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4,028 results for “Behaviour”
Fig. 1 in Nymphal behaviour and lerp construction in the mopane psyllid Retroacizzia mopani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Fig. 1. Mean body length of the various instars of Retroacizzia mopani (bars indicate standard deviation).
Fig. 2 in Nymphal behaviour and lerp construction in the mopane psyllid Retroacizzia mopani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Fig. 2. Distribution of lerps of different R. mopani nymphal instars on main veins of the Colophospermum mopane leaf.
Figs 2–5 in Description of a new species of Cladomelea bolas-spider from South Africa, with notes on its behaviour (Araneae: Araneidae)
Figs 2–5. Cladomelea debeeri sp. n. 2. Abdominal tubercle with tuft of setae. 3. Cephalothorax, anterior view. 4. Outline of body, lateral view. 5. Epigynum. 6. Egg sacs.
Fig 1 in Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of the Seychelles theraphosid Nesiergus insulanus (Arachnida: Araneae: Theraphosidae)
Fig 1. Map of Frégate Island, sampling sites indicated by white dots (adapted from Google Earth, DigitalGlobe map data 2015).
Fig 2 in Aspects of the ecology and behaviour of the Seychelles theraphosid Nesiergus insulanus (Arachnida: Araneae: Theraphosidae)
Fig 2. Female Nesiergus insulanus with egg sac in burrow and displaying defensive behaviour type: immobility-body cover.
Figs 1–5 in Unusual behaviour - unusual morphology: mutualistic relationships between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Diaphorina enderleini (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), associated with Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae)
Figs 1–5. Fifth instar larva of Diaphorina enderleini: (1) habitus, dorsal surface left, ventral surface right; (2) detail of forewing pad, outer margin; (3) antenna; (4) tarsus with claws and tarsal arolium; (5) caudal plate, dorsal surface left, ventral surface right.
Figs 6–10. Ants attending D in Unusual behaviour - unusual morphology: mutualistic relationships between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Diaphorina enderleini (Hemiptera: Psylloidea), associated with Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae)
Figs 6–10. Ants attending D. enderleini on V. amygdalina leaves: (6) shelter enclosing psyllid larvae and Pheidole megacephala workers; (7) psyllid females and eggs with P. megacephala workers; (8) psyllid females and larvae with Crematogaster striatula workers and carton shelter's remains; (9) psyllid females and eggs with Camponotus acvapimensis workers; (10) psyllid larvae with Myrmicaria opaciventris workers.
Supporting information for "Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: Polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit re-entrant swelling behaviour"
<p>This deposition contains the data and analysis (Jupyter notebooks) detailed in "Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: Polyelectrolyte brushes exhibit re-entrant swelling behaviour". All Jupyter notebooks have also been converted into PDF files for ease of viewing. </p> <p>All data and code (notebooks) required to reproduce the analysis can be found within the “supporting_data.zip” archive. This archive contains three sub-directories: </p> <p><strong>Spectroscopic_ellipsometry</strong> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Data directory (data_files) containing all raw ellipsometry data. </p> </li> <li> <p>“PMETAC_wet_analysis.ipynb” notebooks to reproduce the analysis of a hydrated (solid-liquid) polymer brush. Further relevant plotting tools can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/refnx/refellips">refellips</a> repo. </p> </li> <li> <p>“PMETAC_dry.ipynb” notebook to reproduce the analysis of the dry polymer film and create the areal maps. </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Neutron_reflectometry</strong> </p> <ul> <li> <p>Data directory (NamedData) containing all relevant reduced reflectivity profiles from the Platypus reflectometry at ANSTO. </p> </li> <li> <p>“NR_dry.ipynb”, “NR_Solid-Liquid.ipynb” notebooks required to reproduce the analysis pertaining to a dry polymer brush and a solvated brush, respectively. </p> </li> <li> <p>“NR_Solid-Liquid_corefine.ipynb” notebook for reproducing the simultaneous optimisation of the PMETAC brush in D2O and H2O: co-refinement. </p> </li> <li> <p>Additional code required to model the hydrated polymer brush and various plotting tools can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/igresh/refnxtoolbox">refnxtoolbox</a> repo and the <a href="https://github.com/refnx/refnx">refnx</a> repo. </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>nSCFT </strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Files containing the polymer, ion, and solvent VF profiles from nSCFT calculations. </p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Data of "Pen mates' interactions, potential precursors of damaging behaviours, object manipulation, straw rooting, and primary activity: A detailed data set in undocked pigs under dietary protein restriction"
<p>Damaging behaviours, such as tail biting, are common problems in pig production, compromising animal welfare and causing economic losses. Detailed studies are impeded by the difficulty of directly observing these behaviours. Tail biting is a broader phenomenon that begins long before lesions manifest, and behavioural problems caused by various stressors present themselves weeks before they escalate to damaging behaviour, resulting in serious injuries. Therefore, detailed data on behaviours, which can be considered precursors of tail biting, such as oral and nasal manipulation of conspecifics, should be collected. The present data were collected in the course of a large study on the genetic potential of protein efficiency, in which the crude protein content in the diet was reduced to 80% of the recommendations. Dietary protein reduction is a promising way to reduce nitrogen emissions in pig manure, but its implications for animal welfare are not yet clear. Pigs differ phenotypically and genetically in their ability to utilise dietary proteins; therefore, there might be individual differences in how they cope with the protein reduction. Here, we present detailed data of focal observations of 95 pigs at an experimental farm with undocked tails that were fed a protein-reduced diet. Pigs were observed directly in their home pens for 5 min each on four different days. All actions directed towards objects in the pen, interactions with and confrontations among pen mates, and straw rooting behaviour and general activity were recorded. After the behavioural observations, wounds on different parts of the body and the cleanliness of the pigs were noted. The protein efficiency of 94 pigs was obtained. The data set comprises six tables. The first table contains information on the animals, including the identities of their parents, farrowing group, sex, and protein efficiency. The other data tables contain four 5-min observations of each pig on 10 object-manipulation behaviours; 150 interaction behaviours, including reactions; 14 confrontation behaviours and their outcomes and reactions; 10 mounting behaviours, including reactions; two rooting behaviours; seven basic behaviours; and an index of general activity. The observations took place under comparatively good housing conditions. Pigs were not tail-docked and were given fresh straw daily, <em>ad libitum</em> access to feed, floor space above the legal requirements (only a partially slatted floor), and daily cleaning of pens, and they were closely monitored for signs of damaging behaviour; all of these are favourable conditions as they limit stress and the risk of damaging behaviour. These data can be used to further explore the relationships of specific behaviours and phenomena and their association with protein efficiency. The ethogram can be used as a template for further observations. Practitioners could use the data to support pigs’ need for occupation, such as by providing sufficient straw.</p>
Supplementary data and videos for "'Freezing' in Pachyoliva semistriata (Caenogastropoda: Olividae) is induced olfactorily by its main predator and differs from unspecific avoidance behaviour"
<p> </p><p>The eight supplementary video and data files available below accompany my article, "'Freezing' in <i>Pachyoliva semistriata</i> (Caenogastropoda: Olividae) is induced olfactorily by its main predator and differs from unspecific avoidance behaviour", published in <i>Archiv für Molluskenkunde</i> <strong>152:</strong> 25-33 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/152/025-033.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Supplementary Data 1.</strong> Numerical data used in creating Figure 3.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 1.</strong> Two examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> freezing upon encountering tracks of <i>Agaronia propatula</i>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 2.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> showing no response to stimulation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 3.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> showing irritation responses.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 4.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> turning when stimulated.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 5.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> burrowing when stimulated.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 6.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> showing the freeze response.</p><p><strong>Supplementary Video 7.</strong> Three examples of <i>P. semistriata</i> showing active flight responses.</p>
Variation in foraging activity influences area-restricted search behaviour by bottlenose dolphins
<p>Area-restricted search (ARS) behaviour is commonly used to characterise spatio-temporal variation in foraging activity of predators, but evidence of the drivers underlying this behaviour in marine systems is sparse. Advances in underwater sound recording techniques and automated processing of acoustic data now provide opportunities to investigate these questions where species use different vocalisations when encountering prey. Here, we used passive acoustics to investigate drivers of ARS behaviour in a population of dolphins, to determine if residency in key foraging areas increased following encounters with prey. Analyses were based on two independent proxies of foraging: echolocation buzzes (widely used as foraging proxies), and bray calls (vocalizations linked to salmon predation attempts). Echolocation buzzes were extracted from echolocation data loggers and bray calls from broadband recordings by a convolutional neural network (CNN). We found a strong positive relationship between the duration of encounters and the frequency of both foraging proxies, supporting the theory that bottlenose dolphins engage in ARS behaviour in response to higher prey encounter rates. This study provides empirical evidence for one driver of ARS behaviour and demonstrates the potential for applying passive acoustic monitoring in combination with deep learning-based techniques to investigate the behaviour of vocal animals. </p>
Temperature and turbidity interact synergistically to alter anti-predator behaviour in the Trinidadian guppy
<p>Due to climate change, freshwater habitats are facing increasing temperatures and more extreme weather that disrupts water flow. Together with eutrophication and sedimentation from farming, quarrying and urbanisation, freshwaters are becoming more turbid as well as warmer. Predators and prey need to be able to respond to one another adaptively, yet how changes in temperature and turbidity interact to affect predator-prey behaviour remains unexplored. Using a fully factorial design, we tested the combined effects of increased temperature and turbidity on the behaviour of guppy shoals (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>) in the presence of one of their natural cichlid predators, the blue acara (<em>Andinoacara</em> <em>pulcher</em>). Our results demonstrate that the prey and predator were in closest proximity in warmer, turbid water, with an interaction between these stressors showing a greater than additive effect. There was also an interaction between the stressors in the inter-individual distances between the prey, where shoal cohesion increased with temperature in clear water, but decreased when temperature increased in turbid water. The closer proximity to predators and reduction in shoaling in turbid, warmer water may increase the risk of predation for the guppy, suggesting that the combined effects of elevated temperature and turbidity may favour predators rather than prey.</p>
Probono - Systematic Review - Energy-related behaviours of building occupants.
<p>This database covers the relevant literature on energy-related behaviours of building occupants, based on a systematic interrogation of existing research from 2018-2022. Data is collected and presented on the study location, research method, building type and type of occupants, occcupants behaviour, etc. This dababase allows for investigating where occupant behaviours are likely to be most prevalent and targetable for future research in Probono.</p>
Data and code for "Turning tables: food availability shapes dynamic aggressive behaviour among asynchronously hatching siblings in red kites Milvus milvus"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Aggression represents the backbone of dominance acquisition in several animal societies, where the decision to interact is dictated by its relative cost. Among siblings, such costs are weighted in the light of inclusive fitness, but how this translates to aggression patterns in response to changing external and internal conditions remains unclear. Using a null-model-based approach, we investigate how day-to-day changes in food provisioning affect aggression networks and food allocation in growing red kite (<em>Milvus milvus</em>) nestlings, whose dominance rank is largely dictated by age. We show that older siblings, irrespective of age, change from targeting only close-aged peers (close-competitor pattern) when food provisioning is low, to uniformly attacking all other peers (downward heuristic pattern) as food conditions improve. While food allocation was generally skewed towards the older siblings, the youngest sibling in the nest increased its probability of accessing food as more was provisioned and as downward heuristic patterns became more prominent, suggesting that different aggression patterns allow for catch-up growth after periods of low food. Our results indicate that dynamic aggression patterns within the nest modulate environmental effects on juvenile development by influencing the process of dominance acquisition and potentially impacting the fledging body condition, with far-reaching fitness consequences.</p>
Accounting for behaviour in fine-scale habitat selection: a case study highlighting methodological intricacies
<p>Data for the article “Accounting for behaviour in fine-scale habitat selection: a case study highlighting methodological intricacies”</p> <p>By LT Beumer, NMS Schmidt, J Pohle, J Signer, M Chimienti, JP Desforges, LH Hansen, SH Pedersen, DA Rudd, M Stelvig, FM van Beest</p> <p>The data set includes five files: A readme file describing the data files, and four data files accompanying the above publication.</p> <p>For further queries please contact Larissa T. Beumer: ltbeumer@gmail.com</p> <p> </p>
Extending the application of connectivity metrics within the framework of the characterization of the dynamic behaviour of a WDS subjected to users' activity
<p>Water distribution networks (WDNs) are complex combinations of nodes and links, and the current tendency is to modify their topological structure through the closure of isolation valves for monitoring and water quality reasons. For their analysis, several approaches based on graph theory have recently been proposed, mainly considering steady-state flow conditions. However, in their real functioning, WDNs are continuously subjected to pressure transients generated by manoeuvres on regulation devices or by users’ activity. This study investigates the application of some metrics from graph theory, already used in the context of steady-state analysis, for assessing the effects of changes in the topological structure of a network ‒ due for example to sectorization or branching operations ‒ on its transient response when subjected to manoeuvres on devices such as hydrants, pumps, etc. or users’ activity. The analysis shows that some connectivity metrics can effectively reflect the dynamic pressure behaviour of the network and, thus, provide useful indications for design and management operations taking into account unsteady flow features.</p>
Genetic architecture of dispersal behaviour in the post-harvest pest and model organism Tribolium castaneum
<p>Dispersal behaviour is an important aspect of the life-history of animals. However, the genetic architecture of dispersal related traits is often obscure or unknown, even in well studied species.<em> Tribolium castaneum</em> is a globally significant post-harvest pest and established model organism, yet studies of its dispersal have shown ambiguous results and the genetic basis of this behaviour remains unresolved. We combine experimental evolution and agent-based modelling to investigate the number of loci underlying dispersal in <em>T.castaneum</em>, and whether the trait is sex-linked. Our findings demonstrate rapid evolution of dispersal behaviour under selection. We find no evidence of sex-biases in the dispersal behaviour of the offspring of crosses, supporting an autosomal genetic basis of the trait. Moreover, simulated data approximates experimental data under simulated scenarios where the dispersal trait is controlled by one or few loci, but not many loci. Levels of dispersal in experimentally inbred lines, compared with simulations, indicate that a single locus model is not well supported. Taken together, these lines of evidence support an oligogenic architecture underlying dispersal in <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. These results have implications for applied pest management and for our understanding of the evolution of dispersal in the coleoptera, the world's most species-rich order.</p>
Dataset used for upcoming paper: The effects of commercially-relevant disturbances on sleep behaviour in laying hens
<p>2 Excel .csv files for statistical analysis using R-Studio. The first is a constants file for temporal coding, the second is the raw data.</p>
Sex-specific effects of psychoactive pollution on behavioural individuality and plasticity in fish
<p>The global rise of pharmaceutical contaminants in the aquatic environment poses a serious threat to ecological and evolutionary processes. Studies have traditionally focused on the collateral (average) effects of psychoactive pollutants on ecologically-relevant behaviours of wildlife, often neglecting effects among and within individuals, and whether they differ between males and females. We tested whether psychoactive pollutants have sex-specific effects on behavioural individuality and plasticity in guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), a freshwater species that inhabits contaminated waterways in the wild. Fish were exposed to fluoxetine (Prozac) for two years across multiple generations before their activity and stress-related behaviour were repeatedly assayed. Using a Bayesian statistical approach that partitions the effects among and within individuals, we found that males—but not females—in fluoxetine-exposed populations differed less from each other in their behaviour (lower behavioural individuality) than unexposed males. In sharp contrast, effects on behavioural plasticity were observed in females—but not in males—whereby exposure to even low levels of fluoxetine resulted in a substantial decrease (activity) and increase (freezing behaviour) in the behavioural plasticity of females. Our evidence reveals that psychoactive pollution has sex-specific effects on the individual behaviour of fish, suggesting that males and females might not be equally vulnerable to global pollutants.</p>
Immune challenge affects reproductive behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Immunocompetence and reproductive success are among the most important determinants of fitness in animals. However, energetic and metabolic constraints create conflict between these two priorities. The trade-off between immunity and reproductive fitness has been the subject of great scientific interest over many decades. While a number of studies exploring the relationship between immune activity and reproductive fitness/behaviour have been conducted using birds and mammals inoculated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS), relatively few have focussed on fish. This presents a conspicuous gap in our understanding of how immune activity affects reproduction in vertebrates more generally. Fish have been experimentally neglected in this area due, in part, to the claim that fish are largely resistant to the immune effects of endotoxins, and thus presumably suffer negligible behavioural effects. While the immune response to endotoxins may differ somewhat between fish and terrestrial vertebrates, the findings here suggest that they are nonetheless susceptible to significant behavioural effects with respect to reproduction. In this study, we show that although immune challenge does not suppress general activity in male guppies, it significantly reduces reproductive effort. As such, it is important to expand the examination of these processes to a greater diversity of vertebrate species, including fish.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.