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1,481 results for “data processing”
Plant aboveground biomass data: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Root biomass data: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Root carbon/nitrogen data: Herbivory by Nitrogen Interactive Effects on Community and Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics
E172 is an herbivory experiment established by Dave Tilman in fall 2004 by enclosing in deer fences three randomly selected plots from the six replicates of each control and each treatment in the N addition E001 experiment in field C. These plots still receive the nutrient treatments prescribed in the Experiment 001 protocols. From 1982-2004 a fence containing all of e001 plots in Field C was designed to exclude deer and all small mammals, including mice, voles and pocket gophers. This fence was removed in Fall of 2004 and individual plots designated for e172 were enclosed in deer fences. The purpose of E001 was to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time would affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. The plots are in a 6 by 9 grid and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June.
Data Appendices for "Textual Scholarship and Contemporary Literary Studies: Jennifer Egan's Editorial Processes and the Archival Edition of Emerald City"
<p>This dataset documents the version variants between Jennifer Egan's early short stories, "The Stylist" and "Sacred Heart". It is a supplement to the article "Textual Scholarship and Contemporary Literary Studies: Jennifer Egan’s Editorial Processes and the Archival Edition of <em>Emerald City</em>" in <em>LIT: Literature Interpretation Theory</em>.</p>
Data used in "Evaluation of topography and vegetation coverage impacts on watershed-scale active layer freeze-thaw processes with a simple algorithm in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"
<p>This is the data used in the manuscript "Evaluation of topography and vegetation coverage impacts on watershed-scale active layer freeze-thaw processes with a simple algorithm in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" (JGR earth surface 2020JF005564 ).</p>
Data and Code Accompanying the Study "Developing an annotation framework for word formation processes in comparative linguistics"
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Schweikhard, N. E. and List, J.-M. (2020): Developing an annotation framework for word formation processes in comparative linguistics. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics. 17.1: 2-26.</p> </blockquote>
Ancillary files for generating and processing PA districting plans with 2017 ACS data
<p>Files PA census tracts 2017 data.csv and tl_2010_42_tract10.zip were downloaded from the US Bureau of the Census and so are publicly owned. They are here for the sake of archiving purposes. They were used to generate the PA Congressional districting plans at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3893022. File IDsPopsFull.csv was generated by the author. It maps Pennsylvania census tract IDs to demographic data and to counties in Pennsylvania. This is useful for post-processing plans.</p> <p> </p>
Fast Pixelated Detectors in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Part I: Data Acquisition, Live Processing and Storage
<p>Scanning transmission electron microscopy data related to paper "Fast Pixelated Detectors in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Part I: Data Acquisition, Live Processing, and Storage": <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927620001713">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927620001713</a></p>
Data from: Environmental context determines the limiting demographic processes for plant recruitment across a species' elevational range
<p>Plant recruitment is a multi-stage process determining population dynamics and species distributions. Still, we have limited understanding of how the successive demographic processes depend on the environmental context across species' distributional ranges. We conducted a large-scale transplant experiment to study recruitment of <i>Pinus cembra</i> over six years. We quantified the effects of environmental conditions on four demographic processes and identified the most limiting across and beyond the pines' elevational range over several years. Realized transition probabilities of the demographic processes varied substantially across the species' distributional range. Seed deposition decreased from the lower to the upper elevational range margin by 90 %, but this reduction was offset by increased seed germination and seedling survival. Dispersal limitation at the upper range margin potentially stems from unsuitable seed caching conditions for the animal seed disperser, whereas increased seed germination might result from enemy escape from fungal pathogens and favourable abiotic conditions at the upper range margin. Our multi-year experiment demonstrates that environmental context is decisive for the local relevance of particular demographic processes. We conclude that experimental studies identifying the limiting demographic processes controlling species distributions are key for projecting future range dynamics of plants.</p>
Data and processing for "Current detection using a Josephson parametric upconverter"
<p>This directory contains all the code and data necessary to produce the figures of the paper titled "Current detection using a Josephson parametric upconverter" written by Felix E. Schmidt, Daniel Bothner, Ines C. Rodrigues, Mario F. Gely, Mark D. Jenkins and Gary A. Steele.</p>
Data and scripts for 'Potential and limitations of machine learning for modeling warm-rain cloud microphysical processes'
<p>Data and scripts for "Potential and limitations of machine learning for modeling warm-rain cloud microphysical processes" by Axel Seifert and Stephan Rasp, J. Adv. Modeling Earth Systems, 12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020MS002301</p>
ICECAP-2 consortium processed airborne ice thickness data from the Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica
<p>Airborne ice thickness data from the Princess Elizabeth Land (PEL), East Antarctica was collected in four separate seasons. During the first ICECAP2 season (2015/16), a survey acquiring exploratory ‘fan-shaped’ radial profiles to maximize range and data return on each flight was completed across the broadly unknown region of PEL. These flight lines extend from the coastal Progress Station to the interior ice-sheet divide at Ridge B. In the second and third seasons (2016/17 and 2017/18), a survey ‘grid’ was completed, targeting enhanced resolution over a proposed subglacial lake and a series of basal canyons (Jamieson et al., 2016). In the fourth season (2018/19), a few additional transects were completed to fill the largest data gaps within aircraft range. Field data acquisition was achieved using the “Snow Eagle 601” aero geophysical platform; a BT-67 airplane operated by the Polar Research Institute of China for the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) program. The suite of instruments configured on the airplane include a phase-coherent radio-echo sounder system, operating at a central frequency of 60 MHz and a peak power of 8 kW, making it capable of penetrating deep (>3 km) ice in Antarctica. After applying coherent integration and pulse compression at a bandwidth of 15 MHz, which gave an along-track spatial sampling rate and a vertical resolution of ~10 m and ~5.6 m, respectively.</p>
Data from: Gender diversity of editorial boards and gender differences in the peer review process at six journals of ecology and evolution.
<p>Despite substantial progress for women in science, women remain underrepresented in many aspects of the scholarly publication process. We examined how the gender diversity of editors and reviewers changed over time for six journals in ecology and evolution (2003-2015 for four journals, 2007-2015 or 2009-2015 for the other two), and how several aspects of the peer review process differed between female and male editors and reviewers. We found that, for five of the six journals, women were either absent or very poorly represented as handling editors at the beginning of our dataset. The representation of women among handling editors increased gradually and consistently, with women making up 29% of the handling editors (averaged across journals) in 2015, similar to the representation of women as last authors on ecology papers (23% in 2015) but lower than the proportion of women among all authors (31%) and among members of the societies that own the journals (37-40%). The proportion of women among reviewers has also gradually but consistently increased over time, reaching 27% by 2015. Female editors invited more female reviewers than did male editors, and this difference increased with age of the editor. Men and women who were invited to review did not differ in whether they responded to the review invitation, but, of those that responded, women were slightly more likely to agree to review. In contrast, women were less likely than men to accept invitations to serve on journal editorial boards. Our analyses indicate that there has been progress in the representation of women as reviewers and editors in ecology and evolutionary biology, but women are still underrepresented among the gatekeepers of scholarly publishing relative to their representation among researchers.</p>
Data from: Measured perceptual nonlinearities show how ON-OFF asymmetric processing improves motion estimation in natural scenes
Animals detect motion using a variety of visual cues that reflect regularities in the natural world. Experiments in animals across phyla have shown that motion percepts incorporate both pairwise and triplet spatiotemporal correlations that could theoretically benefit motion computation. However, it remains unclear how visual systems assemble these cues to build accurate motion estimates. Here we use comprehensive measurements of fruit fly motion perception to show how flies combine local pairwise and triplet correlations to reduce variability in motion estimates across natural scenes. By generating synthetic images with statistics controlled by maximum entropy distributions, we showed that the observed improvement occurs only when light-dark asymmetries mimic natural ones. Thus, fly behavior suggests that asymmetric ON-OFF processing is tuned to the particular statistics of natural scenes. Since all animals encounter the world's light-dark asymmetries, many visual systems are likely to use asymmetric ON-OFF processing to improve motion estimation.
A process proposal on how to move from data requirements to semantic data in the context of the MDA
<p>This work proposes a process for the identification of the requirements associated with the data, along with and a set of transformations in Model Driven Architecture (MDA) context, in order to obtain a semantically annotated dataset, as a result of the unification and alignment of the data in the context of its initial domain. Our proposal identifies four phases (from CIM to code), in which is describe the artifacts and transformations required to progress to the next phase: a target domain model is first obtained from the data requirements, after which the ontological schema and the ontology is generated from the previous model. A domain-specific language (DSL), also proposed in this work, is then used to obtain the semantic data model (the DSL code), which generates the final semantic dataset. We have validated the proposal by studying two cases: one with data from the public transport domain and the other with data concerning those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
Processed data on current events for SDBD units based on Al₂O₃ and AlN barriers (from 1.4 to 2.4 kV)
<p>The dataset contains processed data of current events measured from the reverse electrode of the SDBD units made of Al₂O₃ and AlN, respectively.<br> Each file corresponds to specific material and specific voltage(dset1#{1..6}_cache.npz is for Al₂O₃; dset2#{1..6}_cache.npz is for AlN; from 1.4 to 2.4 kV).</p> <p>Files contain the following NumPy arrays:</p> <ol> <li> "events" is a processed data of current events approximated by an analytical function, legend: <ul> <li> 'r' is a Pearson's correlation coefficient between the raw signal and analytical approximation;</li> <li> 'ph is a phase of supply voltage (when event occur);</li> <li> 'vm' is a value of supply voltage (when event occur);</li> <li> 'tm' is a time moment of the event's occurrence;</li> <li> 'dq' is a charge transferred in a single event;</li> <li> 'a,b' are the rates of current rise and decay;</li> <li> 'dt' is a peak's half-width;</li> <li> 's' is a parameter of peak asymmetry.</li> </ul> </li> <li> "index" determines boundaries between different periods in "events"-array (for example, third period contains events[index[2]:index[3]]).</li> <li> "oscid" determines boundaries between different measurements in the "index"-array.</li> <li> "vamps", "vfrqs", "cap0s", "cap1s" are the measurement specific arrays; they contain values of voltage amplitude, frequency, 'cold' and 'plasma' capacities of the system. They should be near-constant.</li> </ol>
Data from: Life-history dimensions indicate non-random assembly processes in tropical island tree communities
<p>Community assembly processes on islands are often non-random. The mechanisms behind non-random assembly, however, are generally difficult to disentangle. Functional diversity in combination with a null model approach that accounts for differences in species richness among islands can be used to test for non-random assembly processes, but has been applied rarely to island communities. By linking functional diversity of trees on islands with a null model approach, we bridge this gap and test for the role of stochastic vs. non-random trait-mediated assembly processes in shaping communities by studying functional diversity-area relationships. We measured 11 plant functional traits linked to species dispersal and resource acquisition strategies of 57 tree species on 40 tropical islands. We grouped traits into four life-history dimensions representing (i) dispersal ability, (ii) growth strategy, (iii) light acquisition, and (iv) nutrient acquisition. To test for non-random assembly processes, we used null models that account for differences in species richness among the islands. Our results reveal contrasting responses of the four life-history dimensions to island area. The dispersal and the growth strategy dimensions were underdispersed on smaller islands, whereas the light acquisition dimension was overdispersed. The nutrient acquisition dimension did not deviate from null expectations. With increasing island area, shifts in the strength of non-random assembly processes increased the diversity of dispersal and acquisition strategies in island communities. Our results suggest that smaller islands may be more difficult to colonize and provide more limited niche space compared to larger islands, whose tree communities are likely determined by stochastic processes and higher niche diversity. Our null model approach highlights that analysing the functional diversity of different life-history dimensions provides a powerful framework to unravel community assembly processes on islands. These complex, non-random assembly processes are masked by measures of functional diversity that do not account for differences in species richness between islands.</p>
Data from: Microhabitat selection in the common lizard: implications of biotic interactions, age, sex, local processes, and model transferability among populations
Modeling species' habitat requirements are crucial to assess impacts of global change, for conservation efforts and to test mechanisms driving species presence. While the influence of abiotic factors has been widely examined, the importance of biotic factors and biotic interactions, and the potential implications of local processes are not well understood. Testing their importance requires additional knowledge and analyses at local habitat scale. Here, we recorded the locations of species presence at the microhabitat scale and measured abiotic and biotic parameters in three different common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) populations using a standardized sampling protocol. Thereafter, space use models and cross-evaluations among populations were run to infer local processes and estimate the importance of biotic parameters, biotic interactions, sex, and age. Biotic parameters explained more variation than abiotic parameters, and intraspecific interactions significantly predicted the spatial distribution. Significant differences among populations in the relationship between abiotic parameters and lizard distribution, and the greater model transferability within populations than between populations are in line with effects predicted by local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity. These results underline the importance of including biotic parameters and biotic interactions in space use models at the population level. There were significant differences in space use between sexes, and between adults and yearlings, the latter showing no association with the measured parameters. Consequently, predictive habitat models at the population level taking into account different sexes and age classes are required to understand a specie's ecological requirements and to allow for precise conservation strategies. Our study therefore stresses that future predictive habitat models at the population level and their transferability should take these parameters into account.
Data from: Niche divergence versus neutral processes: combined environmental and genetic analyses identify contrasting patterns of differentiation in recently diverged pine species
Background and Aims: Solving relationships of recently diverged taxa, poses a challenge due to shared polymorphism and weak reproductive barriers. Multiple lines of evidence are needed to identify independently evolving lineages. This is especially true of long-lived species with large effective population sizes, and slow rates of lineage sorting. North American pines are an interesting group to test this multiple approach. Our aim is to combine cytoplasmic genetic markers with environmental information to clarify species boundaries and relationships of the species complex of Pinus flexilis, Pinus ayacahuite, and Pinus strobiformis. Methods: Mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences were combined with previously obtained microsatellite data and contrasted with environmental information to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the species complex. Ecological niche models were compared to test if ecological divergence is significant among species. Key Results and Conclusion: Separately, both genetic and ecological evidence support a clear differentiation of all three species but with different topology, but also reveal an ancestral contact zone between P. strobiformis and P. ayacahuite. The marked ecological differentiation of P. flexilis suggests that ecological speciation has occurred in this lineage, but this is not reflected in neutral markers. The inclusion of environmental traits in phylogenetic reconstruction improved the resolution of internal branches. We suggest that combining environmental and genetic information would be useful for species delimitation and phylogenetic studies in other recently diverged species complexes.
Data from: Sun skink landscape genomics: assessing how microevolutionary processes shape genetic and phenotypic diversity across a heterogeneous and fragmented landscape
Incorporating genomic data sets into landscape genetic analyses allows for powerful insights into population genetics, explicitly geographical correlates of selection, and morphological diversification of organisms across the geographical template. Here, we utilize an integrative approach to examine gene flow and detect selection, and we relate these processes to genetic and phenotypic population differentiation across South-East Asia in the common sun skink, Eutropis multifasciata. We quantify the relative effects of geographic and ecological isolation in this system and find elevated genetic differentiation between populations from island archipelagos compared to those on the adjacent South-East Asian continent, which is consistent with expectations concerning landscape fragmentation in island archipelagos. We also identify a pattern of isolation by distance, but find no substantial effect of ecological/environmental variables on genetic differentiation. To assess whether morphological conservatism in skinks may result from stabilizing selection on morphological traits, we perform FST–PST comparisons, but observe that results are highly dependent on the method of comparison. Taken together, this work provides novel insights into the manner by which micro-evolutionary processes may impact macro-evolutionary scale biodiversity patterns across diverse landscapes, and provide genomewide confirmation of classic predictions from biogeographical and landscape ecological theory.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.