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opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Data from: Achieving a step change in the tuberculosis epidemic through comprehensive community-wide intervention: A model-based analysis

Background: Global progress towards reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality has consistently lagged behind World Health Organization targets leading to a perception that large reductions in TB burden cannot be achieved. However, several recent and historical trials suggest that intervention efforts that are comprehensive and focused can have substantial epidemiological impact. We aimed to quantify the potential epidemiological impact of an intensive but realistic, community-wide campaign utilizing existing tools, and designed to achieve a "step change" in TB burden. Methods: We developed a compartmental model of tuberculosis transmission in a mid-sized city in India, the country with the greatest absolute burden of TB worldwide. We modeled the impact of a campaign comprising one-time community-wide screening with treatment for TB disease and preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI). This one-time intervention was followed by strengthening of tuberculosis-related health system achieved by leveraging the one-time campaign. We estimated the tuberculosis cases and deaths that could be averted over 10 years using this comprehensive approach and assessed the contributions of individual components of the intervention. Results: A campaign that successfully screened 70% of the adult population for active and latent tuberculosis and subsequently reduced diagnostic and treatment delays and unsuccessful treatment outcomes by 50% was projected to avert 7,800 (95% range: 5,450 – 10,200) cases and 1,710 (1,290 – 2,180) tuberculosis-related deaths per 1 million population over 10 years. Of the total averted deaths, 33.5% (28.2 – 38.3) were attributable to inclusion of preventive therapy and 52.9% (48.4 - 56.9) to health system strengthening. Conclusions: A one-time, community-wide mass campaign, comprehensively designed to detect, treat, and prevent tuberculosis with currently existing tools can have meaningful and long-lasting epidemiological impact. Successful treatment of LTBI is critical to achieving this result. Health system strengthening is essential to any effort to transform the TB response.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antibodies detect progression to active tuberculosis in South African adolescents

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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Targeted gene expression profiling of human myeloid cells from blood and lung compartments of patients with Tuberculosis and other lung diseases

This dataset comprises expression profiles of 43 genes related to MSDC functioning and 5 reference genes in 8 blood samples and 8 brochio-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from TB patients. Also included are results from blood and BALF of 2 'other lung disease' patients each.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Dataset for complete sputum smear monitoring among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in central Uganda: evidence from a retrospective cohort study

People with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) require sputum smear monitoring at 2, 5, and 6 months to establish treatment outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed and abstracted data for 416 persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB initiated on treatment between January 2017 and December 2019 across 11 large TB units in Masaka district in central Uganda. The dataset includes variables on health facility attributes and clinical factors. We defined complete sputum smear monitoring was measured as the receipt of three sputum smear microscopy tests at 2, 5, and 6 months of TB treatment.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Raw data-Predictors of tuberculosis in smokers

Data set regarding the predictors of tuberculosis in smokers

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Costing data for implementing mHealth facilitated tuberculosis contact tracing in Uganda

Introduction Mobile health (mHealth) applications may improve timely access to health services and improve patient-provider communication, but the upfront costs of implementation may be prohibitive, especially in resource-limited settings. Methods We measured the costs of developing and implementing an mHealth-facilitated, home-based strategy for tuberculosis (TB) contact investigation (CI) in Kampala, Uganda, between February 2014 and July 2017. We compared routine implementation involving community health workers (CHWs) screening and referring household contacts to clinics for TB evaluation to home-based HIV testing and sputum collection and transport with test results delivered by automated short messaging services (SMS) We carried out key informant interviews with CHWs and asked them to complete time-and-motion surveys. We estimated program costs from the Ugandan health system perspective, using top-down and bottom-up (components-based) approaches. We estimated total costs per contact investigated and per TB-positive contact identified in 2018 US dollars, one and five years after program implementation. Results The total top-down cost was $472,327, including $358,504 (76%) for program development and $108,584 (24%) for program implementation. This corresponded to $320-$348 per household contact investigated and $8873-$9652 per contact diagnosed with active TB over a 5-year period. CHW time was spent primarily evaluating household contacts who returned to the clinic for evaluation (median 30 minutes per contact investigated, interquartile range [IQR]: 30-70), collecting sputum samples (median 29 minutes, IQR: 25-30) and offering HIV testing services (median 28 minutes, IQR: 17- 43). Cost estimates were sensitive to infrastructural capacity needs, program reach, and the epidemiologic yield of contact investigation. Conclusion Over 75% of all costs of the mHealth-facilitated TB contact investigation strategy were dedicated to establishing mHealth infrastructure and capacity. Implementing the mHealth strategy at scale and maintaining it over a longer time horizon could help decrease development costs as a proportion of total costs.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Supporting data and results for manuscript: "Analysis of the limited M. tuberculosis accessory genome reveals potential pitfalls of pan-genome analysis approaches"

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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Tuberculosis-like respiratory infection in 245-million-year-old marine reptile suggested by bone pathologies

An absence of archaeological and palaeontological evidence of pneumonia in the remote past contrasts with its recognition in the more recent archaeologic record. We document an apparent infection-mediated periosteal reaction affecting the dorsal ribs in a Middle Triassic eosauropterygian historically referred to as 'Proneusticosaurus' silesiacus. High-resolution X-ray microtomography (XMT) and histological studies of the pathologically-altered ribs revealed the presence of a continuous solid periosteal reaction with multiple superficial blebs (protrusions) on the visceral surfaces of several ribs. Increased vascularization and elevated lines of arrested growth document that the pathology was the result of a multi-seasonal disease. While visceral surface localization of this periosteal reaction represents the earliest identified evidence for pneumonia, the blebs may have an additional implication: they have only been previously recognized in humans with tuberculosis. Parsimonious with this diagnosis is the presence of focal vertebral erosions, another manifestation of tuberculosis in humans.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Reversion of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by spiroisoxazoline SMARt-420

Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human health globally. Alarmingly, multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have now spread worldwide. Some key antituberculosis antibiotics are prodrugs, for which resistance mechanisms are mainly driven by mutations in the bacterial enzymatic pathway required for their bioactivation. We have developed drug-like molecules that activate a cryptic alternative bioactivation pathway of ethionamide in M. tuberculosis, circumventing the classic activation pathway in which resistance mutations have now been observed. The first-of-its-kind molecule, named SMARt-420 (Small Molecule Aborting Resistance), not only fully reverses ethionamide-acquired resistance and clears ethionamide-resistant infection in mice, it also increases the basal sensitivity of bacteria to ethionamide.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Activity-based protein profiling for target identification of JCP276 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections is a growing global health threat necessitating the development of new antibiotics. Serine hydrolases (SHs) are a promising class of targets because of their importance for the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell envelope. We screened a library of small molecules containing serine-reactive electrophiles and identified a series of narrow spectrum inhibitors of M. tuberculous growth. Using these lead molecules we performed competitive activity-based protein profiling and identified SH targets, including enzymes with uncharacterized functions. Lipidomic analyses of compound-treated cultures revealed an accumulation of free lipids and a substantial decrease in lipooligosaccharides, linking SH inhibition to defects in cell envelope biogenesis. Mutant analysis revealed a path to resistance via the synthesis of mycocerates, but not through mutations to target enzymes. We conclude that simultaneous inhibition of multiple SH enzymes is likely to be an effective therapeutic strategy.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Insight into modifiable risk factors for tuberculosis : a Mendelian randomization study(supplementary materials)

Detailed results of the above 5 statistical methods.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Unedited photographs of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies to practice an image processing protocol

Unedited raw photographs in TIFF file format of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) colonies grown in 7H10 agar plates inside a BSL-3 facility. To assay the bactericidal effect of different drug treatments, serial dilutions were performed per treatment in plate quadrants to ensure a countable range of colony-forming units (CFU). Each treatment has three replicates and a control without the antibacterial treatment. The plates were incubated until colonies grew to about 1–2 mm in size. Photographed using a Sony Alpha 7R II full-frame mirrorless color camera (7974 x 5316 pixels) under ambient laboratory lighting at a distance of 12–18 inches from the plates after placing the plates on a black background and behind the glass of the biosafety cabinet.

A Trial to Evaluate the Male Reproductive Safety of Pretomanid in Adult Male Participants With Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04179500. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 0.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Blood Tuberculosis DNA Levels to Monitor Tuberculosis Treatment

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06845618. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Universal Screening for Tuberculosis and Anemia With the CHICA System

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01322841. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Training Inmate Peer Educators in Detecting Tuberculosis in a Developing Country Prison: A Cluster Randomized Trial

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02744521. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.

StAT-TB (Statin Adjunctive Therapy for TB): A Phase 2b Dose-finding Study of Pravastatin in Adults With Tuberculosis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03882177. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Tuberculosis in a Multiethnic Inner City Population

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00005379. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 3.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Study of Interferon-Gamma in the Complex Treatment of Patients Infected With HIV and Tuberculosis

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05065905. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

A Study of Pattern of Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Undergoing Treatment at Assiut University Hospital

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04055441. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 6.