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773 results for “orchids”
Data from: Predicting evolution in response to climate change: the example of sprouting probability in three dormancy-prone orchid species
Although many ecological properties of species respond to climate change, their evolutionary responses are poorly understood. Here, we use data from long-term demographic studies to predict evolutionary responses of three herbaceous perennial orchid species, Cypripedium parviflorum, C. candidum and Ophrys sphegodes, to predicted climate changes in the habitats they occupy. We focus on the evolution of sprouting probability, because all three species exhibit long-term vegetative dormancy, i.e. individual plants may not emerge above-ground, potentially for several consecutive years. The drivers of all major vital rates for populations of the species were analysed with general linear mixed models (GLMMs). High-dimensionality function-based matrix projection models were then developed to serve as core elements of deterministic and stochastic adaptive dynamics models used to analyse the adaptive context of sprouting in all populations. We then used regional climate forecasts, derived from high-resolution general atmospheric circulation models, of increased mean annual temperatures and spring precipitation at the occupied sites, to predict evolutionary trends in sprouting. The models predicted that C. parviflorum and O. sphegodes will evolve higher and lower probabilities of sprouting, respectively, by the end of the twenty-first century, whereas, after considerable variation, the probability of sprouting in C. candidum will return to its current level. These trends appear to be driven by relationships between mortality and size: in C. parviflorum and C. candidum, mortality is negatively related to size in the current year but positively related to growth since the previous year, whereas in O. sphegodes, mortality is positively related to size.
Data from: Is floral divergence sufficient to maintain species boundaries upon secondary contact in Mediterranean food-deceptive orchids?
Analysing the processes that determine whether species boundaries are maintained upon secondary contact may shed light on the early phase of speciation. In Anacamptis morio and A. longicornu, two Mediterranean orchid sister-species, we used molecular and morphological analyses, together with estimates of pollination success and experimental crosses, to assess whether floral isolation can shelter the species' genomes from genetic admixture upon secondary contact. We found substantial genetic and morphological homogenization in sympatric populations in combination with an apparent lack of postmating isolation. We further detected asymmetric introgression in the sympatric populations and an imbalance in cytotype representation, which may be due either to a difference in flowering phenology or else be a consequence of cytonuclear incompatibilities. Estimates of genetic clines for markers across sympatric zones revealed markers that significantly deviated from neutral expectations. We observed a significant correlation between spur length and reproductive success in sympatric populations, which may suggest that directional selection is the main cause of morphological differentiation in this species pair. Our results suggest that allopatric divergence has not led to the evolution of sufficient reproductive isolation to prevent genomic admixture upon secondary contact in this orchid species pair.
Data from: De novo transcriptome assembly databases in the butterfly orchid Phalaenopsis equestris
Orchids are renowned for their spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. After the sequencing of the genome of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, we combined Illumina HiSeq2000 for RNA-Seq and Trinity for de novo assembly to characterize the transcriptomes for 11 diverse P. equestris tissues representing the root, stem, leaf, flower buds, column, lip, petal, sepal and three developmental stages of seeds. Our aims were to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the analysed tissue characteristics and to enrich the available data for P. equestris. Here, we present three databases. The first dataset is the RNA-Seq raw reads, which can be used to execute new experiments with different analysis approaches. The other two datasets allow different types of searches for candidate homologues. The second dataset includes the sets of assembled unigenes and predicted coding sequences and proteins, enabling a sequence-based search. The third dataset consists of the annotation results of the aligned unigenes versus the Nonredundant (Nr) protein database, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases with low e-values, enabling a name-based search.
FIGURE 14 in Aleurodicus talamancensis, a new whitefly species damaging plantation bananas in Costa Rica, with discussion of a montane orchidfeeding population (Sternorrhyncha, Aleyrodidae)
FIGURE 14. Mature banana leaf completely covered by immature stages of Aleurodicus talamancensis.
FIGURES 1–3. Euglossa natesi n in Euglossa natesi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Chocó region of Colombia and Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURES 1–3. Euglossa natesi n. sp.. Lateral view (1), dorsal view (2) and frontal view (2).
FIGURE 10 in Euglossa natesi n. sp., a new species of orchid bee from the Chocó region of Colombia and Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
FIGURE 10. Map of the Andean region showing collection localities of Euglossa natesi n. sp.
FIGURE 5 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 5. Euglossa piliventris Guérin-Méneville, 1844 lectotype, habitus.
FIGURE 6 in Nomenclatural issues in the orchid bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) and an updated catalogue
FIGURE 6. Euglossa piliventris Guérin-Méneville, 1844 lectotype, labels.
Plastid genome evolution in leafless members of the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, with a focus on Degranvillea dermaptera
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: Leafless, heterotrophic plants are prime examples of organismal modification, the genomic consequences of which have received considerable interest. In particular, plastid genomes (plastomes) are being sequenced at a high rate, allowing continual refinement of conceptual models of reductive evolution in heterotrophs. Yet, numerous sampling gaps exist, hindering the ability to conduct comprehensive phylogenomic analyses in these plants. </p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: We sequenced and analyzed the plastome of <i>Degranvillea dermaptera</i>, a rarely collected, leafless orchid species from South America about which little is known, including its phylogenetic affinities. </p><p><strong>Key Results</strong>: We revealed the most reduced plastome sequenced to date among the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae. <i>Degranvillea</i> has lost the majority of genes found in leafy autotrophic species, is structurally rearranged, and has similar gene content to the most reduced plastomes among the orchids. We found strong evidence for the placement of <i>Degranvillea</i> within the subtribe Spiranthinae using models that explicitly account for heterotachy, or lineage-specific evolutionary rate variation over time. We further found evidence of relaxed selection on several genes and correlations among substitution rates and several other "traits" of the plastome among leafless members of orchid subfamily Orchidoideae. </p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our findings advance knowledge on the phylogenetic relationships and paths of plastid genome evolution among the orchids, which have experienced more independent transitions to heterotrophy than any other plant family. This study demonstrates the importance of herbarium collections in comparative genomics of poorly known species of conservation concern. </p>
FIGURE 2 in Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroidee, Neottieae), a new mycoheterotrophic orchid from Northeast Chongqing, China
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Cephalanthera yintiaolingensis (CQNM 0025462), photographed by Long Wang.
Figs 4–9 in A new species of Cephaloleia from Panama with description of larva and first record of orchid-feeding in Cephaloleiini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
Figs 4–9. Host plants of Cephaloleia orchideivora sp. nov. 4 – adult, feeding damage and egg on Oerstedella exasperata leaf held for several days in a plastic container; 5 – O. exasperata with damaged semi-closed terminal leaf hiding adult specimen; 6 – O. exasperata showing massive damage by the beetle; 7 – O. exasperata with adult in typical position in the axil between first and second leaves; 8 – Elleanthus cf. robustus, apical new growth with adult specimen; 9 – larva on near axil of youngest leaf of Elleanthus sp. on Cerro Jefe.
FIGURE 5 in The Kiandra leek orchid is the previously presumed extinct mignonette leek orchid (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae): evidence from morphological comparisons
FIGURE 5. Photo of a Prasophyllum retroflexum flower that has been stored in 80% ethanol.
Extensive pollinator sharing does not promote character displacement in two orchid congeners
<p>Pollinator sharing between close relatives can be costly, which can promote pollination niche partitioning and floral divergence. This should be reflected by a higher species divergence in sympatry than in allopatry.</p> <p>We tested this hypothesis in two orchid congeners with overlapping distributions and flowering times. We characterized floral traits and pollination niches and quantified pollen limitation in 15 pure and mixed populations, and we measured phenotypic selection on floral traits and performed controlled crosses in one mixed site.</p> <p>Most floral traits differed between species, yet pollinator sharing was extensive. Only the timing of scent emission diverged more in mixed than in pure sites, and this was not mirrored by the timing of pollinator visitation. We did not detect divergent selection on floral traits. Seed production was pollen limited in most populations, but not more severely in mixed than in pure sites. Interspecific crosses produced the same or a higher proportion of viable seeds than intraspecific ones.</p> <p>The two orchid species attract the same pollinator species despite showing divergent floral traits. Yet, this does not promote character displacement, implying a low cost of pollinator sharing. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing both traits and ecological niches in character displacement studies.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomical remarks on Promenaea microptera (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae): the rediscovery of a poorly known micro-endemic orchid from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Illustration of Promenaea microptera Reichenbach by M. Smith & J.N. Fitch (1915).
Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships
<p>Multiple Sequence DNA alignments of the Angiosperm353 target enrichment loci and their corresponding ML gene tree phylogenies</p>
FIGURE 1 in Platystele peruviana sp nov. (Orchidaceae), the smallest orchid from Peru
FIGURE 1. Map of the distribution of the different Platystele species in Peru.
Supplementary material 2 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
Checklist of the taxa recorded in the database : Data type: Table
Figure 5 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
Figure 5 - Distribution of the observations over time, collected in research projects or by volunteer contributors.
Figure 4 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
Figure 4 - Richness of taxa based on field data (observations). The number includes hybrids. Coordinates are expressed in metres, UTM WGS84 33N. Province abbreviations: AV = Avellino, BN = Benevento, CE = Caserta, NA = Naples, SA = Salerno.
Figure 6 from: Croce A, Nazzaro R (2017) An atlas of orchids distribution in the Campania region (Italy), a citizen science project for the most charming plant family. Italian Botanist 4: 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/ib.4.14916
Figure 6 - Distribution of the localities of the observations (punctual type) inside (black circles) and outside (open circles) protected areas (grey areas).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.