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162 results for “wing morphology”
Phylogenomics and deep convergence in cockroach hind-wing morphology
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Wing morphological responses to latitude and colonisation in a range expanding butterfly
<p>Images of male Speckled Wood butterfly (<em>Pararge aegeria</em>) wings that were collected (during 2016-2018) across a recently expanded range in mainland Britain. The wings were used to study changes in morphology (size and shape) and colour with colonisation history, latitude and temperature.</p> <p>Images were taken by Evelyn D. Taylor-Cox and Claire Williams in the Lepidoptera Ecological Genetics Group at the Univeristy of Liverpool, under the supervision of Ilik J. Saccheri. </p> <p> </p> <p>Files included:</p> <ol> <li>Parage_aegeria_RAW.zip <ul> <li>Nikon raw camera images (.NEF) with ColorGauge Micro Target (Image Science Associates) colour calibration grid</li> </ul> </li> <li>Raw_example.NEF <ul> <li>Example raw image for preview</li> </ul> </li> <li>Pararge_aegeria_landmarks_jpeg.zip <ul> <li>Selected wings for landmarking and associated landmark coordinate files (.TPS)</li> <li>These images have been calibrated and cropped to either the left forewing or hindwing (dorsal surfaces only)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Pararge_aegeria_colour_png.zip <ul> <li>Selected wings for colour analysis (.png)</li> <li>These images have been calibrated and cropped to either the left forewing or hindwing (both ventral and dorsal)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Calib_cropped_FW_D_example.png <ul> <li>Example cropped and calibrated forewing image, dorsal surface (in .png format)</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>Nomenculture (for 2017/18 samples, principle collector EDTC):</p> <ul> <li>PA_*_XX: site number (*) and site code (XX)</li> <li>_##: within site sample number (##)</li> <li>_V or _D: ventral or dorsal surface</li> </ul> <p>Nomenculture (for 2016/7 samples, principle collector CM):</p> <ul> <li>PA_**M#: site reference(**)_Male (M)_within site number(#)</li> <li>_V or _D: ventral or dorsal surface</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC ACCE: studentship to EDTC, grant number NE/L002450/1, NE/N015711/1 awarded to IJS and NE/N015797/1 JKH).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Please contact Ilik J. Saccheri (saccheri@liverpool.ac.uk) or Evelyn D. Taylor-Cox (e.taylorcox@hotmail.co.uk) for requests.</strong></p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 2 in Discrimination of Uranotaenia species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar based on morphology and wing morphometric traits
FIGURE 2. Twelve landmarks on the wing of the Uranotaenia specimens used in the morphometric analyses.
FIGURE 5 in Discrimination of Uranotaenia species (Diptera: Culicidae) from Madagascar based on morphology and wing morphometric traits
FIGURE 5. Variation of the centroid size of the wing for Uranotaenia sp1 from the Anorana forest (1) and the Maromizaha forest (2). Each box shows the group of median values separating the 10th and 90th quartiles.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 3. Characters proposed herein and identified as polymorphic in Juliomys species. 1—Short nasal in the paratype of J. rimofrons (MN46703); 2—Long nasal in the paratype of J. rimofrons (MN61646); 3—Anterior cingulum in J. pictipes (UFES2269); 4—Vestigial anterior cingulum in J. ossitenuis (UFSM599); 5—Anterior cingulum absent in J. ossitenuis (MN81912); 6—Enteroloph and enterostyle, both present in J. pictipes (MN77793); 7—Only enterostyle present in J. pictipes (UFSM517); 8—Both absent in the holotype of J. ximenezi (MCNU868). Line = triple point lacrimal-maxillary-frontal suture; arrow = extension of nasal; ac = anterior cingulum; el = enteroloph; es = enterostyle. Scale = 2 mm in images 1–2 and 1 mm in images 3–8.
FIGURE 2 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull of J. anoblepas. 1—Photo modified from Pardiñas & Teta (2011); 2—Photo by Kasper Hansen, illustrating the current state of preservation of the specimen. The specimen is housed at Lund Collection (ZMUC), Copenhagen, Denmark, but it has no catalog number. Its recognition is unquestionable by Winge (1887)'s description and illustration. Scale = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 1. Map showing the collecting localities of specimens of J. pictipes (black circles), J. anoblepas (star), J. ossitenuis (white circles), J. rimofrons (triangles), J. ximenezi (squares). Atlantic Forest extension is marked in gray and numbers correspond to the localities listed in appendix 1.
FIGURE 5 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 5. Characters previously proposed as diagnostic, and herein identified as polymorphic or invariable. 1—Little excavated zygomatic notch in J. pictipes (MN81096); 2—Zygomatic notch more excavated in J. pictipes (MN69764); 3—Frontal fontanelle absent in J. pictipes (UFES2421); 4—Frontal fontanelle present in J. pictipes (UFES2432); 5–8—Interorbital region is hourglass shaped in all specimens of Juliomys: note differences in the shape of supraorbital margin, which is squared in J. pictipes (Fig. 5.5, MN77793), rounded in J. ossitenuis (Fig. 5.6, MN81085), rounded in J. rimofrons (Fig. 5.7, MN46703), and slightly squared in J. ximenezi (Fig. 5.8, MCNU868); 9–10—Posterolateral pits with same size in J. ossitenuis (Fig. 5.9, MN81852), and in J. pictipes (Fig. 5.10, MZUSP32666). Horizontal arrow = frontal fontanelle; inclined arrow = supraorbital margin. Scale = 2 mm in images 1–8 and 1 mm in images 9–10.
FIGURE 4 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 4. Frequency of states related to characters that can be applied to J. anoblepas. 1—Extension of the nasal; 2—Depth of the zygomatic notch; 3—Frontal fontanelle; 4—Extension of the incisive foramen; 5—Anterior cingulum; 6—Enteroloph and enterostyle. Numbers in bars correspond to number of specimens that have each state. Abbreviations: pic = J. pictipes, oss = J. ossitenuis, rim = J. rimofrons, and xim = J. ximenezi.
FIGURE 6 in Morphological variation in the genus Juliomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae Sigmodontinae) and taxonomic status of Juliomys anoblepas (Winge 1887) from the Quaternary of Southeast Brazil
FIGURE 6. Scatterplot results of principal component analysis of log-transformed cranial measurements. Juliomys anoblepas hypodigm is indicated by an asterisk (*). Numbers indicate holotypes: 1, J. pictipes (FMNH26814); 2, J. ossitenuis (MN69752); 3, J. rimofrons (MN61647); and 4, J. ximenezi (MCNU868).
Data from: Does thermal plasticity align with local adaptation? – An interspecific comparison of wing morphology in sepsid flies
Although genetic and plastic responses are sometimes considered as unrelated processes, their phenotypic effects may often align because genetic adaptation is expected to mirror phenotypic plasticity if adaptive, but run counter to it when maladaptive. The magnitude and direction of this alignment has further consequences for both the tempo and mode of adaptation. To better understand the interplay between phenotypic plasticity and genetic change in mediating adaptive phenotypic variation to climate variability, we here quantified genetic latitudinal variation and thermal plasticity in wing loading and wing shape in two closely related and widespread sepsid flies. Common garden rearing of 16 geographical populations reared across multiple temperatures revealed that wing loading decreases with latitude in both species. This pattern could be driven by selection for increased dispersal capacity in the cold. However, although allometry, sexual dimorphism, thermal plasticity and latitudinal differentiation in wing shape all show similar patterns in the two species, the relationship between the plastic and genetic response differed between them. While latitudinal differentiation (south to north) mirrored thermal plasticity (hot to cold) in Sepsis punctum, there was no relationship in Sepsis fulgens. While this suggests that thermal plasticity may have helped to mediate local adaptation in S. punctum, it also demonstrates that genetic wing shape differentiation and its relation to thermal plasticity may be complex and idiosyncratic, even among ecologically similar and closely related species. Hence, genetic responses can, but do not necessarily, align with phenotypic plasticity induced by changing environmental selection pressures.
Data from: Genetic and morphological variation in sexual and asexual parasitoids of the genus Lysiphlebus: an apparent link between wing shape and reproductive mode
Background Endoparasitoids of aphids belonging to the genus Lysiphlebus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) comprise over 20 species that exploit over a hundred species of aphid hosts including many important pest aphid species. Within the genus Lysiphlebus two genetically and morphologically well defined species groups are recognized: the "fabarum" and the "testaceipes" group both including taxa with sexual (arrhenotoky) and asexual (thelytoky) reproduction modes. However the diverse patterns of morphological variation which include clearly distinguishable morphotypes and genetic variation within species groups are not yet resolved. To address the relationship between morphological evolution and genetic divergence in Lysiphlebus wasps we explored both genetic differentiation (mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences) and morphological variation (wing size and shape) and the changes in wing size and shape in the phylogenetic context. Results and Discussion Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences determine the separation of the genus into two species groups ("testaceipes" and "fabarum" groups) revealed three well defined phylogenetic lineages within "fabarum" species group including yet undefined species. Mapping wing shape data onto molecular phylogenetic indicated that the concordance between genetic diversification and divergence in the wing shape results from the deep split between two main species group. No association between pattern of genetic diversification morphotypes and wing shape variation within species groups was observed. The clear association between wing shape and reproductive mode was the most surprising result of our study. We propose two possible mutually non-exclusive mechanisms which may explain the link between reproductive mode and the shape of the wing Conclusions Combining molecular analysis with analysis of wing shape allows us determining existence of one cryptic yet undescribed species. At the same time we determine that Lysiphlebus fabarum group need detailed taxonomic revision because species boundaries as defined cannot be upheld. Mapping wing shape onto independently derived molecular phylogeny revealed that deep genetic divergence is associated with evolutionary changes in wing shape of Lysiphlebus wasps. Among most recently diverged taxa the morphological variation in the wing shape can be explained by the reproduction mode.
Data from: Geographic clines in wing morphology relate to colonization history in New World but not Old World populations of yellow dung flies
Geographic clines offer insights about putative targets and agents of natural selection as well as tempo and mode of adaptation. However, demographic processes can lead to clines that are indistinguishable from adaptive divergence. Using the widespread yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae), we examine quantitative genetic differentiation (QST) of wing shape across North America, Europe and Japan, and compare this differentiation with that of ten microsatellites (FST). Morphometric analyses of 28 populations reared at three temperatures revealed significant thermal plasticity, sexual dimorphism and geographic differentiation in wing shape. In North America morphological differentiation followed the decline in microsatellite variability along the presumed route of recent colonization from the southeast to the northwest. Across Europe, where S. stercoraria presumably existed for much longer time and where no molecular pattern of isolation by distance was evident, clinal variation was less pronounced despite significant morphological differentiation (QST>FST). Shape vector comparisons further indicate that thermal plasticity (hot-to-cold) does not mirror patterns of latitudinal divergence (south-to-north), as might have been expected under a scenario with temperature as the major agent of selection. Our findings illustrate the importance of detailed phylogeographic information when interpreting geographic clines of dispersal traits in an adaptive evolutionary framework.
FIGURES 4–7. Mannheimsia wings. 4. M in Mannheimsia Beyer (Diptera: Phoridae): description of a new species, redescription of Mannheimsia stricta and studies on hypopygial morphology
FIGURES 4–7. Mannheimsia wings. 4. M. conica, sp. nov.; 5. M. stricta; 6. M. stylodactyla; 7. M. tianzena.
FIGURES 36–38 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 36–38. Types of venational patterns of mesothoracic wings in Scutelleridae: 36—I type, Elvisurinae: Elvisura, Solenosthedium; Sphaerocorinae: Chiastosternum, Sphaerocoris, Steganocerus; Scutellerinae: Anoplogonius, Cryptacrus, Gonaulax, Graptocoris; 37—II type, Scutellerinae: Calidea, Procilia; 38—III type, Eurygastrinae: Xerobia; Hoteinae: Deroplax, Hotea; Odontoscelinae: Irochrotus, Odontoscelis, Rhinolaetia; Odontotarsinae: Alphocoris, Urothyreus.
FIGURES 21–25 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 21–25. Forewing, respectively dorsal and ventral view: 21—Cryptacrus comes (Fabricius); 22—Cryptacrus novemmaculatus Signoret; 23—Gonaulax grandis (Distant); 24—Gonaulax leroyi Schouteden; 25—Graptocoris aulicus (Germar).
FIGURES 6–10 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 6–10. Forewing, respectively dorsal and ventral view: 6—Xerobia sculpturata (Stål); 7—Deroplax lambertoni Schouteden; 8—Deroplax nigrofasciata Distant; 9—Hotea acuta Stål; 10—Hotea subfasciata (Westwood).
FIGURES 11–15 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 11–15. Forewing, respectively dorsal and ventral view: 11—Irochrotus montandoni Schouteden; 12—Odontoscelis dorsalis (Fabricius); 13—Rhinolaetia overlaeti Schouteden; 14—Alphocoris indutus Stål; 15—Alphocoris larinoides Germar.
FIGURES 1–5 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 1–5. Forewing, respectively dorsal and ventral view: 1—Solenosthedium liligerum (Thunberg); 2—Solenosthedium schulzi Schouteden; 3—Solenosthedium superbum Schouteden; 4—Elvisura irrorata Spinola; 5—Elvisura minor Schouteden. Abbreviations: C—costal vein, Sc—subcostal vein, R—radial vein, M—medial vein, Cu—cubital vein, AA—anal veins, MF—medial furrow, CF—claval furrow.
FIGURES 31–35 in The mesothoracic wings of Afrotropical Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): morphology and taxonomic significance
FIGURES 31–35. Forewing, respectively dorsal and ventral view: 31—Hyperonus decorsei Martin; 32—Steganocerus multipunctatus (Thunberg); 33—Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman); 34—Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus); 35—Coptosoma scutellatum (Geoffroy).
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