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Figure 12 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 12. Ascandra oceanusvitae (holotype; UFRJPOR 8944). A, diactine. B, triactine I. C, triactines II. D, tetractine I. E, tetractine II. F, apical actine of a tetractine II.
Figure 11 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 11. Ascandra oceanusvitae (holotype; UFRJPOR 8944). A, specimen in vivo. B, fixed specimen. C, hispid surface. D, tangential section of a tube.
Figure 5. Janusya indica A in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 5. Janusya indica A, specimen in vivo (UFRJPOR 8931), associated with Leucaltis nodusgordii (white sponge) and near Ute insulagemmae (pink sponge). B, several specimens in vivo (paratype; UFRJPOR 8932). C, fixed specimen (holotype; UFRJPOR 8945). D, fixed specimen (paratype; UFRJPOR 8932). Arrows point to specimens of J. indica gen. et sp. nov.
Figure 10 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 10. Ascandra mascarenica (holotype; UFRJPOR 8936). A, lanceolated diactines. B, triactine. C, tetractines I. D, tetractines II.
Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 8. Soleneiscus intermedius (holotype; UFRJPOR 8933). A, diactines. B, triactines. C, tetractines I (arrows point to apical actines). D, tetractines II.
Figure 2 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on C-LSU sequences of the subclass Calcinea. Midpoint-rooted tree. Species sequences generated in this work are in bold. Clades containing species found in this work are highlighted. Support values are shown at the nodes. Support values are shown at the nodes (bootstrap> 70%; posterior probability> 0.7).
Figure 9 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 9. Ascandra mascarenica (holotype; UFRJPOR 8936). A, specimen in vivo, living among other sponges, bryozoans, and hydrozoans. B, fixed specimen. C, cross-section of a tube (arrows point to diactines). D, tangential section of the surface.
Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 7. Soleneiscus intermedius (holotype; UFRJPOR 8933). A, specimen in vivo living with a red Demospongiae, hydrozoans and ascidians. B, fixed specimen (external hispid surface of a tube in the inset). C, tangential section of a tube. D, lumen of a tube with the apical actine of tetractines. Arrow points to a diactine of the surface.
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 1. Study area. Sampling localities in La Réunion, Indian Ocean. The black stars indicate the locations where calcareous sponges were found.
Figure 6. Janusya indica A in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 6. Janusya indica A, cross-section of the specimen UFRJPOR 8945. B, cross-section of the specimen UFRJPOR 8932 with an apical actine of a tetractine pointing towards the lumen of a tube. C, diactine. D, triactines. E, triactines with shorter unpaired actine. F, tetractines (arrowhead points to a trichoxea).
Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on C-LSU sequences of the subclass Calcaronea. Midpoint-rooted tree. Species sequences generated in this work are in bold. Clades containing species found in this work are highlighted. Coloured circles represent different chromotypes (yellow, pink or white) of Ute insulagemmae. Support values are shown at the nodes (Bootstrap> 70%; posterior probability> 0.7).
Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences of the subclass Calcinea. Midpoint-rooted tree. Species sequences generated in this work are in bold. Clades containing species found in this work are highlighted. Support values are shown at the nodes (bootstrap> 70%; posterior probability> 0.7).
Revised taxonomy of the Arctotis Annual Clade (Arctotideae, Asteraceae) from Southern Africa: integration of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence
<p>Previous phylogenetic analysis of ITS nrDNA sequence data for Arctotidinae species resolved a highly supported clade containing all but one of the showy annual <i>Arctotis </i>species (informally designated the '<i>Arctotis</i> Annual Clade')<i>.</i> In the present study, phylogenetic relationships in the <i>Arctotis </i>Annual<i> </i>Clade were investigated by Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of cpDNA (<i>trnT-trnL-trnF</i> and <i>trnH-psbA</i>) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. The cpDNA and nrDNA phylogenies were notably incongruent. <i>Arctotis venusta </i>and a putative unnamed species<i> </i>('sp. B') were highly supported as monophyletic by both datasets. The monophyly of <i>A. leiocarpa </i>was strongly supported by the ITS dataset, whereas the remaining accessions formed a poorly resolved complex (the '<i>A. fastuosa </i>complex'). Within the <i>A. fastuosa </i>complex, <i>A. hirsuta </i>was monophyletic with high support in the ITS phylogeny. A statistical parsimony-derived cpDNA haplotype network resolved five broad groups of haplotypes and showed no consistent geographical structure, but species-specific haplotype lineages<i> </i>for<i> A. venusta </i>and sp. B were resolved. <i>Arctotis fastuosa </i>accessions were distributed among four haplotype groups. Incongruence between the datasets and poor resolution within the <i>A. fastuosa </i>complex may reflect reticulate evolution, ancestral polymorphism, and incomplete lineage sorting, in tandem with the low information content of the datasets. The greatest phenotypic diversification in the clade is in cypsela morphology. Comparison of cypsela morphology with the phylogenies suggests a general trend for reduction in the sizes of the cypsela, abaxial wings, and pappus scales, and loss of pubescence during diversification. A revised taxonomy, integrating currently available evidence, accompanied by full descriptive accounts and a key to the taxa are presented. Eight species are recognized, including the nomenclatural novelties <span><b><i><span>Arctotis chrysantha</span></i></b></span> (sp. nov.) and <span><b><i><span>Arctotis namibiensis</span></i></b></span><i> </i>(sp. nov.). The names <i>Arctotis karasmontana</i>, <i>Venidium fugax</i>, and <i>Venidium macrocephalum</i> are lectotypified.</p>
Figure 2. Bayesian 50 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 2. Bayesian 50% consensus tree from concatenated data of partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and large mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear ribosomal genes (28S). Annotated sequence groups were obtained with ABGD. Numbers on nodes correspond to posterior probabilities. Black dots mark significant and grey dots non-significant reciprocally monophyletic clades according to Rosenberg's (2007) test.
Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 3. Magelona alleni (Morocco St. 2011410–GR45, NMW.Z.2021.001.0001): A, anterior region (dorsal view showing pigment band); B, prostomium, dorsal view (base of RH palp visible); C, E–K, M, O, parapodia of chaetigers 1–9, 11, respectively (anterior views); D, neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (ventral view); L, parapodium of chaetiger 8 (lateral view); N, neuropodium of chaetiger 9 (lateral view); P, Q, tridentate abdominal hooded hooks (oblique lateral and lateral views, respectively).
Figure 7 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 7. Magelona guineensis. Holotype (São Tomé and Príncipe, St. 5SP–05, ZMBN132137): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, prostomium (dorsal view); C, parapodium of chaetiger 1 (anterior view); D, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (dorsal view); E, parapodium of chaetiger 2 (anterior view); F, parapodium of chaetiger 3 (anterior view); G, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 3 (dorsal view); H–N, parapodia of chaetigers 4–10, respectively (anterior views); O, abdominal tridentate hooded hook (oblique frontal view).
Figure 14 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 14. Magelona fasciata (Senegal St. 2011410–SL12: A–C, NMW.Z.2021.001.0009; D, E, NMW.Z.2021.001.0008; F, Senegal St. 2011410–SL12_5; G, St. 2011410–SL11: ZMBN115739): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, anterior region (ventral view, showing partially everted burrowing organ); C, anterior region (lateral view, showing thoracic/abdominal junction); D, nine abdominal chaetigers, towards posterior region, showing two posteriorly open lateral pouches (ventrolateral view); E, posterior region (ventral view, showing pygidium and several lateral pouches); F, middle section of palp, showing pigmentation of the non-papillated side; G, anterior region (dorsal view).
Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 1. Map showing the MIWA sampling area between Morocco in the north and Angola in the south, indicating the position of all sampling stations and current known distributions and depths for all magelonid species carrying posterior thoracic pigmentation off the western and southern coasts of Africa.
Figure 8 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 8. Magelona guineensis. Holotype (São Tomé and Príncipe, St. 5SP–05, ZMBN132137): A, B, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views respectively, showing pigment band); C, D, anterior region (dorsal and ventral views respectively); E, prostomium (ventral view, showing buccal region). C–E, stained with methyl green.
Figure 13 in Integrative taxonomy of West African Magelona (Annelida: Magelonidae): species with thoracic pigmentation
Figure 13. Magelona fasciata. (Ghana St. 7GH–02) (A, B, D–Z, holotype, ZMBN132144; C, paratype (NMW.Z.2021.001.0012): A, anterior region (dorsal view); B, C, prostomia (dorsal views); D, parapodium of chaetiger 1 (anterior view); E, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 1 (dorsal view); F, parapodium of chaetiger 2 (anterior view); G, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 2 (dorsal view); H, parapodium of chaetiger 3 (anterior view); I, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 3 (dorsal view); J, parapodium of chaetiger 4 (anterior view); K, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 4 (dorsal view); L, parapodium of chaetiger 5 (anterior view); M, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 5 (dorsal view); N, parapodium of chaetiger 6 (anterior view); O, ventral neuropodial lamella of chaetiger 6 (dorsal view); P–T, parapodia of chaetigers 7, 8, 9, 14 and 40, respectively (anterior views); U, abdominal chaetiger showing posteriorly open lateral pouch (lateral view); V, capillary chaeta from thoracic segment (lateral view); W–Y, bidentate abdominal hooded hooks (oblique lateral, lateral and posterolateral views, respectively, hoods omitted in X and Z for clarity); Z, eggs observed in the abdominal cavity.
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