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303 results for “warming effects”
Low oxygen levels can help to prevent the detrimental effect of acute warming on mitochondrial efficiency in fish
<p>Aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms is highly sensitive to fluctuating climates. Many mitochondrial traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to acute variations in temperature and oxygen availability. These responses are critical for understanding the effects of environmental variations on aquatic ectotherms performance. Using the European seabass, <i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, we determined the effects of acute warming and deoxygenation <i>in vitro </i>on mitochondrial respiratory capacities and mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio). We show that acute warming reduced ATP/O ratio but deoxygenation marginally raised ATP/O ratio, leading to compensatory effect of low oxygen availability on mitochondrial ATP/O ratio at high temperature. The acute effect of warming and deoxygenation on mitochondrial efficiency might be related to the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, as the mitochondrial respiration required to counteract the proton leak increased with warming and decreased with deoxygenation. Our study underlines the importance of integrating the combined effects of temperature and oxygen availability on mitochondrial metabolism. Predictions on decline in performance of aquatic ectotherms due to climate change may not be accurate, since these predictions typically look at respiratory capacity and ignore efficiency of ATP production.</p>
Forest reorganisation effects on fuel moisture content can exceed changes due to climate warming in wet temperate forests
<p>48-year modelled dataset of below canopy fuel moisture content (FMC) for field sites established in wet temperate eucalypt forests in south-eastern Australia (allsites.csv). Raw hourly data for input to the model (hrlyallsitesgit.csv). </p>
Data from: Warming had contrasting effects on the importance of facilitative interactions with a cushion nurse species on native and non-native species in the high-Andes of central Chile
<p>Alpine habitats are regarded as particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. On one hand, global warming is supposed to contributes to alpine environments becoming less stressful. On the other hand, altered snowpack due to warmer temperatures can intensify the stress in these habitats. The presence of non-native plants on some of these habitats is due to the facilitative effects exerted by native nurse plants, becoming an additional threat. According to the stress gradient hypothesis the importance of facilitative interactions with nurse species is expected to diminish as environmental harshness decreases due to climate change, yet remains important if climate change heightens the stress in alpine habitats. However, the responses also depend on climate change's impact on the nurse species. We conducted an experimental warming experiment in the Andes of the central Chile to assess the effects of warmer temperatures on the growth, reproduction and photochemical efficiency of the cushion nurse plant Azorella madreporica. Further we performed a cushion removal experiment involving three native species (Gamocarpha ventosa, Nocaccea magellanica and Rytidosperma pictum) and two non-native species (Cerastium arvense and Taraxacum officinale) to assess whether facilitative interactions changed with warming. We expected that under warmer conditions facilitation continued be important for the native species but decreased for the non-natives as the latter are abundant at warmer low elevations. We found that warmer conditions increased the photochemical efficiency and growth of the nurse cushions. Removal of cushions resulted in high mortality rates for all species. However, under warmer conditions, native species exhibited lower survival rates, whereas non-natives showed no significant changes compared to control groups. In summary, warmer temperatures were beneficial for the nurses maintaining the importance of facilitative interactions for native species, but not for the non-natives.</p>
tRIBS Model Scenarios: Forest Treatment Effects on Watershed Responses under Warming in the Beaver Creek (2003-2018)
<p>This dataset contains the model simulation setup and scenario results of the individual and combined effects of forest thinning and warming on the forest hydrologic response in the Beaver Creek watershed of central Arizona. The simulations were conducted with the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)-based Real-time Integrated Basin Simulator (tRIBS) model at a variable resolution of about 120 m, hourly resolution from 2003-2018 and aggregated daily values in this dataset. Raw model outputs at hourly resolution are available upon request from the authors, but not included here due to their excessive size. </p> <p>The model setup files are organized into the tar gzipped file: <strong>BCmodel.tar.gz</strong>. This contains the following files: (1) a series of input files (*.in) used for the model simulations, and (2) the ancillary data sets required for model execution (terrain model, soil map, land cover map, initialization file, data descriptor tables). </p> <p>The model rainfall forcing files are organized into the tar gzipped file: <strong>BCrain.tar.gz</strong>. This contains the following directories: (1) rainfall data from the bias-corrected NEXRAD product, and (2) rainfall data from the NLDAS-2 product.</p> <p>The model meteorological forcing files are organized into the tar gzipped file: <strong>BCweather.tar.gz</strong>. This contains the following data from bias-corrected, adjusted NLDAS-2: (1) atmospheric pressure, (2) wind speed, (3) air temperature, (4) incoming solar radiation, and (5) relative humidity. </p> <p>The daily values of the model outputs are stored in the file <strong>tRIBSModelScenarios_DailyOutputs.xlsx</strong>. This includes the scenarios (BC0, BC1, BC2, BC4, BC6, PT0, PT1, PT2, PT4, PT6) and the variables streamflow (Q), total evapotranspiration (ET), snowmelt (M), ground sublimation (Subg), and canopy sublimation (Subc). All values in mm/day over the period 10/01/2002 to 09/30/2018 (16 water years). A readme file is provided. </p> <p>More details can be found in the associated paper (this record will be updated when the paper is published):</p> <p>Cederstrom, C., Vivoni, E.R., Mascaro, G., and Svoma, B. 2024. Forest Treatment Effects on Watershed Responses under Warming.<em> Water Resources Research. (in revision)</em>.</p>
Data from: Sea-surface temperature pattern effects have slowed global warming and biased warming-based constraints on climate sensitivity
<p>The observed rate of global warming since the 1970s has been proposed as a strong constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) – key metrics of the global climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing. Using CMIP5/6 models, we show that the inter-model relationship between warming and these climate sensitivity metrics (the basis for the constraint) arises from a similarity in transient and equilibrium warming patterns within the models, producing an effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) governing recent warming that is comparable to the value of ECS governing long-term warming under CO<sub>2</sub> forcing. However, CMIP5/6 historical simulations do not reproduce observed warming patterns. When driven by observed patterns, even high ECS models produce low EffCS values consistent with the observed global warming rate. The inability of CMIP5/6 models to reproduce observed warming patterns thus results in a bias in the modeled relationship between recent global warming and climate sensitivity. Correcting for this bias means that observed warming is consistent with wide ranges of ECS and TCR extending to higher values than previously recognized. These findings are corroborated by energy balance model simulations and coupled model (CESM1-CAM5) simulations that better replicate observed patterns via tropospheric wind nudging or Antarctic meltwater fluxes. Because CMIP5/6 models fail to simulate observed warming patterns, proposed warming-based constraints on ECS, TCR, and projected global warming are biased low. The results reinforce recent findings that the unique pattern of observed warming has slowed global-mean warming over recent decades, and that how the pattern will evolve in the future represents a major source of uncertainty in climate projections.</p>
Data from: Combining mesocosms with models to unravel the effects of global warming and ocean acidification on a temperate marine ecosystem
<p><span>Ocean warming and species exploitation have already caused large-scale reorganization of biological communities across the world. Accurate projections of future biodiversity change require a comprehensive understanding of how entire communities respond to global change. We combined a time-dynamic integrated food web modelling approach (Ecosim) with previous data from community-level mesocosm experiments to determine the independent and combined effects of ocean warming and acidification, and fisheries exploitation, on a well-managed temperate coastal ecosystem. The mesocosm parameters enabled important physiological and behavioural responses to climate stressors to be projected for trophic levels ranging from primary producers to top predators, including sharks. Through model simulations, we show that under sustainable rates of exploitation, near-future warming or ocean acidification in isolation could benefit species biomass at higher trophic levels (e.g., mammals, birds, and demersal finfish) in their current climate ranges, with the exception of small pelagic fish. However, under warming and acidification combined biomass-increases at higher trophic levels will be lower or absent, whilst in the longer term reduced productivity of prey species is unlikely to support the increased biomass at the top of the food web. We also show that increases in exploitation will suppress any positive effects of human-driven climate change, causing individual species biomass to decrease at higher trophic levels. Nevertheless, total future potential biomass of some fisheries species in temperate areas might remain high, particularly under acidification, because unharvested opportunistic species will likely benefit from decreased competition and show an increase in biomass. Ecological indicators of species composition such as the Shannon diversity index declined under all climate change scenarios, suggesting a trade-off between biomass gain and functional diversity. By coupling parameters from multi-level mesocosm food web experiments with dynamic food web models, we were able to simulate the generative mechanisms that drive complex responses of temperate marine ecosystems to global change. This approach, which blends theory with experimental data, provides new prospects for forecasting climate-driven biodiversity change and its effects on ecosystem processes.</span></p>
Data and codes for manuscript "A study on radiative efficiencies and warming effects of halocarbons"
<p>Data and codes for “A study on radiative efficiencies and warming effects of halocarbons”, including the 998-band radiative transfer model for calculating the radiative efficiency, scripts for plotting and corresponding data.</p>
Data from the journal article "Individual versus combined effects of warming, elevated CO2 and drought on grassland water uptake and fine root traits"
<p>This data file contains all data used in the aforementioned article (DOI: 10.1111/pce.15274). The data was obtained in a long-term multifactor global-change experiment (‘ClimGrass’) in a managed (three cuts, fertilized) C3 grassland near the central European Alps in Styria, Austria (47°29′44.6″N, 14°5′54.6″E). Grassland plots were exposed to six treatments: (i) ambient conditions (control; n = 8); (ii) drought (n = 4); (iii) warming (n = 3); (iv) elevated CO2 (n = 3), (v) future conditions (warming and elevated CO2; n = 3); and (vi) drought in future conditions (warming, elevated CO2 and drought; n = 4). The experiment was conducted during the growing seasons of 2017, 2019, and 2020. The aim was to determine how warming, elevated CO2 and drought individually and interactively affected root water uptake (RWU, calculated from soil water dynamics) as well as the corresponding mass and key traits (specific root length (SRL); specific root area (SRA); mean diameter) of newly produced fine roots (extracted using ingrowth cores) and biomass allocation (fine-root-to-shoot production ratios; R/S ratios). Treatment effects on RWU were studied across varying conditions of soil water content (SWC) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD), referred to as dryness conditions. Fine root characteristics were compared to the maximum hourly in-situ RWU observed. </p> <p>The following data is contained in this file (processed as described in the journal article and, importantly, in the supplementary information):<br>- data_SWC: SWC and precipitation, used to calculate RWU (resolution: hourly; figures: 1)<br>- data_RWU_daily: RWU for the main rooting horizon, fractions of total RWU across depth (resolution: daily; figures: 1, 2, 3)<br>- data_RWU_hourly: RWU for the main rooting horizon, SWC, VPD (resolution: hourly; figures: 1, 4, 5)<br>- data_FineRoots: Mass, traits (SRL, SRA, diameter) and maximum hourly RWU of newly produced fine roots across depth, R/S ratios (resolution: three samplings per growing season; figures: 6, 7)</p> <p>The metadata.xlsx file summarizes the contents of these datasets, including units and descriptions of the variables.</p> <p>Note below: the name of the project funded by the Austrian Academy of Sciences is ClimGrassHydro.</p>
Maternal effects of climate warming and nitrogen deposition vary with home and introduced ranges
<p>Maternal effects allow offspring to cope with changing environments. While the immediate effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition are well documented, their maternal effects have been little studied. We conducted a 6-year maternal experiment with <i>Solidago canadensis</i>, native to North America and invasive in China, and two offspring experiments to address how maternal warming, maternal N-addition and population source interacted to influence offspring performance. Maternal effects of warming and N-addition on seed traits, leaf dry matter content, and whole-plant biomass were stronger in <i>S. canadensis</i> offspring from China than in offspring from North America. Matched maternal-offspring environments allowed offspring to perform better compared to mismatched environments; offspring grown under warming flowered and produced seeds within a growing season only when their maternal plants were previously exposed to warming. Offspring environments influenced its performance and also modulated maternal effects. We suggest that the maternal effects of simulated climate warming and N deposition could vary ranges, and our findings imply that maternal warming could advance the reproductive phenology of offspring.</p>
Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains
<p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong>from the connected paper [Haider, S., Palm, S., Bruelheide, H., de Villemereuil, Menzel, A. & Lachmuth, S. (2022): Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains. Oikos, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08783]:</p> <p>Climate warming and increased disturbance (resulting from intensified land use) are expected to enhance the invasibility of plant communities and the performance of exotic species also at high elevations, and thus pose additional threats to mountain ecosystems. The invasion success of introduced genotypes will also depend on their degree of pre-adaption to high elevation climatic conditions, which may vary intra-specifically across source populations. For populations currently spreading in the lowlands, climate warming might reduce the climatic distance to high-elevation sites and thus remove a barrier to upwards spread.</p> <p>Here, we investigated the various facets of mountain invasions in a single, integrative experimental study. We applied a community transplant approach between high- and low-elevation sites in the European Alps to address effects of climate warming and disturbance through land use on community invasibility and the performance of the exotic species <em>Senecio inaequidens</em>, a potential future plant invader in the Alps. Additionally, the transplant sites served as common gardens to test the influence of climatic pre-adaptation to current (high site) and future (low site) climatic conditions on the performance of <em>S. inaequidens</em> in the transplanted communities. The 16 invasive Central and Western European <em>S. inaequidens</em> source population locations covered a wide geographic range, and thus a wide amplitude of climatic distances and presumed pre-adaptation to our gardens.</p> <p>Our results attest to a strong effect of disturbance, which increased community invasibility, and promoted the performance of the exotic species. Contrary to our expectation, experimentally induced climate warming did not increase community invasibility. However, the performance of the <em>S. inaequidens</em> populations was positively related to their pre-adaptation to the climatic conditions of our common gardens. Climate warming might thus promote the invasion of exotic species by reducing the climatic distance between mountain ranges and locations of potential source populations.</p> <p><strong>DESCRIPTION </strong>of the data can be found in the Material and methods section of the paper, and in the meta-data sheet included in each data file.</p>
Effects of phenological mismatch under warming are modified by community context
<p>Climate change is altering the relative timing of species interactions by shifting when species first appear in communities and modifying the duration organisms spend in each developmental stage. However, community contexts, such as intraspecific competition and alternative resource species, can prolong shortened windows of availability and may mitigate the effects of phenological shifts on species interactions. Using a combination of laboratory experiments and dynamic simulations, we quantified how the effects of phenological shifts in Drosophila-parasitoid interactions differed with concurrent changes in temperature, intraspecific competition, and the presence of alternative host species. Our study confirmed that warming shortens the window of host susceptibility. However, the presence of alternative host species sustained interaction persistence across a broader range of phenological shifts than pairwise interactions by increasing the degree of temporal overlap with suitable development stages between hosts and parasitoids. Irrespective of phenological shifts, parasitism rates declined under warming due to reduced parasitoid performance, which limited the ability of community context to manage temporally mismatched interactions. These results demonstrate that the ongoing decline in insect diversity may exacerbate the effects of phenological shifts in ecological communities under future global warming temperatures.</p>
The effects of a half century of warming and fire exclusion on montane forests of the Klamath Mountains, California, USA
<p>These files are the raw data used in the manuscript "Effects of a half century of warming and fire exclusion on montane forests of the Klamath Mountains, California, USA"</p> <p>Manuscript authors: Erik S. Jules, Melissa H. DeSiervo, Matthew J. Reilly, Drew S. Bost, and Ramona J. Butz</p> <p>Climate warming and altered disturbance regimes are changing forest composition and structure worldwide. Given that species often exhibit individualistic responses to change, making predictions about the cumulative effects of multiple stressors across environmental gradients is challenging, especially in diverse communities. For example, warming temperatures are predicted to drive species upslope, while fire exclusion promotes expansion of species at lower elevations where fire was historically frequent.</p> <p>We resampled 148 vegetation plots to assess 46-years (1969 to 2015) of species and community-level response to warming and fire exclusion in a topographically complex landscape in the Klamath Mountains, California (USA), a diverse region that served as a climate refugia throughout the Holocene. We compared cover and assessed change in the elevational distributions of 12 conifer species at different life stages (i.e., seedlings, saplings, canopy).</p> <p>We observed consistent but non-significant shifts upward in elevation for eight species, and a significant shift upward for one species, all of which were far less than expectations based on recent warming. Six species declined in total cover and another five declined in at least one life stage, while the drought- and fire-intolerant <em>Abies concolor</em> increased by 30.7%. The largest declines were at lower elevations in drought-tolerant, early seral species (<em>Pinus lambertiana</em> and <em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) and at higher elevations for the shade-tolerant <em>Abies magnifica</em> var. <em>shastensis</em> and the regionally rare <em>Abies lasiocarpa</em>. Regionally rare (<em>Picea engelmannii</em>) and endemic (<em>Picea breweriana</em>) species had reductions in early life stages, portending future declines. Multivariate analyses revealed a high degree of inertia with a minor but significant shift in composition and a slight decrease in species turnover along the elevation gradient driven by expansion of <em>A. concolor</em>. Our results indicate that most species are declining, especially at lower- and mid-elevations where fire exclusion increased cover of shade-tolerant species and reduced recruitment for fire-adapted species. Collectively, declines in most species, insufficient upward movement to track warming, reductions in drought- and fire-tolerant early seral species, and an increase in a single, shade-tolerant species will leave these communities maladapted to projected climate scenarios and questions the potential for future climate refugia in this region.</p>
Data from: Trading water for carbon in the future: effects of elevated CO2 and warming on leaf hydraulic traits in a semiarid grassland
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk96844723"></a><span>The effects of climate change on plants and ecosystems are mediated by plant hydraulic traits, including interspecific and intraspecific variability of trait phenotypes. Yet, integrative and realistic studies of hydraulic traits and climate change are rare. In a semiarid grassland, we assessed the response of several plant hydraulic traits to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> (+200 ppm) and warming (+1.5</span><span><span> to </span></span><span><span>3</span></span><span><span>℃;</span></span><span><span> day to night). For leaves of five dominant species (three graminoids, two forbs), and in replicated plots exposed to seven years of elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, warming, or ambient climate, we measured: stomatal density and size, xylem vessel size, turgor loss point, and water potential (pre-dawn). Interspecific differences in hydraulic traits were larger than intraspecific shifts induced by elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and/or warming. Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> were greater than effects of warming, and interactions between treatments were weak or not detected. The forbs showed little phenotypic plasticity. The graminoids had leaf water potentials and turgor loss points that were 10 to 50% less negative under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>; thus, climate change might cause these species to adjust their drought resistance strategy away from tolerance and toward avoidance. The C4 grass also reduced allocation of leaf area to stomata under elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, which helps explain observations of higher soil moisture. The shifts in hydraulic traits under elevated CO<sub>2</sub> were not, however, simply due to higher soil moisture. Integration of our results with others' indicates that common species in this grassland are more likely to adjust stomatal aperture in response to near-term climate change, rather than anatomical traits; this contrasts with apparent effects of changing CO<sub>2</sub> on plant anatomy over evolutionary time. Future studies should assess how plant responses to drought may be constrained by the apparent shift from tolerance (via low turgor loss point) to avoidance (via stomatal regulation and/or access to deeper soil moisture).</span></span></p>
Data for 'Warming and predation risk only weakly shape size-mediated priority effects in a cannibalistic damselfly'
<p>In a laboratory experiment, we studied effects of warming (low and high temperature) and predation risk (presence and absence of predator cues of perch) on SMPE in life history and physiological traits in the cannibalistic damselfly <em>Ischnura elegans</em>. We induced SMPE by manipulating hatching dates, thereby creating four groups: non-mixed phenology early (E) and late (L) hatchlings, and mixed phenology early (E+L) and late (L+E) hatchlings.</p> <p>This data set includes:</p> <ul> <li>hatch date</li> <li>emergence date</li> <li>survival until emergence and emergence success data</li> <li>mass of adult insects</li> <li>development time (from hatching to emergence, in days)</li> <li>growth rate (mass of adult insect/development time in days)</li> <li>protein content (μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>fat content (μg of fat/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> <li>phenoloxidase activity (PO, value of activity curve slope)</li> <li>PO activity/protein (value of activity curve slope/(μg of protein/μl of prepared homogenate)</li> </ul>
Cryptogam plant community stability: warming weakens influences of species richness but enhances effects of evenness
<p>Community stability is a fundamental factor sustaining ecosystem functioning and is affected by species richness and species evenness. The Arctic is warming more rapidly than other biomes, and cryptogam plant species (specifically lichens and bryophytes in this study) are major contributors to tundra biodiversity and productivity. However, to our knowledge, the impacts of warming on cryptogam community stability and the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. We conducted a 13-year summer warming experiment in mesic birch hummock tundra vegetation near Daring Lake in the continental interior of low Arctic Canada, and recorded patterns of cryptogam species abundance in several different growing seasons. Warming decreased the stability of total community abundance, had no effects on species richness, but increased species evenness and species synchrony. Structural equation model analyses indicated that higher species richness was the principal factor associated with the stronger community abundance stability in the control plots, and that this effect was driven primarily by a negative correlation with species synchrony. By contrast, higher species evenness was the principal factor associated with the weakened community abundance stability in the warming plots, and this effect was driven primarily by a positive correlation with species synchrony. Our study suggests that climate warming could reduce cryptogam plant community stability in low Arctic tundra, and therefore decrease important ecosystem services including carbon storage and food availability to caribou in northern regions.</p>
Connectivity among thermal habitats buffers the effects of warm climate on life-history traits and population dynamics
<p>1. Contemporary climate change affects population dynamics, but its influence varies with landscape structure. It is still unclear whether landscape fragmentation buffers or enhances the effects of climate on population size and on the age and body size of individuals composing these populations.</p> <p>2. This study aims to investigate the impacts of warm climates on lizard life-history traits and population dynamics in habitats varying in their connectivity.</p> <p>3. We monitored common lizard (<em>Zootoca vivipara</em>) populations for three years in an experimental system in which both climatic conditions and connectivity among habitats were simultaneously manipulated. We considered two climatic treatments (i.e., present-day climate and warm climate (+1.4°C than present-day climate)) and two connectivity treatments (i.e., a connected treatment in which individuals could move from one climate to the other and an isolated treatment in which movement between climates was not possible). We monitored survival, reproduction, growth, dispersal, age and body size of each individual in the system as well as population density through time.</p> <p>4. We found that the influence of warm climates on the life-history traits and population dynamics depended on the connectivity among thermal habitats. Populations in warm climates were i) composed of younger individuals only when isolated; ii) larger in population size only in connected habitats; and iii) composed of larger age-specific individuals independently of the landscape configuration. The connectivity among habitats altered population responses to climate warming likely through asymmetries in the flow and phenotype of dispersers between thermal habitats.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that landscape fragmentation can drastically change the dynamics and persistence of populations facing climate change.</p>
Effects of warming temperatures on germination responses and trade-offs between seed traits in an alpine plant
<p>1. Climate warming may affect multiple aspects of plant life history, including important factors such as germination responses and the key trade-off between offspring size and number. As a case study to address these concepts, we used an alpine plant (waxy bluebell, <em>Wahlenbergia</em> <em>ceracea</em>; Campanulaceae) that shows plasticity to warming in seed traits and in which seed dormancy status regulates germination. We chose an alpine species because alpine environments are ecosystems particularly under threat by climate change.</p> <p>2. We conducted germination assays under cool and warm temperatures using seeds produced by individuals that were grown under historical (cooler) and future (warmer) temperature scenarios. We assessed the presence of a seed size vs number trade-off, and then examined the effects of seed number and size on germination percentage, the fractions of dormant and viable seeds, and germination velocity. Further, we examined whether warming during parental growth and during germination affected these relationships.</p> <p>3. We found evidence for a seed size vs number trade-off only under historical parental temperatures. Indeed, under future growth temperatures, parental plants produced fewer and smaller seeds and there was no evidence of a trade-off. However, the reductions in both seed traits under warming did not affect germination, despite correlations of seed size and number with germination traits. Warming increased germination, particularly of larger seeds, but overall it resulted in more than fourfold reductions in parental fitness.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study shows the importance of growth conditions when evaluating the seed size vs number trade-off. Stressful conditions, such as warmer temperatures, can restrain the ability of plants to reach optimal investment in reproduction, masking the trade-off. By analysing responses across the whole life cycle, we show here an overall detrimental effect of warming, highlighting the potential risk of climate change for <em>W</em>. <em>ceracea</em>, and, potentially, for alpine plant communities more widely. </p>
Analysis tools and data for study "Better insurance could effectively mitigate the increase in economic growth losses from US hurricanes under global warming"
<p>This scripts are used for post-analysis and for creating the main figures for our study "Better insurance could effectively mitigate the increase in economic growth losses from US hurricanes under global warming". Our raw results are calculated by InGroClIm (DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5017904).</p>
Data from: Warming reduces priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition along a subtropical elevation gradient
<p>The priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. Here, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126-day lab-incubation experiment with and without additions of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled high-bioavailability glucose or low-bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose-induced PEs (PE<sub>glu</sub>) was higher than lignin-induced PEs (PE<sub>lig</sub>), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (<em>i.e</em>., elevation) gradient, warming had consistent negative effects on PE<sub>glu</sub>, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of warming on PE<sub>lig</sub>. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated the SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability, since warming mediated the PE<sub>glu</sub> by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen-mining but inhibited the PE<sub>lig</sub> by switching from microbial nitrogen-mining to microbial co-metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.</p>
Data to support 'Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forest'
<p>This respository contains output data to support the manuscript titled 'Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forest' by Temesgen Alemayehu Abera, Janne Heiskanen Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Netra Bhandari, Ville Vakkari, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Petri K.E. Pellikka, Andreas Hemp, Pieter G. van Zyl, and Dirk Zeuss </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.