroclimatic gradients. Since microclimate preferences changed with elevation, we conclude that species temperature niches are narrower than the elevational range suggests and both macro- and microclimatic conditions must be considered when predicting species responses to climate change. Microclimatic contrasts among sites at similar elevations enhanced species turnover mediated by moisture preferences and phenology, highlighting the importance of mountains for conservation as climatic refugia where species with diverging niches can persist in proximity.</p>
Trait-based mechanistic approach highlights global patterns and losses of herbivore biomass functional diversity
<ol> <li>Mammalian herbivores play a pivotal role in Earth System processes by affecting biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning, potentially leading to significant repercussions on atmosphere-biosphere feedbacks. Global dynamic models of mammalian populations can improve our understanding of their ecological role at large scales and the consequences of their extinctions. However, such models are still lacking and mammals are poorly integrated in Earth System science.</li> <li>We developed a mechanistic global model of terrestrial herbivore populations simulated with 37 functional groups defined through the analysis of eco-physiological traits across all extant herbivores (2599 species). We coupled this model with a global vegetation model to predict herbivores' maximum potential biomass in pre-industrial and at present-day and to study the environmental drivers explaining the distribution of herbivore biomass. Present-day biomass was estimated by accounting for anthropogenic activity causing habitat and range losses.</li> <li>We show that natural ecosystems could have sustained a potential wild herbivore wet biomass of 330 Mt [95% CI 245–417], comprised of 193 Mt [95% CI 177–208] by large species (body mass > 1–10 kg, depending on functional group) and 138 Mt [95% CI 68-209] by small species. We estimate that the remaining present-day large herbivores biomass is 82 Mt [95% CI 32–133], reduced by 57% due to anthropogenic activity; consequently, small herbivores currently dominate global herbivore biomass with 98 Mt (95% CI 91–106, -29%). Losses vary greatly across climatic zones and functional groups, suggesting that size is not the only discriminant feature of biomass decline.</li> <li>Actual evapotranspiration is the most important driver of total, large, and small herbivore biomass and explains 64%, 59%, and 49% of its variation, respectively. Distribution of modeled and observed large herbivores' biomass suggested a high dependency on energy and water with more biomass in hot and wet areas. These results challenge the notion that large herbivore biomass peaks primarily in ecosystems with intermediate precipitation levels such as savannas.</li> <li>Outside Africa and the Tropics, pre-industrial biomass hotspots occur in areas today dominated by humans; this could undermine the recovery of larger species biomass in certain areas. These herbivore biomass estimates provide a quantitative benchmark for setting conservation and rewilding goals at large spatial scales. The herbivore model and functional classification create new opportunities to integrate mammals into Earth System science and models.</li> </ol>
Data on Trait diversity and spider community composition are associated with lower herbivory in young forest plantations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Functional identity regulates aboveground biomass better than trait diversity along abiotic conditions in global forest metacommunities
<p>Although several studies have identified the effects of functional trait diversity (FTD) and/ or identity, i.e., the community-weighted mean (CWM) of a trait, on aboveground biomass (AGB) along abiotic conditions, these effects on AGB in global forest metacommunities are still largely unexplored. Here, we modelled the effects of abiotic (i.e., climate, soil and plot physical conditions) and biotic [i.e., FTD, CWM of conservative traits (CWMCT), CWM of acquisitive traits (CWMAT), and functional dominance (FunDom; based on CWM of plant maximum height or diameter)] factors on AGB in 76 forest metacommunities (from 24 studies). Using multiple linear regression models and piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM), we tested the hypothesis that both abiotic and biotic factors regulate AGB, but that the mass ratio mechanism underpins AGB of metacommunities in global forests better than the niche complementarity mechanism. We found that abiotic and biotic factors contributed 45.39% and 54.07%, respectively, to the explained variance in AGB (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.59), and as such, abiotic factors shaped FTD (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.42 to 0.48), CWMCT (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.33 to 0.36), CWMAT (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.27 to 0.33), and FunDom (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.59 to 0.61) through divergent effect sizes and directions. The final best-fitted pSEM showed that FunDom increased (<i>β</i> = 0.49) but CWMCT (<i>β</i> = -0.35) and CWMAT (<i>β</i> = -0.11) decreased AGB (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.52) as compared to the negligible effect of FTD (<i>β</i> = 0.04). This study supports the mass ratio effect, specifically the overruling role of tall-stature or dominant trees on AGB, at a macroecological scale, and hence, suggests that a suitable species' functional strategy is important to promote carbon sequestration in forest metacommunities that underpins human well-being. We expect that our study will advance the field of biodiversity – ecosystem functioning at a macroecological scale by using the metacommunity concept and approach.</p>
Specimens from Brand et al. 2021, "Large-scale phylogenomics of the genus Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes) reveals cryptic diversity and novel sexual traits"
<p>The deposited folders contain image and video material of free-living flatworm specimens that were documented in vivo. These data support the following publication:</p> <p>Jeremias N. Brand, Gudrun Viktorin, R. Axel W. Wiberg, Christian Beisel, Lukas Schärer.<br> Large-scale phylogenomics of the genus<em> Macrostomum</em> (Platyhelminthes) reveals cryptic diversity and novel sexual traits.<br> Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 166. 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107296">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107296</a></p> <p>For more information about these specimens see also http://macrostomorpha.info.</p>
Termite trait data from: Continental-scale shifts in termite diversity and nesting and feeding strategies
<p>Typically, termites are treated as a single guild, which ignores important internal diversity, including diverse feeding and nesting traits. These termite traits are crucial for both ecosystem-level fluxes and trophic webs, with implications for vertebrate species. Despite their ecological importance, the large-scale distribution of termite feeding and nesting traits and the relationship with termite diversity is largely unknown. We investigated whether functional diversity, species richness, and feeding (wood, litter, grass, dung) and nesting trait (aboveground mound, belowground nest, inside tree or outside tree nest) distributions of termites were climatically control. To address this gap, we assembled a continental-scale database of termite traits and occurrence in Australia and modelled termite nesting and feeding traits in response to macroclimate. Functional richness and evenness increased primarily with temperature. Australia showed multiple hotspots of termite diversity with each hotspot showing a distinct guild composition. The large-scale distribution of nesting traits showed that aboveground nesting species were the most common nesting guild in the dry and wet tropics while belowground nesting dominated in seasonally cold arid environments, demonstrating a strong climatic control on nesting strategy. Given their large biomass and many interactions with other species, the macro-ecology of termite traits may be especially important in predicting shifts in other species' distributions at continental and global scales.</p>
Changes in community-weighted trait mean, functional diversity, soil chemical properties and temperature along an elevational gradient in Tenerife, Canary Islands
<p>This dataset comprises community-weighted trait means and functional diversity of leaf traits, chemical soil properties and temperature recorded in roadside (disturbed) and interior (less disturbed) plots, along an elevational gradient of 2,300 m in Tenerife, Canary Islands. The leaf traits measured were specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and carbon to phosphorus ratio. The soil chemical properties measured were pH, nitrogen, nitrogen to phosphorus ratio, carbon to phosphorus ratio, calcium, potassium, magnesium and cation exchange capacity. Also the scores of the three first axes derived from a PCA analysis including the soil chemical properties are included. The temperature variables consist of bioclimatic variables Bio10 (mean temperature of the warmest quarter) and Bio11 (mean temperature of the coldest quarter). This dataset has been used for the analysis presented in Ratier Backes et al. (2021).</p>
Variable relationships between trait diversity and avian ecological functions in agroecosystems
<p>1) The diversity of traits within animal assemblages has been shown to affect the magnitude of animal-provided ecological functions. However, little is known about how consistent trait diversity effects are across ecological functions and ecosystems. More importantly, the importance of trait diversity in driving ecosystem functioning, relative to other components of biodiversity, has rarely been assessed. It also remains unclear how environmental gradients filter trait diversity and, ultimately, modulate ecological functions. </p> <p>2) Here we test how different biodiversity components (i.e., trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity and abundance) affect the magnitude of avian seed dispersal and insect predation along large environmental gradients. We sampled frugivorous and insectivorous birds and their ecological functions across gradients of forest cover and fruit and insect abundances in woodland pastures and apple orchards in Northern Spain. We measured 6 morphological traits and compiled phylogenetic information on 43 bird species. We used Structural Equation Models to disentangle the effects of environmental gradients and biodiversity components on ecological functions.</p> <p>3) We found that different avian functions in the same agroecosystem were controlled by different biodiversity components. While seed dispersal was positively driven by bird abundance in woodland pastures, insect predation responded positively to trait and phylogenetic diversity. The positive effects of trait diversity on insect predation were, on the other hand, consistent across woodland pastures and apple orchards.</p> <p>4) Our results also pinpointed forest cover and resource availability as filters of the different components of avian diversity, suggesting that environmental gradients condition the effects of biodiversity on avian ecological functions.</p> <p>5) Our findings reveal variable effects of trait diversity on two different avian ecological functions, but consistent effects on the same function across agroecosystems. Consolidating the generalities of trait diversity effects will require further multi-function studies, as well as a unifying framework for animal-driven functions that integrates the causal links between environmental gradients, the different biodiversity components, and ecological functions.</p> <p> </p>
Organisation of gene programs revealed by unsupervised analysis of diverse gene-trait associations
<p>Data used for manuscript 'Organisation of gene programs revealed by unsupervised analysis of diverse gene-trait associations'.<br> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Trait-mediated competition drives an ant invasion and alters functional diversity
The assumption that differences in species' traits reflect their different niches has long influenced how ecologists infer processes from assemblage patterns. For instance, many assess the importance of environmental filtering versus classical limiting-similarity competition in driving biological invasions by examining whether invaders' traits are similar or dissimilar to those of residents, respectively. However, mounting evidence suggests that hierarchical differences between species' trait values can distinguish their competitive abilities (e.g., for the same resource) instead of their niches. Whether such trait-mediated hierarchical competition explains invasions and structures assemblages is less explored. We integrate morphological, dietary, physiological and behavioural trait analyses to test whether environmental filtering, limiting-similarity competition, or hierarchical competition explain invasions by fire ants on ant assemblages. We detect both competition mechanisms; invasion success is not only explained by limiting similarity in body size and thermal tolerance (presumably allowing the invader to exploit different niches from residents), but also by the invader's superior position in trait hierarchies reflecting competition for common trophic resources. We find that the two mechanisms generate complex assemblage-level functional diversity patterns (overdispersion in some traits, clustering in others) suggesting their effects are likely missed by analyses restricted to a few traits and composite trait diversity measures.
Functional diversity and trait filtering of insectivorous bats on forest islands created by an Amazonian mega dam
<p>1. Mega dams in lowland tropical forests often create large archipelagos, leading to biodiversity decay and disruption of ecosystem functioning in remnant habitat islands.</p> <p>2. We investigated the functional diversity and functional trait filtering of aerial insectivorous bats in both insular forest patches created by a vast ~30-yr-old hydropower reservoir and the adjacent mainland continuous forest in Central Amazonia.</p> <p>3. Bats were surveyed using passive bat recorders across 34 forest sites. Based on a set of morphological traits derived for each species recorded, we estimated both the bat functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion at each surveyed site. We further assessed the effects of local vegetation, patch and landscape features on patterns of functional diversity. The interaction between functional traits, environmental characteristics, and species distribution was investigated using a combination of RLQ and fourth-corner analyses.</p> <p>4. We found that mainland sites retained higher functional richness and lower functional evenness compared to forest islands, indicating a more complete functional assemblage in the mainland. Additionally, species composition was affected by local vegetation structure and forest area, with small isolated islands exhibiting pervasive loss of functional traits. RLQ and fourth-corner analyses showed that larger understorey foraging species with greater dispersal capacity, constant frequency-frequency modulated calls, and higher frequency of maximum energy were associated with more isolated small islands. Conversely, forest subcanopy species, exhibiting quasi-constant frequency calls and presenting low dispersal capacity were associated with continuous forests and islands with greater forest area, and were therefore more sensitive to habitat insularization.</p> <p>5. Our study calls attention to the pervasive impacts induced by large dams on the functional diversity of tropical insectivorous bats. We recommend that future assessments of the effects of habitat fragmentation on mammals should include traits linked to ecosystem services. In designing and licensing new dams, we suggest the creation of extensive protected areas surrounding mainland forests to minimize the detrimental impacts of small isolated islands and safeguard the full complement of key ecological functions provided by insectivorous bats.</p>
Data_Changes in Tree Diversity, Structure and Functional Trait Identity Drive Biomass Increase along Elevational Gradients in Subtropical Forests of Southern China
<p>In this article "Changes in Tree Diversity, Structure and Functional Trait Identity Drive Biomass Increase along Elevational Gradients in Subtropical Forests of Southern China", these files contain community inventory data collected at our three study sites.</p>
Reciprocal bark exchange helps to disentangle tree species dependent bark and wood trait effects on invertebrate diversity
<p>1. Previous studies showed that bark cover at early-decay stage had profound control on the invertebrate assemblages of bark and wood, with possible consequence for the decomposition process. However, previous experimental designs could not disentangle how bark versus wood traits affect the invertebrate assemblage process in bark and/or wood separately because wood traits of different tree species may vary independently from bark traits. Furthermore, we do not know whether such tree species specific bark trait effects are still influential at mid-decay stage.</p> <p>2. To unravel whether and how bark and wood traits influence invertebrate communities in tree logs at mid-decay stage, we introduce reciprocal bark transplantation within pairs of different tree species as a new method. We applied this method to two pairs of phylogenetically contrasting species of gymnosperms (pair I: Araucaria araucana and Cryptomeria japonica, pair II: Picea abies and Thuja plicata) and another gymnosperm (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) set as disturbance control to test for potential bark manipulation artefacts on invertebrate community composition.</p> <p>3. Our bark exchange experiment revealed that both bark and wood host abundant and divergent subsets of invertebrates on mid-decay logs of different tree species. We further documented that the invertebrate community composition was predominantly shaped by the traits of host tissue per se, while also being significantly but less strongly affected by the traits of the other tissue, i.e. the adjacent bark or wood. Our results indicated that bark trait effects faded with time and how long bark trait effects persist greatly depends on bark thickness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study suggests that maintaining deadwood heterogeneity related to variation between tree species, and to bark versus wood, is important for nursing a large biodiversity of invertebrates. Combined with bark removal methodology, our bark exchange method can be further extended to more decay stages and more forest biomes to track bark trait effects and bark induced priority effects on deadwood decomposition, and its associated invertebrate and microbial communities.</p>
Individual-level trait diversity predicts phytoplankton community properties better than species richness or evenness
<p>This archive includes the final summary tables used for the analyses.</p>
Variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations are not related to their genotypic and ecological diversity
<p>Despite its implications for population dynamics and evolution, the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation in wild populations remains unclear. Here, we estimated variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of the annual plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> in two common garden experiments that differed in environmental conditions. We used up to 306 maternal inbred lines from six Iberian populations characterized by low and high genotypic (based on whole-genome sequences) and ecological (vegetation type) diversity. Low and high genotypic and ecological diversity was found in edge and core Iberian environments, respectively. Given that selection is expected to be stronger in edge environments and that ecological diversity may enhance both phenotypic variation and plasticity, we expected genotypic diversity to be positively associated with phenotypic variation and plasticity. However, maternal lines, irrespective of the genotypic and ecological diversity of their population of origin, exhibited a substantial amount of phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits. Furthermore, all populations harbored maternal lines with canalization (robustness) or sensitivity in response to harsher environmental conditions in one of the two experiments. Overall, we conclude that the environmental attributes of each population probably determine their genotypic diversity, but all populations maintain substantial phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits, which represents an asset to endure in changing environments.</p>
Fish functional diversity traits
<b>Description: </b><p>Traits matrix for all fish species caught at SAFE and Danum during electrofishing only</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/57"><b>Composition and abundance of tropical freshwater vertebrate communities across a land use gradient</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=84">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Fish functional diversity traits </b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 44 rows by 11 columns</p><p>Description: Traits matrix for all fish species caught at SAFE and Danum during electrofishing only</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>taxon_name</b>: Identity of the species (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Body_size</b>: Mean body length of each species (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>body_shape</b>: Body shape of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>trophic_position</b>: Dominant trophic position of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>mouth_position</b>: Mouth position of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>presence_teeth</b>: Presence of absence of jaw teeth (no = absent, yes=presence) (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>gregariousness</b>: Gregariousness of each species - do they school or not (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>presence_barbels</b>: Presence or absence of barbels on each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>vertical_position_water</b>: Vertical postion in the water column of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>air-breathing_capability</b>: Presence or absence of air breathing capability of each species (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2013-04-12 to 2018-01-01</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.5000 to 5.0700</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.7500 to 117.8200</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Chordata<br> -  - Actinopterygii<br> -  -  - Anguilliformes<br> -  -  -  - Anguillidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anguilla marmorata</i><br> -  -  - Cypriniformes<br> -  -  -  - Balitoridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon ingeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gastromyzon lepidogaster</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalopteroides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Homalopteroides stephensoni</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Protomyzon griswoldi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Protomyzon microstoma</i>]<br> -  -  -  - Cyprinidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Anematichthys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anematichthys repasson</i> (as <i>Cyclocheilichthys repasson</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbonymus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbonymus balleroides</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Crossocheilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Crossocheilus elegans</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Garra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Garra borneensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hampala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hampala sabana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobarbus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptobarbus melanotaenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobocheilos</i> (as <i>Lobocheilus</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Lobocheilus erinaceus</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Lobocheilus unicornis</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Luciosoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Luciosoma pelligrini</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Nematobramis everetti</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus chini</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Osteochilus ingeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Puntius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Puntius sealei</i> (as <i>Barbodes sealei</i>)<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - [<i>Rasbora cf. sumatrana</i>]<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora elegans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rasbora hubbsi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Tor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tor tambra</i><br> -  -  -  - Nemacheilidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemacheilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemacheilus olivaceus</i><br> -  -  - Perciformes<br> -  -  -  - Channidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Channa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Channa striata</i><br> -  -  -  - Cichlidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Oreochromis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oreochromis mossambicus</i><br> -  -  -  - Osphronemidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Betta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Betta unimaculata</i><br> -  -  - Siluriformes<br> -  -  -  - Bagridae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus baramensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemibagrus fortis</i><br> -  -  -  - Clariidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Clarias</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clarias anfractus</i><br> -  -  - Synbranchiformes<br> -  -  -  - Mastacembelidae<br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrognathus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrognathus keithi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastacembelus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mastacembelus unicolor</i><br></div><p></p>
Figure 1 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 1. Summary of essential steps of the earthworm sampling protocol.
Animal Diversity Web: Birds Animal Diversity Web Trait Data (707) DwCA
This morphometry and life history dataset for size characteristics of birds is from undergraduate students who contributed to the Animal Diversity Web. Traits and images are harvested using ADW__s Quaardvark data download tool.<p></p>This morphometry and life history dataset for size characteristics of birds is from undergraduate students who contributed to the Animal Diversity Web. Cyndy Parr used ADW__s Quaardvark data download tool to generate it on 24 January 2014.
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