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1,316 results for “Trade”
Self trade
<p>Country's trade in goods with self. Production - exports. See Free4 Readme for details.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
FIGURE 6. Bulbophyllum dasystachys (Thailand, Khaoyai National Park, Tripetch s.n., 25/11/2007). Photo: P. Tripetch
FIGURE 4. Bulbophyllum dasystachys. A. Plant. B. Flower. C in Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
FIGURE 4. Bulbophyllum dasystachys. A. Plant. B. Flower. C. Flower analysis, from left to right: median sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip. D. Lip, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side. E. Column and lip, lateral view. F. Anther, left: adaxial side, right: abaxial side. G. Pollinia, above: single pair, below: two pairs (origin unknown, Vermeulen 3144, cult. Christiansen). Illustration: J.J. Vermeulen
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum anodon. A. Plant. B. Flower. C in Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum anodon. A. Plant. B. Flower. C. Flower analysis, from left to right: median sepal, petal, lateral sepal, lip. D. Lip, above: adaxial side, below: abaxial side. E. Column and lip, lateral view. F. Anther, above: abaxial side, below: adaxial side. G. Pollinia, two pairs (origin: probably Thailand, Phelps 8078). Illustration: J.J. Vermeulen
FIGURE 3 in Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
FIGURE 3. Bulbophyllum anodon (origin: probably northwestern Thailand, Phelps 8078). Photo: P. Thavipoke
FIGURE 7 in Notes on Bulbophyllum (Dendrobiinae; Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae): two new species and the dilemmas of species discovery via illegal trade
FIGURE 7. Bulbophyllum dasystachys, in situ (Thailand, Khaoyai National Park, Tripetch s.n., 25/11/2007). Photo: P. Tripetch
Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of HBV and B19V into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade
<p>After the European colonization of the Americas there was a dramatic population collapse of the Indigenous inhabitants caused in part by the introduction of new pathogens. Although there is much speculation on the etiology of the Colonial epidemics, direct evidence for the presence of specific viruses during the Colonial era is lacking. To uncover the diversity of viral pathogens during this period, we designed an enrichment assay targeting ancient DNA (aDNA) from viruses of clinical importance and applied it on DNA extracts from individuals found in a Colonial hospital and a Colonial chapel (16th c. – 18th c.) where records suggest victims of epidemics were buried during important outbreaks in Mexico City. This allowed us to reconstruct three ancient human parvovirus B19 genomes, and one ancient human hepatitis B virus genome from distinct individuals. The viral genomes are similar to African strains, consistent with the inferred morphological and genetic African ancestry of the hosts as well as with the isotopic analysis of the human remains, suggesting an origin on the African continent. This study provides direct molecular evidence of ancient viruses being transported to the Americas during the transatlantic slave trade and their subsequent introduction to New Spain. Altogether, our observations enrich the discussion about the etiology of infectious diseases during the Colonial period in Mexico.</p>
Ageing as early-life inertia: disentangling life-history trade-offs along a lifetime of an individual
<p>The theory that ageing evolves because of competitive resource allocation between the soma and the germline has been challenged by studies showing that somatic maintenance can be improved without impairing reproduction. However, it has been suggested that cost-free improvement in somatic maintenance is possible only under a narrow range of benign conditions. Here we show that experimental downregulation of insulin/IGF-1 signalling (IIS) in C. elegans nematodes, a robustly reproducible lifespan and healthspan-extending treatment, reduces fitness in a complex variable environment when initiated during development but does not reduce fitness when initiated in adulthood. Thus, our results show that the costs and benefits of reduced IIS can be uncoupled when organisms inhabit variable environments, and, therefore, do not provide support for the resource allocation theory. Our findings support the theory that the force of natural selection on gene expression in evolutionarily conserved signalling pathways that shape life-history traits declines after the onset of reproduction resulting in organismal senescence.</p>
Figure 4 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 4. Majority-rule consensus tree of the posterior distribution of trees from the Bayesian analyses of the concatenated nuclear loci data (11 loci, 7541 bp). -lnL = 12 653.11. Models of molecular evolution for each loci: GTR (AHR, AIING, BMP2, HMGB2, PAX, R35, and TFGB2); HKY (HNFL, TB01, and TB29), and HKY + G (NB22519). Bayesian support values (posterior probabilities, PPs) as indicated. Numbers above branches are maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap support values. Mitochondrial clade membership is indicated for each sample. The out-group branch is not drawn to scale.
Figure 5 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 5. Lineage diversification results for Heosemys, with Heosemys spinosa split into two (A and B, top panel) or three (A, C, D, bottom panel) clades. Estimates were generated using priors for Q of G(2, 200) and G(2, 2000), whereas priors for T were G(2, 2000) for all analyses. Numbers above nodes are posterior probability (PP) support values. PP support values for node e (all runs) are provided below the tree. Means and standard deviations for Q and T, and -log likelihood scores for each analysis are provided in Table S1.
Figure 1 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 1. Map of the Sundaland region showing historical collection localities for Heosemys spinosa as purple (dark grey in the print version) circles (coordinates from http://emys.geo.orst.edu). The arrow indicates the collection locality for sample ELR230A (deposited at the National Museum of the Philippines) from the Island of Tawi Tawi, Philippines.
Figure 6 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 6. Incorrect classification frequencies for the discriminant function analysis (DFA) of 19 Heosemys spinosa specimens, based on membership of the two mitochondrial DNA clades (A and B, see Fig. 3), and for 100 randomly created groups of nine and ten individuals.
Figure 3 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 3. Heosemys mitochondrial phylogeny: majority-rule consensus tree of the posterior distribution of trees from the Bayesian analyses of the cytochrome b data set (971 bp). Model of molecular evolution: GTR + G. Support values (posterior probabilities, PPs) as indicated.
Figure 2 in Cryptic variation and the tragedy of unrecognized taxa: the case of international trade in the spiny turtle Heosemys spinosa (Testudines: Geoemydidae)
Figure 2. Side-by-side comparisons showing variation in relative size, iris colour, and light versus dark shell coloration among samples of Heosemys spinosa. The images show some of the variation present among six individual turtles, but are not meant to indicate that there two discrete groups of turtles in this collection.
Fine-scale habitat selection limits trade-offs between foraging and temperature in a grassland bird
Many species are frequently faced with the decision about how to balance the use of thermal refuge against access to food resources. We evaluated the habitat use of female greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) to assess the potential for trade-offs between thermal conditions and food resources during the habitat selection process. Our objectives were to 1) compare near-ground temperatures, invertebrate availability, and vegetation characteristics at sites used by greater prairie-chickens to conditions at random landscape locations in various time since fire patches and 2) assess changes in conditions at used sites throughout the day to determine if selection for resources changes relative to ambient conditions resulting in trade-offs between foraging sites and thermal refuge. We found that greater prairie-chickens primarily used patches 0-12 months post fire that had relatively high abundances and biomasses of invertebrates compared to the landscape. Greater prairie-chickens further modified their selection at relatively fine spatial scales within these food-rich patches to select for areas with cooler temperatures during the hottest part of the day. The use of thermal refuge did not appear to influence access to food resources as invertebrate abundance and biomass at used sites were consistent throughout the day. Our results show that food resources and thermal cover influences habitat selection for greater prairie-chickens, but there was little evidence for trade-offs during the habitat selection process. Consideration of spatial and temporal scales is critical for evaluating trade-offs in habitat selection for animals and this research provides insights into the decision-making process by prairie-chickens.
A genetically based ecological trade-off contributes to setting a geographic range limit
<p>Understanding the ecological factors that shape geographic range limits and the evolutionary constraints that prevent populations from adaptively evolving beyond these limits is an unresolved question. Here, we investigated why the euryhaline fish, <i>Poecila reticulata</i>, is confined to freshwater within its native range, despite being tolerant of brackish water. We hypothesized that competitive interactions with a close relative, <i>Poecilia picta</i>, in brackish water prevents <i>P. reticulata</i> from colonizing brackish water. Using a combination of field transplant, common garden breeding, and laboratory behavior experiments we find support for this hypothesis, as <i>P. reticulata</i> are behaviorally subordinate and have lower survival in brackish water with <i>P. picta</i>. We also found a negative genetic correlation between <i>P. reticulata</i> growth in brackish water versus freshwater in the presence of <i>P. picta</i>, suggesting a genetically based trade-off between salinity tolerance and competitive ability could constrain adaptive evolution at the range limit.</p>
Integration of prosumer peer-to-peer trading decisions into energy community modelling
<p>Peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange of renewable energy is an attractive option to empower citizens to actively participate in the energy transition. Whereas previous research has assessed P2P communities primarily from a techno-economic perspective, little is yet known about prosumer preferences for solar power trading. Importantly, the impacts of community members’ trading decisions on key performance indicators such as individual electricity bills, community autarky, and grid stress remain unknown. Here, we assess P2P trading strategies of German homeowners based on an online experimental study. We simulate how various decision-making strategies impact the performance of P2P communities. The findings suggest that community autarky is slightly higher when prosumers are enabled to trade energy compared to when they merely aim to maximize their self-consumption. Our analysis moreover shows that P2P energy trading based on human decision-making may lead to financial benefits for prosumers and traditional consumers, and reduced stress for the grid.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Harrington LA, D'Cruze N, Macdonald DW (2018) Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016. Nature Conservation 30: 107-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.28651
Collated datasets : Explanation note: Annual Facebook posts and news articles, 2005–2016; monthly Google Trends, 2005–2016 (including daily Wikipedia July 2015 – December 2016); weekly Google Trends, 2015–2016; daily Facebook posts and news articles, 2015–2016.
Supplementary material 2 from: Harrington LA, D'Cruze N, Macdonald DW (2018) Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016. Nature Conservation 30: 107-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.28651
News articles. Complete text of all news articles retrieved from Nexis UK under the search term 'pangolin', January 2005 – December 2016 :
Supplementary material 1 from: Harrington LA, D'Cruze N, Macdonald DW (2018) Rise to fame: events, media activity and public interest in pangolins and pangolin trade, 2005–2016. Nature Conservation 30: 107-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.30.28651
Facebook posts : Explanation note: Posters, date and number of comments, likes and shares, for all Facebook posts, 2005–2016, under the search term 'pangolin wildlife trade' (note that the first post on 'pangolin wildlife trade' was posted in 2008).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.