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FIG. 5 in Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography

FIG. 5. Coendou prehensilis (INPA 2875), the type species of Coendou. This is a long-tailed species that appears completely spiny because the quills conceal its short, sparse fur.

FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny for 45 in Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography

FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny for 45 ingroup (erethizontid) terminals; outgroup taxa are not shown. Labeling conventions and nodal support statistics are the same as in figure 3. Capital letters (A, B, C) indicate unnamed clades discussed in the text.

FIG. 3 in Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography

FIG. 3. Strict consensus of 14 equally most-parsimonious trees for 29 unique erethizontid cytochrome-b haplotypes (only ingroup relationships are shown). Sequenced specimens of Coendou are identified by country of origin, next-largest political unit (state, department, or province), collection locality number (mapped in fig. 1), and an alphanumeric identifier (tissue, voucher, or GenBank accession number; see tables 2 and 3). Nodal support values are bootstrap percentages.

FIG. 1 in Phylogenetic Relationships of New World Porcupines (Rodentia, Erethizontidae): Implications for Taxonomy, Morphological Evolution, and Biogeography

FIG. 1. Collection localities of sequenced specimens of Neotropical erethizontids (Chaetomys and Coendou). See gazetteer (appendix 1) for geographic coordinates and other information.

FIG. 4 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 4. Intergeneric variation of cloacal plate scales and precloacal pores: A, Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856; B, Arthrosaura reticulata, MPEG 19181; C, Colobosauroides cearensis, uncatalogued specimen from MPEG; D, Dryadosaura nordestina, MPEG 27738; E, Amapasaurus tetradactylus, MPEG 27370; F, Alopoglossus angulatus, MPEG 24372, a basal Gymnophthalmidae.

FIG. 3. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 3. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19856 (paratype). Drawing of the pericloacal region showing cloacal plate, precloacal and femoral pores. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 1. Marinussaurus curupira, in life, INPA 19856 (paratype). SVL = 56.2 mm. Photo by V.T. Carvalho.

FIG. 2. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19855 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 2. Marinussaurus curupira, INPA 19855 (holotype). Drawings of A, dorsal, B, lateral, and C, ventral views of the head. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIG. 6 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 6. Phylogenetic trees inferred from parsimony (PAR) analyses. A, Strict consensus of three equally parsimonious trees from the analysis of the morphological characters, (L = 76, CI = 0.684, RI = 0.784). B, Single most parsimonious tree based on combined analyses of morphology and molecular partitions (L = 2634, CI = 0.525, RI = 0.481). Numbers above branches are bootstrap support values (BS) and numbers below branches are total Goodman-Bremer support values (GBS). Open diamonds represent Bayesian posterior probability values of 1.0 (PP; only shown for the Ecpleopodini clade). Node X represents incongruence among trees under PAR and Bayesian methods. Clades in node Y represent the tribe Ecpleopodini, sensu Pellegrino et al. (2001) and Rodrigues et al. (2005).

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Fig. 1 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography

Fig. 1. Provenance of sequenced specimens of Marmosa (localities of sequenced outgroup specimens are not shown). Numbers refer to entries in the Gazetteer (appendix).

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Fig. 3 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography

Fig. 3. The maximum-likelihood tree inferred from the best-fit model of nucleotide substitution (table 4). ML bootstrap support values and Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated above and below branches, respectively. Branch and terminal labels follow the same conventions explained in the caption to figure 2.

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Fig. 2 in Molecular Systematics of Mouse Opossums (Didelphidae: Marmosa): Assessing Species Limits using Mitochondrial DNA Sequences, with Comments on Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography

Fig. 2. Strict consensus of 96 equally most-parsimonious trees (L 5 2198; CI 5 0.36; RI 5 0.80). Bootstrap support values are indicated above branches subtending species and conspecific haplogroups discussed in the text. For each terminal, country of origin, next-largest political unit (state, department, province, etc.), and an alphanumeric specimen identifier (from table 2) are provided. Numbers in parentheses refer to localities mapped in figure 1 and listed in the Gazetteer (appendix).

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Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50). in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50).

Fig. 4 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 4. Strict consensus of 18 equally mostparsimonious trees obtained by a heuristic analysis of the combined (nonmolecular + IRBP) dataset. Only ingroup (didelphine) terminal taxa are illustrated; ''caluromyine'' outgroups (Glironia venusta, Caluromysiops irrupta, Caluromys lanatus, and C. philan der) are not shown. Bremer support and bootstrap values are shown above and below each branch, respectively. See table 2 for other tree statistics. Labelled clades (C, F, G, H, I) are defined and discussed in the text.

Fig. 1 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 1. Dorsal and ventral views of the skin of the holotype of Chacodelphys formosa (Shamel), both approximately life size.

Fig. 3 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 3. Strict consensus of four equally mostparsimonious trees obtained by a heuristic analysis of nonmolecular characters. Only ingroup (didelphine) terminal taxa are illustrated; ''caluromyine'' outgroups (Glironia venusta, Caluromysiops irrupta, Caluromys lanatus, and C. philander) are not shown. Bremer support and bootstrap values are shown above and below each branch, respectively. See table 2 for other tree statistics.

Fig. 6 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 6. The savannawoodland border at Linda Vista near the Riacho Pilaga´, Provincia Formosa, Argentina, type locality of Chacodelphys formosa. Photographed by Alexander Wetmore in August 1920 (courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution Archives).

Fig. 2 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 2. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of Chacodelphys formosa (Shamel), all approximately four times life size.

Fig. 5 in On the Relationships of ''Marmosa'' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a Phylogenetic Puzzle from the Chaco of Northern Argentina

Fig. 5. Strict consensus of all MPTs recovered from heuristic analyses of 100 simulated datasets in which the missing molecular data for Chacodelphys formosa were replaced by random nucleotide sequences (see text). ''Caluromyine'' outgroups (Glironia venusta, Caluromysiops irrupta, Caluromys lanatus, and C. philander) are not shown. Labelled clades (F, I) are defined and discussed in the text.