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205 results for “wing pattern”
Data from: Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies
Adaptive radiation is characterized by rapid diversification that is strongly associated with ecological specialization. However, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms fueling adaptive diversification requires a detailed knowledge of how natural selection acts at multiple life-history stages. Butterflies within the genus Adelpha represent one of the largest and most diverse butterfly lineages in the Neotropics. Although Adelpha species feed on an extraordinary diversity of larval hosts, convergent evolution is widespread in this group suggesting that selection for mimicry may contribute to adaptive divergence among species. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted predation studies in Costa Rica using artificial butterfly facsimiles. Specifically, we predicted that non-toxic, palatable Adelpha species that do not feed on host plants in the family Rubiaceae would benefit from sharing a locally convergent wing pattern with the presumably toxic Rubiaceae-feeding species via reduced predation. Contrary to expectations, we found that the presumed mimic was attacked significantly more than its locally convergent model, at a frequency paralleling attack rates on both novel and palatable prey. Although these data reveal the first evidence for protection from avian predators by the supposed toxic, Rubiaceae-feeding Adelpha species, we conclude that imprecise mimetic patterns have high costs for Batesian mimics in the tropics.
Data from: Complex dynamics underlie the evolution of imperfect wing pattern convergence in butterflies
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FIGURES 27–34 Wing patterns. 27. Rhopaltriplasia anamilleta Diakonoff, 1973 28 in First report on the Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) of Lao PDR with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 27–34 Wing patterns. 27. Rhopaltriplasia anamilleta Diakonoff, 1973 28. Sisona albitibiana (Snellen, 1902) 29. Sorolopha archimedias (Meyrick, 1912) 30. Sorolopha argyropa Diakonoff, 1973 31. Sorolopha cyclotoma Lower, 1901 32. Statherotis discana (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) 33. Statherotis leucaspis (Meyrick, 1902) 34. Sycacantha inodes (Meyrick, 1911).
FIGURES 17–26. Wing patterns. 17. Lobesia genialis Meyrick, 1912 18. Lobesia kurokoi Bae, 1995 19. Lobesia lithogonia Diakonoff, 1954 20. Lobesia moriutii Bae, 1995 21. Megalota fallax Meyrick, 1909 22. Megalota vera Diakonoff, 1966 23. Neopotamia divisa Walsingham, 1900 24. Ophiorrhabda cellifera Meyrick, 1912 25 in First report on the Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) of Lao PDR with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 17–26. Wing patterns. 17. Lobesia genialis Meyrick, 1912 18. Lobesia kurokoi Bae, 1995 19. Lobesia lithogonia Diakonoff, 1954 20. Lobesia moriutii Bae, 1995 21. Megalota fallax Meyrick, 1909 22. Megalota vera Diakonoff, 1966 23. Neopotamia divisa Walsingham, 1900 24. Ophiorrhabda cellifera Meyrick, 1912 25. Ophiorrhabda mormopa (Meyrick, 1906) 26. Ophiorrhabda philocompsa (Meyrick, 1921).
FIGURES 7–16. Wing patterns. 7. Diakonoffiana laosensis, n in First report on the Olethreutini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) of Lao PDR with descriptions of two new species
FIGURES 7–16. Wing patterns. 7. Diakonoffiana laosensis, n.sp. (holotype male) 8. Do. n.sp. (paratype female) 9. Dicephalarcha herbosa (Meyrick, 1909) 10. Dudua aprobola (Meyrick, 1886) 11. Dudua charadraea (Meyrick, 1909) 12. Dudua tetanota Meyrick, 1909 13. Gatesclarkeana idia Diakonoff, 1973 14. Hedya iophaea Meyrick, 1912 15. Lobesia acicula, n.sp. (holotype male) 16. Lobesia aeolopa Meyrick, 1907.
FIGURE 9 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 9. Culicoides similis (female—18), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 8 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 8. Culicoides ravus (female—17), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 6 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 6. Culicoides milnei (female—13), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 3 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 3. Culicoides imicola (male—2), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 11 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 11. Culicoides neavei (female—20), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 2 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 2. Culicoides imicola (female—1), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 10 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 10. Culicoides tropicalis (female—19), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 7 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 7. Culicoides cornutus (female—15), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 12 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 12. Culicoides onderstepoortensis (female—21), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 5 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 5. Culicoides circumscriptus (male—9), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
FIGURE 4 in Wing Interference Patterns in patterned wings of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)-exploring potential identification tool
FIGURE 4. Culicoides circumscriptus (female—8), a—photograph of wing on white background, b—WIP visualization.
Wing interference patterns of Chrysomya blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
<p>Wing interference patterns (WIPs) are stable structural colours displayed on insect wings which are only visible at specific viewing geometries and against certain backgrounds. These patterns are widespread among flies and wasps, and growing evidence suggests that they may function as species- and sex-specific mating cues in a range of taxa. As such, it is expected that WIPs should differ between species and show clear sexual dimorphisms. However, the true extent to which WIPs vary between species, sexes, and individuals is currently unclear, as previous studies have only taken a qualitative approach, without considering how WIPs might be perceived by the insect. Using multispectral digital imaging and a tentative model of blowfly colour vision, we provide the first quantitative dataset of inter- and intra-specific variation in WIPs across seven Australian species of the blowfly genus <i>Chrysomya</i>. These data suggest that WIPs have diversified substantially in blowflies as a result of either sexual or ecological selection.</p>
Data from: Wing patterning gene redefines the mimetic history of Heliconius butterflies
The mimetic butterflies Heliconius erato and H. melpomene have undergone parallel radiations to form a near-identical patchwork of over 20 different wing pattern races across the Neotropics. Previous molecular phylogenetic work on these radiations has suggested that similar but geographically disjunct color patterns arose multiple times independently in each species. The neutral markers used in these studies, however, can move freely across color pattern boundaries and therefore might not represent the history of the adaptive traits as accurately as markers linked to color pattern genes. To assess this, we compared relationships among races within H. erato and within H. melpomene using a series of unlinked genes, genes linked to color pattern loci, and optix - a gene recently shown to control red color pattern variation. We found that while unlinked genes partition populations by geographic region, optix had a different history, structuring lineages by red color patterns and supporting a single origin of red-rayed patterns within each species. Genes closely linked (80-250 KB) to optix exhibited only weak associations with color pattern. This study empirically demonstrates the necessity of examining phenotype-determining genomic regions to understand the history of adaptive change in rapidly radiating lineages. With these refined relationships, we resolve a long-standing debate about the origins of the races within each species, supporting the hypothesis that the red-rayed Amazonian pattern evolved recently and expanded, causing disjunctions of more ancestral patterns.
Data from: Extensive transcriptional response associated with seasonal plasticity of butterfly wing patterns
In the eastern United States the buckeye butterfly, Junonia coenia, shows seasonal wing color plasticity where adults emerging in the spring are tan, while those emerging in the autumn are dark red. This variation can be artificially induced in laboratory colonies, thus making J. coenia a useful model system to examine the mechanistic basis of plasticity. To better understand the developmental basis of seasonal plasticity we used RNA-seq to quantify transcription profiles associated with development of alternative seasonal wing morphs. Depending on the developmental stage, between 547 and 1420 transfrags were significantly differentially expressed between morphs. These extensive differences in gene expression stand in contrast to the much smaller numbers of differentially expressed transcripts identified in previous studies of genetic wing pattern variation in other species, and suggest that environmentally induced phenotypic shifts arise from very broad systemic processes. Analyses of candidate endocrine and pigmentation transcripts revealed notable genes upregulated in the red morph, including several ecdysone-associated genes, and cinnabar, a pigmentation gene implicated in color pattern variation in other butterflies. We also found multiple melanin-related transcripts strongly upregulated in the red morph, including tan and yellow-family genes, leading us to speculate that dark red pigmentation in autumn J. coenia may involve non-ommochrome pigments. While we identified several endocrine and pigmentation genes as obvious candidates for seasonal color morph differentiation, we speculate that the majority of observed expression differences were due to thermal stress response. The buckeye transcriptome provides a basis for further developmental studies of phenotypic plasticity.
Data from: Transcriptome analysis reveals novel patterning and pigmentation genes underlying Heliconius butterfly wing pattern variation
BACKGROUND: Heliconius butterfly wing pattern diversity offers a unique opportunity to investigate how natural genetic variation can drive the evolution of complex adaptive phenotypes. Positional cloning and candidate gene studies have identified a handful of regulatory and pigmentation genes implicated in Heliconius wing pattern variation, but little is known about the greater developmental networks within which these genes interact to pattern a wing. Here we took a large-scale transcriptomic approach to identify the network of genes involved in Heliconius wing pattern development and variation. This included applying over 140 transcriptome microarrays to assay gene expression in dissected wing pattern elements across a range of developmental stages and wing pattern morphs of Heliconius erato. RESULTS: We identified a number of putative early prepattern genes with color-pattern related expression domains. We also identified 51 genes differentially expressed in association with natural color pattern variation. Of these, the previously identified color pattern "switch gene" optix was recovered as the first transcript to show color-specific differential expression. Most differentially expressed genes were transcribed late in pupal development and have roles in cuticle formation or pigment synthesis. These include previously undescribed transporter genes associated with ommochrome pigmentation. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of melanin-repressing genes such as ebony and Dat1 in non-melanic patterns. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies many new genes implicated in butterfly wing pattern development and provides a glimpse into the number and types of genes affected by variation in genes that drive color pattern evolution.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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