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6,170 results for “european”
Supplement code and data for "Accounting for trade in derived products when estimating European Union's role in driving deforestation"
<p>This repository includes the code to reproduce the results and visualizations as well as the complete output underlying the publication:</p> <div> <div>Laroche, P.C.S.J., Gómez-Suárez, M., Persson, U.M., Pendrill, F., Schwarzmueller, F., Schulp, C.J.E., Kastner, T., 2024. Accounting for trade in derived products when estimating European Union’s role in driving deforestation. Ecological Economics 224, 108288. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108288">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108288</a></div> </div> <p> </p> <p>The file "01_calculations.R" calculates the files included in the "output" folder. These files can be used to visualize the results using the file "02_visualization.R".<br>The folder input_data contains some of the files necessary to run the code in "01_calculations.R". Note that additional data has to be downloaded to run the calculations, as specified in the R file. The folder "results" includes an xlsx file with the complete output of the calculation using the "mean" conversion factors.</p>
SLABSTRESS: SLAB STructural RESponse for Seismic European Design
<p><span>The dataset reports results from the full-scale testing of a two-storey flat slab structure, undertaken in the SlabSTRESS research project; the construction and testing were planned and carried out at the ELSA laboratory of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre. The dimensions are three bays by two, spans 4.5 and 5 m, slab thickness 0.2 m, interstorey height 3.2 m. Two different longitudinal reinforcement details were considered; welded studs shear reinforcement was provided only in the second floor slab. The testing program included seismic tests for service and ultimate actions, using the pseudo-dynamic technique with virtual walls. To this aim, a building structure was designed with primary walls and the flat slab frame as secondary element. Cyclic loading tests followed up to ultimate drift capacity of the structure. The sequence of tests included strengthening of a set of damaged connections using bolted bars in holes drilled through the slab, followed by cyclic testing to failure. The instrumentation was provided for the global response and the connections with local rotations in the columns and slab; cracking around the columns was measured with through-crack sensors; a measurement system for internal forces and moments was included within the columns. The results show the response with deformations and damage for the different loading conditions up to failure. The results obtained on a full-scale structure extend and confirm the knowledge in the literature, mainly based on isolated connections and/or small-scale samples.</span></p>
Figure 1. Frogs were collected from 3 in A procedure for taxon assessment based on morphological variation in European water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex)
Figure 1. Frogs were collected from 3 different localities in South Banat, Serbia: 1) Stevanove ravnice, within the Special Nature Reserve "Deliblatska peščara" (44°49′57.8″N 21°18′33.1″E, 44°50′14.3″N 21°18′14.0″E), 2) Canal Banatska Palanka – Novi Becej (44°51′14.4″N 21°18′17.8″E).; 3) Canal Jaruga in the peripheral zone of the protected natural landscape "Karaš-Nera" (44°52′30.8″N 21°28′16.0″E).
Figure 2b in A procedure for taxon assessment based on morphological variation in European water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex)
Figure 2b. Individual scores resulting from FAMD plotted on the first 2 dimensions. Clusters derived from the hierarchical clustering on principle components (HCPC) are superimposed onto the ordination.
MERICS China Podcast: Finding a European answer to the China-Russia partnership, with Alice Ekman and Helena Legarda
<p>Russia’s President Vladimir Putin is set to visit Beijing on May 15 and 16 to meet with China’s leader Xi Jinping. This will be his first foreign trip after his reinauguration on May 7. The meeting will be another chance for the two leaders to emphasize how important and close the “no limits” partnership of Russia and China is. In this episode of the MERICS China Podcast, we look at the implications of the Sino-Russian relationship for the European Union, in particular due the ongoing invasion of Ukraine and their opposition to and undermining of the existing global order.</p> <p><strong>Johannes Heller-John</strong> is joined by <strong>Alice Ekman</strong>, Senior Analyst in charge of the Asia portfolio at the European Union Institute for Security Studies in Paris and <strong>Helena Legarda</strong>, Lead Analyst at MERICS. In their view, the China-Russia relationship is more stable than is often assumed.</p>
The most remarkable migrants: Systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass
<p>In 1950, David and Elizabeth Lack chanced upon a huge migration of insects and birds flying through the Pyrenean Pass of Bujaruelo, later describing the spectacle as combining both grandeur with novelty. The intervening years have seen many changes to land use and climate, posing the question as to the current status of this migratory phenomenon, while a lack of quantitative data has prevented insights into the ecological impact of this mass insect migration and into the factors affecting it. To address this, we revisited the site in autumn over a 4-year period and systematically monitored diurnal insect species and numbers. We document an annual mean of 17.1 million day-flying insects from 5 orders moving south, with 'mass migration' events associated with warmer temperatures, the presence of a headwind, sunlight, low windspeed, and low rainfall. Diptera dominated the migratory assemblage and annual numbers varied by more than fourfold with larger annual migration flows associated with higher autumn temperatures in Northwest Europe. Finally, using observed environmental thresholds for migration, we estimate an annual 'bioflow' of at least 14.6 billion day-flying insects migrating south over the whole Pyrenean Mountain range, highlighting the importance of this route for seasonal insect migrants.</p>
Data from: Home range and habitat selection of wolves recolonising Central European human-dominated landscapes
<p>Decades of persecution has resulted in the long-term absence of grey wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) from most European countries. However, recent changes in both legislation and public attitudes toward wolves has eased the pressure, allowing wolves to rapidly re-establish territories in their previous Central European habitats over the last 20 years. Unfortunately, these habitats are now heavily altered by humans. Understanding the spatial ecology of wolves in such highly modified environments is crucial, given the high potential for conflict and the need to reconcile their return with multiple human concerns. We equipped 20 wolves, originating from seven packs in six Central European regions, with GPS collars, allowing us to calculate monthly average home range sizes for 14 of the animals of 213.3 km2 using Autocorrelated Kernel Density Estimation. We then used ESA WorldCover data to assess the mosaic of available habitats used within each home range. Our data confirmed a general seasonal pattern for breeding individuals, with smaller apparent home ranges during the reproduction phase, and no specific pattern for non-breeders. Predictably, our wolves showed a general preference for remote areas, and especially forests, though some wolves within military training areas also showed a broader preference for grassland, possibly influenced by local land use and high availability of prey. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the ecology of wolves during their re-colonisation of Central Europe. Though wolves are spreading relatively quickly across Central European landscapes, their permanent reoccupation remains uncertain due to conflicts with the human population. To secure the restoration of European wolf populations, further robust biological data, including data on spatial ecology, will be needed to clearly identify any management implications.</p>
Does European-introduced Phragmites australis experience below-ground microbial enemy release in North America?
<p>Escape from native range enemies can give invasive species a competitive edge according to the enemy-release hypothesis. While more commonly associated with predators and herbivores, release from belowground microbial antagonists has been recently demonstrated to benefit invasive plants. Biogeographic variation in dominance and comparisons of soil communities suggest that invasive European <em>Phragmites australis</em> may have also benefitted from belowground enemy release in North America. Here we examine the effects of native range (Europe) versus introduced range (North America) soil communities on European native and North American introduced<em> P. australis</em> using a reciprocal inoculation seedling growth experiment. Contrary to the enemy-release hypothesis, we found that North American-introduced <em>P. australis</em> was sensitive to soil community origin in that the seedlings grown in European soil communities (native) had higher total biomass than seedlings grown in North American soil communities (introduced). This pattern was not observed in the European native <em>P. australis</em> seedlings which had similar biomass when grown with North American or European soil communities. Notably, introduced <em>P. australis</em> had higher biomass than native <em>P. australis</em> regardless of which soil community it was grown in, suggesting a growth-defense tradeoff. Though the relative abundance of mutualists and pathogens composition did not differ between the two ranges, an indicator analysis revealed that mutualistic fungi and bacteria were key components of European soil communities but not in North American communities. Interestingly, North American soil communities had lower β-diversity than European communities suggesting higher levels of community conservation amongst North American populations. This research represents the first evidence of growth-defense trade-offs in introduced <em>P. australis</em> and offers a novel mechanism for understanding the invasion of <em>P. australis</em> in North America.</p>
Data from: Species richness and evenness of European bird communities show differentiated responses to measures of productivity
<p>Understanding patterns of species diversity is crucial for ecological research and conservation, and this understanding may be improved by studying patterns in the two components of species diversity, species richness and evenness of abundance of species. Variation in species richness and evenness has previously been linked to variation in total abundance of communities as well as productivity gradients. Exploring both components of species diversity is essential because these components could be unrelated or driven by different mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between species richness and evenness in European bird communities along an extensive latitudinal gradient. We examined their relationships with latitude and Net Primary Productivity, which determines energy and matter availability for heterotrophs, as well as their responses to territory densities (i.e., the number of territories per area) and community biomass (i.e., the bird biomass per area). We applied a multivariate Poisson log-normal distribution to unique long-term, high-quality time-series data, allowing us to estimate species richness of the community as well as the variance of this distribution, which acts as an inverse measure of evenness. Evenness in the distribution of abundance of species in the community was independent of species richness. Species richness increased with increasing community biomass, as well as with increasing density. Since both measures of abundance were explained by NPP, species richness was partially explained by energy-diversity theory (i.e., the more energy, the more species sustained by the ecosystem). However, species richness did not increase linearly with NPP but rather showed a unimodal relationship. Evenness was not explained either by productivity nor by any of the aspects of community abundance. This study highlights the importance of considering both richness and evenness to gain a better understanding of variation in species diversity. We encourage the study of both components of species diversity in future studies, as well as use of simulation studies to verify observed patterns between richness and evenness.</p>
Silvicultural regime shapes understory functional structure in European forests
<p>This is the dataset used for the article "Silvicultural regime shapes understory functional structure in European forests" by Francesco Chianucci, Francesca Napoleone et al., which has been accepted in Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>Attached is also an R code to illustrate the statistical analyses performed in the study.</p>
FIG. 6 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 6. — Usnic acid concentrations (mg g–1 dry weight) in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale measured in Europe and Africa by HPLC-PDA. The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25 and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Continents are not significantly different at 95% confidence.
FIG. 4 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 4. — UPLC-PDA-MS analysis of acetone extract of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale: A, chromatogram showing peaks detected at 280 nm, where (+)-usnic acid eluting at 7.59 minutes; B, extraction ion chromatogram of the ion at m/z 343.10 detection in negative ion mode, corresponding to deprotonated usnic acid molecular ion; C, total ion chromatogram; D, UV spectrum of usnic acid; E, mass spectrum of usnic acid.
FIG. 3 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 3. — Usnic acid, protocetraric acid (p) and caperatic acid (c) sampled from specimens of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale collected in Europe (HU, Hungary; SRB, Serbia) and Africa (Afr) are presented on developed HPTLC plates (in solvent system C according to Arup et al. 1993) with control: A, under UV 254 nm; B, sprayed with water; C, in daylight after spraying with 10% sulphuric acid and charring.
FIG. 2 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 2. — Collecting sites of the investigated samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Table 1): A, in Hungary and Serbia; B, in Kenya and Tanzania.
FIG. 5 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 5. — Usnic acid enantiomers in the lichen Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale: A, the chiral HPLC chromatogram showing separation of usnic acid enantiomer standards: (+)-usnic acid eluting at 8.44 min and (-)-usnic acid eluting at 9.59 min; B, the chromatogram showing only (+)-usnic acid present in F. caperata.
FIG. 1 in Concentration data of (+)-usnic acid enantiomer from some European and African samples of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmeliaceae, lichenised Ascomycota) - results of a preliminary study
FIG. 1. — Thalli of Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, in their habitats in Hungary: A, on bark of Quercus sp. (sample 4); B, on andesite rock (near sample 11). Herbarium specimens: C, from Kenya (VBI 6044, sample 19); D, E, from Tanzania (VBI 6169, sample 20; VBI 6251, sample 23). Photographs taken by E. Farkas. Scale bars: 1 cm.
MERICS China Podcast: China and the European Parliament election, with Ivana Karásková and Grzegorz Stec
<p>Ahead of the European Parliament election on June 6-9, 2024, this episode looks at the role of the European Parliament in EU-China relations and the possible impact of the election results on the European “de-risking” agenda among other topics. </p> <p><strong>Johannes Heller-John</strong> talks to <strong>Ivana Karásková</strong> and <strong>Grzegorz Stec</strong>. Ivana is a European China Policy Fellow at MERICS and the founder of MapInfluenCE and China Observers in Central and Eastern Europe (CHOICE) at the Association for International Affairs (AMO) in Prague. Grzegorz is the Head of the MERICS Brussels Office.</p> <p>Recently, Ivana co-authored two reports, one on <a href="https://www.amo.cz/en/foreign-electoral-interference-affecting-eu-democratic-processes/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">foreign electoral interference in the EU</a> and one on the <a href="https://www.amo.cz/en/from-the-fringes-to-the-forefront-how-extreme-parties-in-the-european-parliament-can-shape-eu-china-relations/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">rise of fringe parties in the EP and their impact on EU-China relations</a>. Grzegorz has published articles on <a href="https://www.merics.org/en/merics-briefs/how-ep-parties-see-china-ev-exports-trade-and-technology-council" target="_blank" rel="noopener">how EP parties see China</a> and on <a href="https://www.merics.org/en/comment/meps-key-lessons-eu-china-policy-during-last-mandate" target="_blank" rel="noopener">key lessons learned by Members of the EP during the last mandate</a>.</p>
Fig. 1 in First Toxoplasma gondii isolate from an aborted foetus of European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
Fig. 1 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites successfully propagated after several passages in Vero cell cultures
Database of phenolic measurements of European ivies (Hedera L., Araliaceae)
<p>We present two databases of phenolic content measurements of three ivy species (<em>Hedera</em> L., Araliaceae) that are naturally distributed across continental Europe: <em>H. helix</em>, <em>H. hibernica</em>, and <em>H. iberica</em>. We sampled a total of 82 ivy populations in the wild in the Iberian Peninsula representing adequately the natural distribution of the species in the sampled area and the global distribution of <em>H. iberica</em>, endemic of the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula. In each population five individuals were sampled whenever it was possible and a leaf from a vegetative branch (VL) and another from a reproductive branch (RL) were collected for phenolic measurement. Geographic information (latitude, longitude and altitude) was retrieved for each population. Phenolic content was estimated as the absorbance at 329 nm per mg of fresh leaf weight (A<sub>329</sub>), as the absorption peak of phenylpropanoids, the most abundant phenolic compounds of ivies, is located at this wavelength (Murray & Hackett, 1991). As an additional estimate we measured the area under the absorbance curve for the interval 280-400 nm per mg of fresh leaf weight (AUC<sub>280-400</sub>) following Del-Castillo-Alonso et al. (2015). Climatic information for each locality was retrieved for 22 macroclimatic variables available in WorldClim 2.1 with a 2.5min resolution, including 19 bioclimatic variables, solar radiation, water vapor pressure and wind speed (Fick and Hijmans, 2017). The first version of the presented databases (v1) includes all the geographic, phenolic and climatic information used for the analyses in Gallego-Narbón et al. (under review). All the samples collected are available at the herbarium of Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (MAUAM).</p> <ul> <li>The first database (Hedera_Phenolics_samples_v1.xlsx) includes sample information (species, population, individual number, leaf type and sample id), geographic information (latitude, longitude and altitude) and phenolic content measurements (A<sub>329</sub> and AUC<sub>280-400</sub>)<sub> </sub>for 748 leaf samples of 82 ivy populations of <em>H. helix</em>, <em>H. hibernica </em>and <em>H. iberica</em>, This information is included in the first sheet (SamplePhen). The second sheet includes an explanation of the variables of the first sheet (SampleVar).</li> <li>The second database (Hedera_Phenolics_populations_v1.xlsx) includes population information (species, population, individual number, leaf type and sample id), geographic information (latitude, longitude and altitude) and mean phenolic content measurements (A<sub>329</sub> and AUC<sub>280-400</sub>) per population for 82 ivy populations of <em>H. helix</em>, <em>H. hibernica </em>and <em>H. iberica</em>, and climatic information for the 22 macroclimatic variables extracted from WorldClim 2.1 per population. This information is included in the first sheet (PopulationPhen). The second sheet includes an explanation of the variables of the first sheet (PopulationVar).</li> </ul>
Data on the occurrence of Vibrio spp. of public health importance (i.e. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139) in seafood in European countries (Jan 2010-Sept 2023)
<p><span>This file contains data on the occurrence of <em><span>Vibrio</span></em><span> spp. of public health importance (<em>i.e</em>. <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em>, <em>Vibrio vulnificus,</em> and <em>Vibrio cholerae </em>non-O1/non-O139) in seafood produced and/or commercialized in Europe, </span>covering studies published between January 2010 and September 2023. </span><span>The systematic review protocol used to identify and extract the information is available at <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.10282513"><span>https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10282513</span></a> .</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.