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1,630 results for “Occupations”
Data from: Using areas of known occupancy to identify sources of variation in detection probability of raptors: taking time lowers replication effort for surveys
Species occurring at low density can be difficult to detect and if not properly accounted for, imperfect detection will lead to inaccurate estimates of occupancy. Understanding sources of variation in detection probability and how they can be managed is a key part of monitoring. We used sightings data of a low-density and elusive raptor (white-headed vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis) in areas of known occupancy (breeding territories) in a likelihood-based modelling approach to calculate detection probability and the factors affecting it. Because occupancy was known a priori to be 100%, we fixed the model occupancy parameter to 1.0 and focused on identifying sources of variation in detection probability. Using detection histories from 359 territory visits, we assessed nine covariates in 29 candidate models. The model with the highest support indicated that observer speed during a survey, combined with temporal covariates such as time of year and length of time within a territory, had the highest influence on the detection probability. Averaged detection probability was 0.207 (s.e. 0.033) and based on this the mean number of visits required to determine within 95% confidence that white-headed vultures are absent from a breeding area is 13 (95% CI: 9–20). Topographical and habitat covariates contributed little to the best models and had little effect on detection probability. We highlight that low detection probabilities of some species means that emphasizing habitat covariates could lead to spurious results in occupancy models that do not also incorporate temporal components. While variation in detection probability is complex and influenced by effects at both temporal and spatial scales, temporal covariates can and should be controlled as part of robust survey methods. Our results emphasize the importance of accounting for detection probability in occupancy studies, particularly during presence/absence studies for species such as raptors that are widespread and occur at low densities.
Data from: A multi-state dynamic occupancy model to estimate local colonization-extinction rates and patterns of co-occurrence between two or more interacting species
1. Although ecology is rife with theory that explores how multiple species co-occur through space and time, the field lacks robust statistical models to parameterize this theory with empirical data, particularly when species are detected imperfectly and data are collected as a time-series. 2. We address this need by developing an occupancy model that estimates local colonization and extinction rates for two or more interacting species when data are collected across multiple sampling occasions. This model estimates how community composition at a site may change across sampling occasions by assuming the latent occupancy state is a categorical random variable. We used a multinomial-logit model to parameterize species-specific parameters and pairwise interactions between species, both of which can be made a function of covariates. These transition probabilities between community states can then be converted to occupancy or co-occurrence probabilities to determine how community composition varies along an environmental gradient or through time. 3. As an example, we estimate patterns of co-occurrence between coyote (Canis latrans), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoon (Procyon lotor) in Chicago, Illinois, USA with data from a multi-year camera trapping study. Models with pairwise interactions between species greatly out performed models that assumed independence between species. Opossum and raccoon, for example, were far less likely to go extinct in habitat patches where coyotes were present. 4. Community composition at a site depends on species interactions and the local environment. Our model can separate such effects by estimating the underlying processes that define species occurrence patterns. As a result, our model can more explicitly quantify a wide range of ecological dynamics and therefore be used to empirically test ecological theory, such as estimating priority effects at a site or turnover rates between species, both of which can be made to vary as a function of covariates.
Variability and Temporality of Lithic Production in Epipaleolithic to Early Neolithic Occupations at Cova del Vidre (Catalonia, Spain)
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POHIS-PROCEEDINGS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
<p><strong>PROCEEDINGS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY</strong></p>
POHIS-PROCEEDINGS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
<h1>POHIS-PROCEEDINGS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY</h1>
Primary data for Influence of band occupation on electron-phonon coupling in gold
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Figure 2 in Occupation dynamics and nesting behaviours of Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in artificial shelters
Figure 2. Histogram of the permanence time of Xylocopa frontalis females in the bee shelters.
Mini-acoustic sensors reveal occupancy and threats to koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in private native forests
<p>1. Forests on private land have a wide range of uses that span activities such as recreation, primary production and nature conservation. Traditionally, it has been difficult for researchers to access private land to undertake systematic surveys. We used mini-acoustic sensors (Audiomoth) mailed via the postal service to overcome landholder concerns about researchers accessing private property, with a focus on properties used for private native forestry.</p> <p>2. We surveyed koalas, an iconic threatened marsupial, in north-east New South Wales, Australia using passive acoustics, with repeat surveys over consecutive nights to account for imperfect detection in an occupancy modelling framework.</p> <p>3. Over three years, we surveyed 128 sites and recorded 2,560 male bellows. Detection probability over seven nights was high (>0.79), but varied substantially between years, due to use of different sensors, housings and weather conditions. After accounting for detection probability, modelling revealed that koalas commonly occupied private native forests of the study region (probability of occupancy = 0.58±0.08).</p> <p>4. Occupancy was modelled against several covariates and it varied with the landscape extent of sealed roads (-ve), NDVI (-ve) and a habitat suitability model (+ve, but minor). There was no support for occupancy in private forests to be related to a range of other factors including extent of surrounding cleared land, timber harvesting history, fire and other measured habitat features.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that mini-acoustic recorders mailed to landholders were a highly effective method for assessing koala occupancy on private land and the approach could be deployed more widely for a range of species. Private native forests in partly cleared landscapes are commonly occupied by koalas, highlighting that practices seeking to balance conservation and production should be encouraged.</p>
Occupancy_Dataset
<p>Occupancy_Dataset</p>
Multi-state diel occupancy model
<p>Current methods to model species habitat use through space and diel time are limited. Development of such models is critical when considering rapidly changing habitats where species are forced to adapt to anthropogenic change, often by shifting their diel activity across space. We use an occupancy modeling framework to specify the multi-state diel occupancy model (MSDOM), which can evaluate species diel activity against continuous response variables which may impact diel activity within and across seasons or years. We used two case studies, fosa in Madagascar and coyote in Chicago, USA, to conceptualize the application of this model and to quantify the impacts of human activity on species spatial use in diel time. We found support that both species varied their habitat use by diel states—in and across years, and by human disturbance. Our results exemplify the importance of understanding animal diel activity patterns and how human disturbance can lead to temporal habitat loss. The MSDOM will allow more focused attention in ecology and evolution studies on the importance of the short temporal scale of diel time in animal-habitat relationships and lead to improved habitat conservation and management.</p>
PROHIS - Proceedings of Occupational Health & Industrial Safety
<p>PROHIS - Proceedings of Occupational Health & Industrial Safety</p>
Data and Sourcecode from: Neural Network-based Occupancy Detection on the Edge
<div> <h2>Environmental Data Collected for Data-Driven Occupancy Detection</h2> <h3>Version Information</h3> <p>v1.0: Holds repository alongside the dataset inside<br>v2.0: Holds dataset in a seperate zip folder</p> <h3>Dataset Information</h3> <div>The following data is collected from LoRa sensors of two rooms for a period of three months in an office building on the ground floor in Graz, Austria:</div> <div> <ul> <li>Open status of windows/doors</li> <li>Relative humidity</li> <li>CO2 concentration</li> <li>Ambient temperature</li> <li>PIR-based motion counter</li> <li>Light level</li> <li>IR-based occupancy (only room A)</li> <li>Average/peak sound level</li> <li>Radar-based people counter (left-to-right and right-to-left; only room A; <em><strong>no</strong> trustworthy ground truth!</em>)</li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> <div>Folder Organization in occupancy-detection-dataset.zip</div> <br> <div> ├── data</div> <div> │ ├── interim <- Intermediate data of room A and B that has been transformed.</div> <div> │ └── raw <- The original, immutable sensor data dump of room A and B.</div> <br><br> <div><strong>Raw Data</strong></div> <div>Raw sensor data of room A and B consisting of six and two work places respectively. Data is gathered in an interval of five minutes.</div> <br> <div>Note:</div> <ul> <li>Timezone ist UTC+00:00.</li> <li>Column "occupancy" in df_features.csv refers to IR based occupancy sensor from Elsys ERS Eye (Possible values 0-2).</li> <li>Column "motion" in df_features.csv refers to a PIR based motion counter.</li> <li>IR-based occupancy is not measured in room B.</li> </ul> <br> <div><strong>Intermediate Data</strong></div> <div>Event-based (door and window sensors) and interval based (humidity, CO2, temperature, ....) data is synchronized to retrieve a homogenous data set.</div> <div>Window columns are merged to represent the number of open windows. Nothing else was applied to the data.</div> <br> <div><strong>Ground Truth</strong></div> <div>Image-based occupancy ground truth data is separated in a file (df_occ.csv).</div> <div>It describes the number of occupants at a certain time stamp provided from images (manually labelled).</div> <h3>References</h3> <p>Coming soon.</p> </div>
FIGURE 1 in Diet of Dendropsophus microcephalus and Scarthyla vigilans (Anura: Hylidae) at a locality in north-western Venezuela with notes on microhabitat occupation
FIGURE 1: Principal components analysis of diet composition of Dendropsophus microcephalus and Scarthyla vigilans. (A) Based on numeric composition (number of items per prey category), (B) Based on volumetric composition (volume of each prey category). x: S. vigilans, +: D. microcephalus.
Human DNA Binding Protein PIF + Z48847594 (OCCUPANCY 0.7)
<p>Raw data for <span>PDB</span> ID 9FI9 from crystal x0076.</p>
Data from: Impact of spatial variation of a crucial prey, the molecricket, on hoopoe territory occupancy and reproduction
Direct benefits accrued from securing a territory of sufficient quality are important determinants of individual fitness and population persistence. Food supply is one of the main factors of animal territory quality, with spatial and temporal variation in prey availability largely dictating reproductive output and thus population dynamics. In a Swiss hoopoe population, molecrickets Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, the most profitable prey locally, can constitute most of the food biomass delivered to chicks by parents. We first investigated the impact of molecricket prey on hoopoes' fitness-related traits by quantifying the spatial variation in the food allocation pattern of both male and female parents to chicks across the whole population range; and second, analysed the impact of this prey on current reproduction and, using a 11 yr dataset, on the temporal occupancy rate of each territory. We found considerable but spatially repeatable variation, over the years, of molecricket biomass in the diet provisioned to chicks. This spatial heterogeneity in chicks' diet composition was mirrored both in the history of territory occupancy (2002–2012) and in current reproductive success (2012). Territories with a greater biomass of molecrickets in chicks' diet produced more fledglings in better body condition. Yet, these effects on current reproduction were exclusively demonstrated for male parents, corroborating that paternal provisioning patterns play a predominant role in hoopoe reproductive success. This study demonstrates how a single, very profitable prey species might affect spatial variation in territory settlement and individual reproductive success in a regionally endangered bird species, with potential consequences for its population dynamics and persistence.
Data from: Direct and indirect effects of pine silviculture on the larval occupancy and breeding of declining amphibian species
1. Plantation silviculture is increasing globally and is particularly intensive in temperate coniferous forests, where densely planting trees requires practices common to non-conifer systems that can alter forest floor microhabitat, and potentially threaten amphibian persistence. Most declining amphibian species depend on specific forest microhabitats as terrestrial refugia, but amphibian extirpation associated with tree harvest alone appears unlikely, suggesting that impacts of planting forests on groundcover might better predict recent declines in amphibian occupancy. 2. We repeatedly sampled larval presence or absence of 10 amphibian species native to temperate coniferous forest in the Southeastern United States for one year at 62 isolated wetlands located in either naturally regenerating or planted forest (plantation) to assess three direct ways that planted forests might reduce amphibian breeding site occupancy by: 1) increasing conifer densities, 2) decreasing groundcover, and 3) an indirect pathway, whereby increased tree densities at plantations might reduce groundcover and thus amphibian site occupancy. 3. After controlling for wetland traits and accounting for differences in detection, breeding site occupancy for 8/10 amphibian species was dependent upon whether forests were planted surrounding wetlands (within 300 m). Herbaceous groundcover, not canopy, most commonly influenced occupancy and increased occupancy for declining surface active or fossorial amphibians. 4. Path analyses showed that, by directly and indirectly reducing groundcover (via conifer densities), plantations had significantly lower occupancy of two declining surface active or fossorial frog species, whereas two common aquatic frog species were tolerant to planting conifers. Among declining species, salamanders showed a greater reduction in occupancy than anurans, likely because of greater vulnerability to the drier forest floor conditions of plantation than naturally regenerating forests. 5. Synthesis and applications: Direct negative impacts of coniferous plantation on amphibians can be addressed by limiting groundcover and soil impacts, including switching from high intensity practices, such as mechanical chopping vegetation or bedding soil, to lower intensity site preparation treatments that are less likely to significantly disturb groundcover. Indirect negative effects of dense canopy cover at planted forests could be lowered by periodically thinning canopies prior to final harvest, thus increasing intact forest groundcover and the conservation of both common and declining amphibians.
Figure 2 in Pattern of shell occupation by the hermit crab Pagurus exilis (Anomura, Paguridae) on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil
Figure 2. Pagurus exilis: percentage of the four most occupied shells as a function of the hermit crab size frequency distribution (numbers above columns represent number of individuals in each size class).
INSIGHT INTO THE INDIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY PRACTICES
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To obtain an insight into the present situation of Occupational Therapy as a profession in India. considering the professional experiences, documentation, and availability of Occupational therapy resources.</p> <p><strong>Design: </strong>The online survey was conducted using a single-phase, cross-sectional design.</p> <p><strong>Participants: </strong>Convenience sampling, Occupational Therapy Professionals, having a minimum of 6 months working experience. Approximately 1700+ potential respondents were approached via social media and E-mails. Only 60 responses were recorded, however, out of 60, three responses did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 1 response because of deliberately misleading details was excluded, therefore leaving only 56 responses for consideration.</p> <p>The primary outcome measure was to report about the present scenario in occupational therapy practices in India and to understand the current occupational therapy industry across India.</p> <p><strong>Result: </strong>After analyzing responses findings were that Occupational Therapy practices in the country were skewed to domains of pediatrics. SOAP notes were chosen as leading methods of documentation, and a large number of Occupational therapy professionals felt that there is scarcity and lacunae in the availability and provision of Occupational therapy equipment and prescription aid in their regions, in India, and also on online market palaces.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a country like India, the skewing of most of the Occupational therapy professionals to domains of ‘pediatrics’ and ‘rehabilitation & disability may be a major cause in restriction of growth of profession on whole. Also, introducing Occupational Therapy assistants in the Indian Context should be considered for the growth of the profession and to concord with WFOT's QI framework.</p> <p>URL: https://www.ijsr.net/get_abstract.php?paper_id=SR21922211507</p>
Dataset for "Offer and occupation of residency vacancies in family and community medicine in Brazil, 2020"
<p>Anonymized dataset on the residency programs in family and community medicine in Brazil, 2020, including a data dictionary. The CSV files with semi-colon as separator, codified with UTF-8, and written in Portuguese.</p> <p> </p> <p>Dados anonimizados sobre os programas de residência em medicina de família e comunidade do Brasil em 2020, incluindo um dicionário de dados. Arquivos CSV codificados, usando ponto-e-vírgula como separador, e codificados em UTF-8.</p>
Multiple-component Workplace FRamed Intervention to Decrease Occupational Muscle Pain - FRIDOM
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02843269. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
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