Find research datasets worth reusing

X-ray diffraction images of yeast 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase complexed with substrate 5-aminolevulinic acid.

X-ray diffraction images collected at the BW7B beamline at DESY (Hamburg) on 2 Jun 1998. More details in the notes.

X-ray diffraction images of endothiapepsin complexed with the norstatine inhibitor CP-80,794.

X-ray diffraction images of endothiapepsin complexed with CP-80,794 collected at ESRF beamline ID14-2 on 28th April 2001 to 0.98 Å resolution. More details in the included notes.

X-ray diffraction images of endothiapepsin complexed with the inhibitor H256.

X-ray diffraction images for endothiapepsin complexed with the reduced bond inhibitor H256 collected at ESRF beamline ID14-2.

Atomic resolution X-ray diffraction images for endothiapepsin complexed with a cyclic statine inhibitor.

X-ray diffraction images for endothiapepsin complexed with inhibitor CP-129,541. The data were collected on 29th April 2001.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2017View details →

X-ray diffraction images of endothiapepsin complexed with the phosphostatine inhibitor PD-130,328.

X-ray diffraction images collected at the ESRF (Grenoble) beamline ID14-2 using an ADSC Quantum 4R CCD detector on 9 Apr 2000.

dryad40/100

X-ray imaging of 30 year old wine grape wood reveals cumulative impacts of rootstocks on scion secondary growth and harvest index

Annual rings from vines in a 30 year old, California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions. Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth, yield, berry quality, and nutrient uptake were measured at the beginning and end of the lifetime of the vineyard. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines. Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model. Early and late wood ring widths, cambium width, and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits. Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay thereafter, consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine. The ratio of yield to vegetative growth, juice pH, photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates, and stomatal conductance are correlated with scion trunk radius. Rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years, altering hydraulic conductance, physiology, and agronomic traits. Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width, which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology, can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

X-ray diffraction images recorded for Aumonier et al., (2022) Slow protein dynamics probed by time-resolved oscillation crystallography at room temperature, IUCrJ

The present repository contains diffraction images corresponding to 27 distinct datasets collected at room temperature on the ESRF beamline ID30A-3 using an Eiger X 4M detector. Datasets have been uploaded with their original names to maintain the metadata integrity. The two following tables match the original names with those attributed in the supplementary table S1 of  Aumonier et al., IUCrJ (2022) (https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252522009150). <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Data set name on Zenodo </td> <td> X06_01 </td> <td> X12_05 </td> <td> X07_02_ </td> <td> X06_08 </td> <td> X14_06 </td> <td> X13_03 </td> <td> X08_06 </td> <td> X11_05 </td> <td> X13_05 </td> <td> X06_02 </td> <td> X11_01 </td> <td> X08_01 </td> <td> X14_01 </td> <td> X13_01 </td> <td> X06_03 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Data set in Aumonier et al. 2022 </td> <td> Dark </td> <td> PS2 </td> <td> PS2 </td> <td> PS3 </td> <td> PS4 </td> <td> PS5 </td> <td> PS6 </td> <td> PS7 </td> <td> R2” </td> <td> R3” </td> <td> R7” </td> <td> R10” </td> <td> R13” </td> <td> R21” </td> <td> R35” </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> Data set on Zenodo </td> <td> X08_02 </td> <td> X11_02 </td> <td> X12_02 </td> <td> X14_02 </td> <td> X13_04 </td> <td> X13_02 </td> <td> X12_06 </td> <td> X06_09 </td> <td> X09_04 </td> <td> X12_04 </td> <td> X06_07 </td> <td> X13_07 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Data set in Aumonier et al. 2022 </td> <td> R51” </td> <td> R62” </td> <td> R62” </td> <td> R67” </td> <td> R72” </td> <td> R80” </td> <td> R90” </td> <td> R130” </td> <td> R166” </td> <td> R258” </td> <td> R630” </td> <td> R1620” </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> One dataset consists of a master file, four data files and two metadata files.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Multienergy Fan Beam Computed Tomography Dataset of a Bird Chest Imaged with 3 Different X-ray Spectra

Summary This dataset is a collection of X-ray projection data of a biological imaging phantom (a bird chest) imaged in an X-ray microtomography scanner, using three different X-ray spectra. The dataset also includes a metadata file for each of the scans, specifying the scan geometry and other important scan parameters, as well as photographs and example reconstructions. The dataset is designed for use in algorithm development for multienergy computed tomography.   Description Sample Information The sample is the chest of a common quail (Coturnix coturnix) bird obtained frozen from a local supermarket. The chest section of the frozen bird was removed using a handsaw, and left to melt and settle in a sample holder before imaging. Scanner The measurement data were acquired using an X-ray microtomography scanner in the University of Helsinki Micro-CT Laboratory. The scanner uses cone beam geometry and it is equipped with an end-window tube with a tungsten target. Scan Settings The dataset consists of three consecutive scans made using identical geometry but different X-ray spectra and detector exposure times. For each scan, 720 X-ray projections were acquired using an angle increment of 0.5 degrees. Multiple frames were averaged for each projection in order to increase signal-to-noise ratio. The scan geometry and the energy-specific settings are summarized in the following two tables. Table 1. Imaging geometry used for collecting the data. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Parameter</td> <td>Value</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Focus-center distance</td> <td>252 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Focus-detector distance</td> <td>420 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Geometric magnification</td> <td>5/2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Detector pixel size</td> <td>0.200 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Effective pixel size</td> <td>0.120 mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Projection size</td> <td>552 x 576 pixels</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Angular range</td> <td>360'</td> </tr> <tr> <td>#projections</td> <td>720</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Table 2. Energy-specific settings used for collecting the data. <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Energy label</td> <td>U (kV)</td> <td>Filtration</td> <td>I (μA)</td> <td>Exposure time (ms)</td> <td>Frame averaging</td> </tr> <tr> <td>E1</td> <td>50</td> <td>None</td> <td>300</td> <td>125</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>E2</td> <td>80</td> <td>1 mm Al</td> <td>180</td> <td>125</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>E3</td> <td>120</td> <td>0.5 mm Cu</td> <td>120</td> <td>250</td> <td>4</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Data Post-Processing Before the scans were made, a dark current image and flat-field image were acquired for each scan setting. During the scans, dark current subtraction and flat-field correction were automatically applied to the X-ray projections by the measurement software. Data Contents This dataset contains the following files: <ul> <li>The raw projection data (.tif format) for each scan and a metadata file (.txt format) describing the measurement setup, with formatting that is both human-readable and machine-readable.</li> <li>Pre-created 2D sinograms for each energy level. The sinograms have been created from the central plane of the cone beam, which reduces to fan beam geometry. The sinograms are stored in Matlab's .mat file format in data structures which also contain metadata on the measurement.</li> <li>Photographs taken during the measurement process.</li> <li>Example filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstructions of the central plane of the phantom for each energy. The reconstructions were computed using the  Phoenix datos|x CT software provided with the microtomography scanner</li> </ul>   Research Group This dataset was produced by the Inverse Problems research group at the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki, Finland (<a href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/inverse-problems">https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/inverse-problems</a>) in collaboration with the Computational Physics and Inverse Problems research group at the University of Eastern Finland, Finland (<a href="https://sites.uef.fi/inverse">https://sites.uef.fi/inverse</a>) and the X-ray Laboratory at the Department of Physics at the University of Helsinki, Finland (<a href="https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/x-ray-laboratory">https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/x-ray-laboratory</a>).   Previous Use This dataset has been used in the following publications: Jussi Toivanen, Alexander Meaney, Samuli Siltanen, Ville Kolehmainen. Joint reconstruction in low dose multi-energy CT. Inverse Problems and Imaging, 2020, 14(4): 607-629. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3934/ipi.2020028" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.3934/ipi.2020028</a>. E. Cueva, A. Meaney, S. Siltanen, M. J. Ehrhardt. Synergistic multi-spectral CT reconstruction with directional total variation. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2021 Aug 23;379(2204):20200198. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0198">10.1098/rsta.2020.0198</a>.   Additional Links To get started with the data, we recommend looking at the HelTomo toolbox, specifically created for working with CBCT data collected by the Inverse Problems research group, and available at <a href="https://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/74417-heltomo-helsinki-tomography-toolbox">https://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/74417-heltomo-helsinki-tomography-toolbox</a>.   Acknowledgements We wish to thank laboratory engineer Heikki Suhonen for his guidance and assistance in conducting the measurements.   Contact Details For more information or guidance in using these datasets, please contact alexander.meaney [at] helsinki.fi.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

X-ray image reconstruction for continuous acquisitions with a generalized motion model: Data

This dataset contains two experimentally measured X-ray scans, one reference scan and one scan in which the object translates while rotating. The reference scan consists of 3600 projection images, with one flat field and dark field image. The roto-translational scan consists of 360 projections, also with a flat field and dark field image. The acquisition files containing all relevant specifications of the scanner and the acquisition settings are also supplied. The code for reconstruction is available at <a href="https://github.com/BenHuyge/RACE">GitHub.</a>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Exploiting the potential of neutron imaging measurements for life sciences applications at the neutron spallation source, ISIS, UK - Crabs X-ray CT

A ZIP file containing slices (in TIFF format) from a X-ray CT scan of crabs from the Eocene of Spain. Specimen was scanned on a Nikon Metrology HMX ST 225 system at the Natural History Museum, London, using a 1.0 mm thick copper filter, 225 kV voltage and 180 μA current, giving a tomographic dataset with a voxel size of 46 µm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

Images and supporting data for high-resolution μCT of a mouse embryo using a compact laser-driven x-ray betatron source

A high resolution x-ray CT scan of an embryonic mouse sample was performed with the betatron x-ray source produced by a laser wakefield accelerator. This data deposition includes all of the raw images of the mouse sample, information regarding their indexing, featured slices of the tomogram and some further raw data regarding the x-ray source characterisation.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Data for Laminography in the Lab: Imaging planar objects using a conventional x-ray CT scanner

This data accompanies the publication   Laminography in the Lab: Imaging planar objects using a conventional x-ray CT scanner by Sarah L Fisher, Danny J Holmes, Jakob S Jørgensen, Parmesh Gajjar, Julia Behnsen, William R B Lionheart and Philip J Withers Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2019 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aafcae">https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aafcae</a>     The computed laminography (CL) and limited angle CT (LACT) data sets for the lego sample of the paper are provided, including both raw projection data and the final reconstructions, a total of 4 files for each of the CL and LACT cases. The files are (for CL) CLProjectionData.zip: zip file with the raw projection images and meta data as produced by the Nikon instrument. CLShadingCorrection.zip: zip file containing dark and flat field images. CLreconstruction.mat: MATLAB mat-file with final CL reconstruction, size 798x798x200 voxels. CLreconstruction.vol: Same CL reconstruction but in a generic binary file that for example simplify the loading of data into Avizo.   The same set of files is available for the CT data. The CT data reconstruction has size 798x798x798.   Accompanying MATLAB reconstruction code is available from <a href="https://github.com/sarahfisher1/Laminography">https://github.com/sarahfisher1/Laminography</a>

X-ray tomography image data of a graphite foam block (KFoam) and tortuosity analysis

X-ray tomography (CT) image data of a graphite foam block (KFoam). The 3D image was generated with an X-ray tomography scan performed by Dr Llion Evans with Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility equipment, which was funded in part by the EPSRC (grants EP/F007906/1, EP/F001452/1 and EP/I02249X/1). The dataset includes: raw radiographs; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file; reconstructed 3D volume. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). The volume image data (NMT_15_229_LLME_DivInterlayer.raw) is in binary format and has the following characteristics: 1586 x 1567 x 1588; 8-bit; little-endian byte order. The second .zip file is a 200 x 200 x 200 subset of this dataset. This was used to perform a tortuosity analysis on the foam. This dataset includes three sets of tiff images; tomographic slices; binarised slices; skeletonised slices. It also includes an excel file with the results of the tortuosity analysis performed with ImageJ. This data was used originally for the following publications (please cite if re-using the data): Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Image based in silico characterisation of the effective thermal properties of a graphite foam”, Carbon, Vol. 143, pp. 542-558, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031</a> Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Improving modelling of complex geometries in novel materials using 3D imaging”, Proceedings of NEA International Workshop on Structural Materials for Innovative Nuclear Systems, Manchester, UK, July 2016. <a href="https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/smins4/documents/P1-18_LlME_SMINS4_paper_reviewed.pdf">https://www.oecd-nea.org/science/smins4/documents/P1-18_LlME_SMINS4_paper_reviewed.pdf</a>

X-ray tomography (CT) image data of tungsten fusion energy heat exchange components

X-ray tomography (CT) image data of tungsten fusion energy heat exchange components. The dataset includes images of four samples: <ul> <li>CCFE_MB_ROI (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy thermal break concept monoblock, region of interest sample)</li> <li>IPP_Wf-Cu (Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik tungsten fibre / copper matrix coolant pipe)</li> <li>ITER_HHFT_ROI (ITER reference monoblock which has undergone high heat flux testing, region of interest sample)</li> <li>ITER_MB_ROI (ITER reference monoblock, region of interest sample)</li> </ul> This data was used originally for the following publication (please cite if re-using the data) where further details on the data may be obtained: Ll.M. Evans, L. Margetts, P.D. Lee, C.A.M. Butler, E. Surrey, “Image based in silico characterisation of the effective thermal properties of a graphite foam”, Carbon, Vol. 143, pp. 542-558, 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.031</a> Each of the sample directories include reconstructed slices in Tiff format. To visualise the 3D volume use software such as ImageJ (https://imagej.net/Fiji/Downloads). CCFE_MB_ROI also includes raw radiographs; scan & reconstruction parameter settings file. A Neutron CT version of this data is available for comparison: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533418">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533418</a> Image-based simulation (IBSim) meshes were generated directly from these datasets: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533422">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3533422</a>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

X-ray tomography 3D image dataset of natural fibre reinforced polypropylene

Natural fibre composites have potential sustainability benefits over traditional composites, but their irregular shapes and mechanical properties require more thorough examination compared to glass or carbon fibre composites. 3D X-ray imaging allows for non-destructive examination of the structure and shape. The dataset includes 3D images obtained using micro X-ray computed tomography of natural fibre composites. The images provide valuable insights into the material's characteristics. Since there is limited open-access 3D image data on natural fibre composites, this dataset lays the groundwork for future image analysis and numerical modelling.

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 54. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; a–e, g, h) and synchrotron x-ray microscopy (SRXTM; f, i) images of unnamed angiosperm fruits and seeds; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Follicle sp. 1, narrow elongate follicle with sessile and decurrent stigma; b) Follicle sp. 2, broad, dehisced follicle with elongate and transverse fibers lining the locule; c) Angiosperm seed sp. 1 with thin, smooth seed coat; d) Angiosperm seed sp. 2 with verrucate seed coat; e) Angiosperm seed sp. 3 with exotestal and foveolate seed coat; f) Angiosperm seed sp. 4 with smooth seed coat; g, h) Angiosperm seed sp. 5 with raised epidermal cells forming a reticulate pattern; i) Wedge-shaped angiosperm fruit with remains of floral parts near apex. Specimens, TV43-S136726 (a), TV44-S148144 (b), TV43-S170074 (c), TV43-S136747 (d), TV43-S170073 (e), TV38-S174615 (f), TV44-S148003 (g), TV44-S148004 (h), TV43-S174685 (i). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–i).

Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 50. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a flower and mature carpels of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov.; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; multicarpellate flower showing numerous carpels surrounded by remains of the androecium and perianth; note the bract subtending the flower (arrowhead); b, c) Longitudinal sections perpendicular to section in (f) (b, SRXTM orthoslice xz0461) and (c, SRXTM cut voltex xz0540-0580) showing receptacle, carpels and remains of the androecium and perianth; note prominent cavities formed by the oil cells, subtending bract (arrow) and bract subtending fragmentary bud (arrowhead); d, e) Apical (d) and lateral (e) views of gynoecium showing laterally flattened carpels and dorsi-ventrally flattened stamen or staminode (* in e); f) Longitudinal section (SRXTM orthoslice yz0405) of gynoecium showing conical receptacle and carpels with densely spaced oil cells; g, h) Mature carpel of Reyanthus lusitanicus gen. et sp. nov. showing slightly curved form, rounded apex and base that tapers toward the attachment to the receptacle; i) Surface of carpel showing embedded oil cells; j) Transverse section through three carpels showing attachment of developing ovules near the ventral sutures and oil cells in the wall just below the surface (SRXTM cut voltex xy0770-0845). Specimens TV299-S136716 (holotype; a–f), TV299-S136717 (g–j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f–h), 150 Μm (e, j), 30 Μm (i).

Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 24. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (a, c, d) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images (b, e) of fruits and seeds of Serialis antiqua (a, b) and Serialis parva (c–e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Serialis antiqua lateral view of fruit showing smooth partly abraded fruit wall (a) and longitudinal section (b, SRXTM orthoslice yz0862) showing six closely adhering seeds, some of which are mature with well-preserved nutritive tissue; c–e) Serialis parva lateral view of fruit showing faint ribs (c), finely pitted seed surface with undulate anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (d), and transverse section showing two closely adhering seeds (SRXTM orthoslice xy0913, e). Specimens, TV43-S174480 (a, b), TV43-S170076 (c), TV43-S170079 (d), TV43-S174477 (e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c, e), 50 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 19. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; d, e) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM; a–c) images of a seed of Kvacekispermum costatum sp. nov. (a–c) and Kvacekispermum sp. (d, e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Isolated, abraded seeds showing densely spaced longitudinal ridges; c) Detail of abraded seed in (b) showing surface of endotesta with imprints of crystals; d) Isolated, abraded seed showing longitudinal ridges; e) Abraded seed surface showing surface of endotesta with imprints of crystals. Specimens, TV44-S174098 (holotype; a), TV38-S174099 (b, c), TV43-S174612 (d, e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d), 50 Μm (c, e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 19. Scanning electron microscope (SEM; d, e) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM; a–c) images of a seed of Kvacekispermum costatum sp. nov. (a–c) and Kvacekispermum sp. (d, e); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Isolated, abraded seeds showing densely spaced longitudinal ridges; c) Detail of abraded seed in (b) showing surface of endotesta with imprints of crystals; d) Isolated, abraded seed showing longitudinal ridges; e) Abraded seed surface showing surface of endotesta with imprints of crystals. Specimens, TV44-S174098 (holotype; a), TV38-S174099 (b, c), TV43-S174612 (d, e). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d), 50 Μm (c, e).