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Figs 15–17 in Microsporidia in a Woodland Pool I. Lanatospora costata sp. n. (Opisthosporidia, Microsporidia), Parasite of Megacyclops viridis (Crustacea, Copepoda): Fine Structure and Molecular Phylogeny
Figs 15–17. Lanatospora costata, parasite of Megacyclops viridis, structure of spores as seen in SEM and TEM. 15 – Spore surface ornamentation as seen by SEM. Note that the exospore ribs form a complex armour on the spore surface. Scale bar: 1 µm. 16 – Detail of the polaroplast lamellae (pl) in the apical part of the spore, pf – polar filament. Scale bar: 200 nm. 17 – Details of the polar filament coils (pf) in cross section. Scale bar: 500 nm.
Fig. 19 in Microsporidia in a Woodland Pool I. Lanatospora costata sp. n. (Opisthosporidia, Microsporidia), Parasite of Megacyclops viridis (Crustacea, Copepoda): Fine Structure and Molecular Phylogeny
Fig. 19. The woodland pool near Přerov nad Labem, Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic (50°167′N, 14°810′E), the type habitat of Lanatospora costata sp. n.
Fig. 1 in Epiphytic lichens of woodland habitats in the lower Ticino river valley and in the "Bosco Siro Negri" Integral Nature State Reserve (NW Italy)
Fig. 1 - The study area, corresponding to the lower Ticino River valley. The "Bosco Siro Negri" Integral Nature State Reserve is indicated with a black star, the 15 well-preserved woodlands with white stars, the 15 degraded woodlands with white triangles and the 15 poplar plantations with white circles. Patches of vegetation attributed to Habitat 91F0 are highlighted with a vertical line pattern. / L'area di studio, corrispondente alla bassa valle del Ticino. La Riserva Naturale Integrale Statale "Bosco Siro Negri" è indicata con una stella nera, i 15 boschi ben conservati con stelle bianche, i 15 boschi degradati con triangoli bianchi e i 15 pioppeti con cerchi bianchi. Le aree con vegetazione attribuita all'Habitat 91F0 sono evidenziate con una trama a linee verticali.
Table 2 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores
<p>Table 2. Key morphological characters distinguishing <i>Fridericia rara</i> sp. nov. from <i>F. bulbosa</i> sensu stricto, the only known quadrisetose congener possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, hyaline coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th><i>F. rara</i> sp. n.</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> sensu Rota, 1995</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> – urban SI</th><th><i>F. bulbosa</i> – urban NA</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Length</th><td>5 mm</td><td>7–9 mm</td><td>6 mm</td><td>5–7 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Width (at clitellum)</th><td>0.25 mm</td><td>0.23–0.28 mm</td><td>0.23 mm</td><td>0.22–0.26 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Segments</th><td>27–32</td><td>39–41</td><td>27–37</td><td>24–36</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal formula</th><td>0,2 – 2: 2,3,4 – 2</td><td>2,3,4– 4,3,2: 2,3,4–4,3,2</td><td>2,3,4 – 2: 2,3,4 – (4,3),2</td><td>2,3,4 – 2: 2,3,4 – 4,3,2</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal length precl.</th><td>24–27 μm (lat.); 27-35 μm (v.)</td><td>up to 45 μm</td><td>up to 42 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td></tr><tr><th>length postcl.</th><td>26–35 μm (lat. & v.)</td><td>50 μm</td><td>up to 42 μm</td><td>40 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Clitellar pattern</th><td>regular rows, chequered, interr. ventrally in XII; cells mostly hyaline, large</td><td>regular rows, ventr. absent between ♂ pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td><td>regular rows, absent between ♂ pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td><td>regular rows, absent between ♂ pores, granular behind them, mosaic in XIII; hyaline cells large</td></tr><tr><th>Male openings</th><td>longitudinal, glandular duct end</td><td>longitudinal</td><td>longitudinal</td><td>longitudinal</td></tr><tr><th>Peptonephridia</th><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td></tr><tr><th>Coelomocytes:</th></tr><tr><th>nucleated</th><td>Type a,.24–30 μm long(f)</td><td>Type a, up to 30 μm long</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a, 32–40 μm long</td></tr><tr><th>anucleate</th><td>small (2.5–6 μm)(f)</td><td>small (4–10 μm)</td><td>small</td><td>small (4–6 μm)</td></tr><tr><th>Chylus cells</th><td>XII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XIII–XIV</td></tr><tr><th>Dorsal vessel from</th><td>XV</td><td>XVI–XVII</td><td>XVI</td><td>XV–XVII</td></tr><tr><th>Preclitellar nephridia</th><td>3 pairs (6/7–8/9) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11)</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) subterminal</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11)</td></tr><tr><th>Sperm funnels l: w</th><td>88: 50 μm</td><td>152–184: 65 μm 112: 50(f)</td><td>80: 32 μm (f)</td><td>75–100: 42–50 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Penial bulb length</th><td>50 μm(f)</td><td>120 μm, soft, 80(f)</td><td>50–58 μm(f)</td><td>60–64 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Spermathecal ampulla w;</th><td>45 μm; 32(f)</td><td>30 μm; 26(f)</td><td>30 μm; 26–28(f)</td><td>32 μm; 24–29(f)</td></tr><tr><th>ental ducts;</th><td>adjacent;</td><td>adjacent;</td><td>adjacent, on one side;</td><td>merging;</td></tr><tr><th>ectal duct l: w;</th><td>112: 10 μm(f);</td><td>245: 12 μm;</td><td>225: 15 μm;</td><td>175: 15 μm;</td></tr><tr><th>glands at pore</th><td>one, small, 8 μm long(f)</td><td>one, 28 μm long</td><td>one, small, 13 μm long</td><td>one, small, 10 μm long(f)</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Five new species of Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) from Mediterranean woodlands of Italy and reaffirmed validity of Achaeta etrusca, Fridericia bulbosa and F. miraflores
<p>Table 1. Key morphological characters distinguishing <i>Fridericia meridiana</i> sp. nov. from the known quadrisetose congeners possessing adiverticulate spermathecae, peripherally granular coelomocytes and short, simple peptonephridia. Measurements in this table refer to live specimens, except where specified by (f), meaning fixed material.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th><i>F. meridiana</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>F. bretscheri</i> Southern, 1907</th><th><i>F. schmelzi</i> Cech & Dózsa-Farkas, 2005</th><th><i>F. composti</i> Schmelz, 2003</th><th><i>F. semisetosa</i> Dózsa-Farkas, 1970</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Length</th><td>5–6 mm</td><td>5–10 mm</td><td>5–7.7 mm</td><td>6–8 mm</td><td>5–7 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Width (at clitellum)</th><td>0.19–0.20 mm</td><td>0.25–0.32 μm</td><td>0.22–0.29 mm</td><td>0.30 mm</td><td>0.15–0.24 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Segments</th><td>28–36</td><td>30–42</td><td>34–37</td><td>33–36</td><td>24–34</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal formula</th><td>2,3 – 2: 2,3,4 – (3),2</td><td>(2,3),4 – 4,3,2: 3,4 – 4,3,2</td><td>(2),3,4 – (3),2: 3,4 – (4),2</td><td>0,1,2,(3,4)</td><td>1,0 – 0: 2,3,4 – (3),2,1</td></tr><tr><th>Chaetal length precl.</th><td>25–40 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td><td>up to 29 μm</td><td>up to 40 μm</td><td>20–30 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Max length postcl.</th><td>50 μm</td><td>65 μm</td><td>?</td><td>40 μm</td><td>up to 30 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Clitellar pattern</th><td>regular rows, interrupted ventrally in XII; cells mostly hyaline, large</td><td>irregular; complete; rows of granular cells between male pores</td><td>regular rows, often double, interrupted ventr. in XII; hyaline cells large</td><td>irregular; complete; rows of granular cells between male pores</td><td>regular rows, interrupted dorsally and ventrally; hyaline cells larger</td></tr><tr><th>Male openings</th><td>T-shaped</td><td>longitudinal (staple)</td><td>transversal</td><td>L or T-shaped</td><td>T-shaped</td></tr><tr><th>Peptonephridia</th><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td><td>Type a</td></tr><tr><th>Coelomocytes:</th></tr><tr><th>nucleated</th><td>Type b, 18–30 μm long</td><td>Type b, 30–36 μm long</td><td>Type b, 24–34 μm</td><td>Type b, 22–25 μm</td><td>Type b, 20 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>anucleate</th><td>small (5–10 μm)</td><td>small (6–10 μm)</td><td>large (8–12 μm)</td><td>large (8–12 μm)</td><td>large (9–12 μm)(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Chylus cells</th><td>IX–X or X–XI</td><td>XII–XV</td><td>IX–X, X–XI or XI–XII</td><td>X–XII</td><td>XII–XIII or XI–XII</td></tr><tr><th>Dorsal vessel from</th><td>XIII–XIV</td><td>XV–XVIII</td><td>XIV–XVI</td><td>XIV</td><td>XIV–XVI</td></tr><tr><th>Preclitellar nephridia</th><td>4 pairs (6/7–9/10) midventral</td><td>4 pairs (6/7–9/10) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) midventral</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) subterminal</td><td>5 pairs (6/7–10/11) midventral</td></tr><tr><th>Sperm funnels l: w</th><td>75: 38 μm</td><td>90–200: 50–100 μm</td><td>48–62: 29–34 μm</td><td>80: 35 μm</td><td>70–110: 37–65 μm</td></tr><tr><th>Penial bulb length</th><td>55 μm</td><td>80–120 μm</td><td>110 μm</td><td>62 μm</td><td>70–90 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>Spermathecal ampulla w; ental ducts; ectal</th><td>20 μm(f); separate or adjacent; 175 μm</td><td>43–49 μm; adjacent or merging;</td><td>22–25 μm; merging dorsally;</td><td>25–28 μm(f); merging dorsally;</td><td>22 μm; merging dorsally;</td></tr><tr><th>duct l: w</th><td></td><td>250: 15 μm</td><td>130–160: 10 μm</td><td>100–120: 10 μm(f)</td><td>100: 10 μm(f)</td></tr><tr><th>glands at pore</th><td>1, small, 8–10 μm long(f)</td><td>1or 2, large, 60 μm long</td><td>1, 20–30 μm</td><td>1, 20 μm long(f)</td><td>1, 20–22 μm long</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 1 in The parasitoid complex and parasitoid-induced mortality of spiders (Araneae) in a Central European woodland
Figure 1. Map of the Oldenburg area. W indicates the main investigation site, the woodland ''Wildenloh'', 7 km to the west of Oldenburg.
Figure 2 in The parasitoid complex and parasitoid-induced mortality of spiders (Araneae) in a Central European woodland
Figure 2. Qualitative parasitoid web of spiders in the Central European region. Compiled mainly from Fitton et al. (1987) and from further literature mentioned in this paper and in Finch (2001). *Parasitoid taxa recorded during this study.? not well-known relationship.
Fig. 3 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 3. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (CAS CASLOT 044412). SEM photographs. A. Antenna, lateral view. B–C. Hind leg. D. Apical part of metatibia and metatarsus. E. Tegmen, basal part. F. Same, apical part.
Fig. 2 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 2. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Paratype, ♀ (CAS CASLOT 044446). C–F. Holotype, ♂ (CAS CASLOT 044412). SEM photographs. A. Anterior part of body, fronto-dorsal view. B. Same, frontal view. C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view. D. Upper part of head and pronotum, fronto-dorsal view. E. Head and thorax, dorsal view. F. Antenna, frontal view.
Fig. 6 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 6. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Paratype, ♀ (CAS CASLOT 044463). SEM photographs. A. Abdomen, ventral view. B. Same, lateral view. C. Abdomen, dorsal view. D. Tergites, central membranous part. E. Gonoplacs, fronto-ventral view. F. Gonoplac teeth.
Fig. 1 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 1. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (CAS CASLOT 044412). Habitus. A. Anterior part, dorsal view. B. Same, frontal view. C. Tegmen. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
Fig. 5 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 5. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (CAS CASLOT 044412). Line drawings. A. Terminalia, lateral view. B. Anal tube, dorsal view. C. Periandrium, lateral view. D. Same, dorsal view. E. Aedeagus, lateral view. F. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 7 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 7. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Paratype, ♀ (CAS CASLOT 044463). Line drawings. A. Pregenital sternite, flattened, ventral view. B. Anal tube, dorsal view. C. Same, lateral view. D. Gonoplac, lateral view E. Gonapophysis VIII, lateral view. F. Bursa copulatrix with cells, lateral view. G. Spermatheca. H. Gonapophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge, lateral view. I. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 4 in Selizitapia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from tapia woodlands of Madagascar
Fig. 4. Selizitapia pennyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ♂ (CAS CASLOT 044412). SEM photographs. A. Abdomen, lateral view. B. Terminalia, lateral view. C. Abdomen, dorsal view. D. Terminalia, dorsal view. E. Terminalia, postero-ventral view. F. Same, fronto-dorsal view.
Site characterization, regeneration attributes, and juvenile conifer growth characteristics for 25 forest and woodland sites in the southwestern United States
<p>This dataset contains biotic and abiotic site characterization data, juvenile conifer regeneration and growth data, and detailed juvenile growth characteristic data for destructively sampled juvenile conifers. Data are included for 25 forest and woodland sites in the southwestern United States, and were collected in summer 2019. A detailed sampling and analysis methodology is available from the following publication (in press as of 10-2021):</p> <p>Pirtel NL, Bradford JB, Hubbard RM, Abella SR, Kolb TE, Litvak ME, Porter SL and Petrie MD. 2021. The aboveground and belowground growth characteristics of juvenile conifers in the southwestern United States, Ecosphere: in press.</p> <p>Please contact the corresponding author (MD Petrie) with any questions or requests.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Hardwoods influence effect of climate and intraspecific competition on growth of woodland longleaf pine trees
<p>Longleaf pine woodlands of the North American Coastal Plain are proposed to be resilient to climate change impacts, but little is known about changes in limiting factors to longleaf pine growth as climate has changed in the late 20<sup>th</sup> and early 21<sup>st</sup> centuries. Moreover, the role that neighborhood trees play in the context of climate change remains largely unexplored. We used static and moving-window tree-ring and climatic analyses to measure the effects of climate on longleaf pine growth at a site in southwest Georgia, USA. We then performed maximum likelihood analysis to examine the influence of neighboring hardwoods on the response of longleaf pine growth to the joint effects of competition and climate. Analysis of climate data from local stations in southwest Georgia over six decades indicated that mean air temperature decreased until the late 20<sup>th </sup>century and then began to rise, and that the variability of spring and summer precipitation has increased. Tree ring and climate analyses indicated longleaf pine radial growth is sensitive to precipitation and air temperature, and that the strength of correlation of longleaf pine growth to summer air temperature and summer precipitation increased since the 1950s. Likelihood models, which were applied over a shorter (23-year) period and explicitly incorporated competition, did not support a link between summer temperature and growth but did indicate summer precipitation increased growth. Furthermore, basal area of neighboring hardwoods was correlated with greater pine growth per millimeter of precipitation. Basal area of neighboring longleaf pine negatively affected the growth of conspecific trees; the presence of hardwoods increased the competitive effect when basal area of neighboring pine trees was low (<10 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) but decreased the competitive effect when basal area of neighboring pine trees was high (≥ 10 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). These results suggest that retention or recruitment of hardwood trees when restoring longleaf pine woodlands may contribute to increased ability to withstand dry summers and may help to allay concerns of managers that retention of hardwoods will unduly affect the growth of residual mature longleaf pines.</p>
Herbivorous dietary selection shown by hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) within mixed woodland habitats
<p>Knowledge of diet and dietary selectivity is vital, especially for the conservation of declining species. Accurately obtaining this information, however, is difficult, especially if the study species feeds on a wide range of food items within heterogeneous and inaccessible environments, such as the tree canopy. Hawfinches ( Coccothraustes coccothraustes ), like many woodland birds, are declining for reasons that are unclear. We investigated the possible role that dietary selection may have in these declines in the UK. Here, we used a combination of high-throughput sequencing of 261 hawfinch faecal samples assessed against tree occurrence data from quadrats sampled in three hawfinch population strongholds in the UK to test for evidence of selective foraging. This revealed that hawfinches show selective feeding and consume certain tree genera disproportionally to availability. Positive selection was shown for beech (<em>Fagus</em>), cherry (<em>Prunus</em>), hornbeam (<em>Carpinus</em>), maples (<em>Acer</em>) and oak (<em>Quercus</em>), while Hawfinch avoided ash (<em>Fraxinus</em>), birch (<em>Betula</em>), chestnut (<em>Castanea</em>), fir (<em>Abies</em>), hazel (<em>Corylus</em>), rowan (<em>Sorbus</em>) and lime (<em>Tilia</em>). This approach provided detailed information on hawfinch dietary choice and may be used to predict the effects of changing food resources on other declining passerine populations in the future.</p>
Multi‐marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird
<p>Avian diet can be affected by site‐specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi‐marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in‐depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016–2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.</p>
Tropical dry woodland loss occurs disproportionately in areas of highest conservation value
<p>This data repository contains the data results used to analyse how deforestation dynamics relate to areas of woodland protection and to conservation priorities across the world's tropical dry woodlands. We do this for the period of 2000 to 2020, at 10-km spatial resolution (Coordinate System: WGS_1984_Mollweide, float format) following Buchadas et al. (2022) methods available in https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00886-9. Datasets used for this analysis are generally publicly available, forest cover and loss data are available at: https://data.globalforestwatch.org/. The data on protected areas is available at https://www.protectedplanet.net/. The global conservation priority layers have been made openly available as part of Jung et al. (2021) at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5006332. The map of Indigenous Peoples' Lands can be obtained from the authors on reasonable request (Garnett et al. 2018). The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Thus we refrain from sharing the primary data that includes it, here.</p> <p>Further details of the datasets can be found in Buchadas et. al. (2023)</p> <p>For further questions or issues with the datasets, please contact Ana Buchadas at ana.buchadas@geo.hu-berlin.de.</p>
An investigation into grazing impacts by New Forest herbivores on inclosure and open woodland patch areas
<p>Data set + R-code for: An investigation into grazing impacts by New Forest herbivores on inclosure and open woodland patch areas</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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