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1,053 results for “Computed Tomography”
Figure 12 from: Jochum A, Prieto CE, Kampschulte M, Martels G, Ruthensteiner B, Vrabec M, Dörge DD, de Winter AJ (2019) Re-evaluation of Zospeum schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 835: 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.33231
Figure 12 CT images of Zospeumsuarezi syn. n. of Z.schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862, paratype Z.suarezi (Gittenberger 1980), RMNH.MOL.55389 from type locality. Scale bar: 500 µm.
Figure 11 from: Jochum A, Prieto CE, Kampschulte M, Martels G, Ruthensteiner B, Vrabec M, Dörge DD, de Winter AJ (2019) Re-evaluation of Zospeum schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 835: 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.33231
Figure 11 CT images of Zospeumpraetermissum sp. n. holotype (RMNH.MOL.55391). F inclinate lamella G, I, K show upper lamellar bulge, central lamella, and columellar basal ridge. Scale bar: 500 µm.
Figure 10 from: Jochum A, Prieto CE, Kampschulte M, Martels G, Ruthensteiner B, Vrabec M, Dörge DD, de Winter AJ (2019) Re-evaluation of Zospeum schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 835: 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.33231
Figure 10 Zospeumpraetermissum sp. n. A–D holotype (RMNH.MOL.55391), shell illustrated by Gittenberger (1980: fig. 2) E–F paratypes (RMNH.MOL.339954). Scale bar: 500 μm.
Figure 1 from: Jochum A, Prieto CE, Kampschulte M, Martels G, Ruthensteiner B, Vrabec M, Dörge DD, de Winter AJ (2019) Re-evaluation of Zospeum schaufussi von Frauenfeld, 1862 and Z. suarezi Gittenberger, 1980, including the description of two new Iberian species using Computer Tomography (CT) (Eupulmonata, Ellobioidea, Carychiidae). ZooKeys 835: 65-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.835.33231
Figure 1 Map indicating geographic position of type locality caves of described species of Zospeum in northern Spain. From left to right: Cueva del Puente de Inguanzo (Z.gittenbergeri sp. n., Z.praetermissum sp. n.), Cueva de La Herrería (Z.percostulatum), Cueva de Búho (Z.suarezi, syn. n. of Z.schaufussi), Cueva de Las Paúles (Z.zaldivarae), Cueva de Otxas (Z.biscaiense), Cueva de la Ermita de Sandaili (Z.vasconicum) and Cueva Molino de Aso (Z.bellesi). Source of DEM data: ALOS Global Digital Surface Model (AW3D30), JAXA.
Fig. 16 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 16. Scan of teeth without (A) and with (B) software beam hardening correction. In yellow, cupping artefacts increase the reconstructed density at the edges (see plots of gray values along the yellow lines) and decrease it in the centre of the object. In blue, streaking artefacts create dark or white lines between structures. Images by MNHN.
Fig. 8 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 8. Sample mounting techniques for plant specimens of different sizes. A. Large samples (>10 mm). B–D. Medium-sized samples (1–10 mm). E–F. Small samples (<1 mm). Image from Staedler et al. 2013, reproduced under a CC-BY license.
Fig. 11 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 11. Histogram of the grayscale value frequency of the scanned specimen (bivalve Musculus costulatus (Risso, 1826). Each peak represents a different structure (in terms of density) of the scanned bivalve. Bright grayscale values (representing low densities) are located at the left side of the histogram, darker values (representing high values) at the right side of the histogram. A. The selection of a range including all peaks, reveals the more detailed morphology of the bivalve (both soft/low density and hard/high density structures). B. A restricted range of histogram values removes structures with brighter values (= low densities). C. A restricted range of histogram values including only one peak reveals only the darkest values (= most dense structures) of the bivalve which correspond to the shell. Image by HCMR micro-CT lab.
Fig. 18 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 18. Scan of a bivalve with (A) and without (B) noise after the selection of the appropriate parameters during the reconstruction procedure. Images by HCMR micro-CT lab.
Fig. 14. A in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 14. A marine worm (Polychaeta, Phyllodocidae, Phyllodoce). A. Photograph (CC-BY-SA Hans Hillewaert). B. Volume rendering. C. Isosurface rendering. Images B and C by the HCMR micro-CT lab.
Fig. 13 in Micro-computed tomography for natural history specimens: a handbook of best practice protocols
Fig. 13. Volume rendering of a specimen where the gray level coding for (A) air and (B) air+soft tissues are transparent. Histograms of the grayscale values are included for both images where the selected threshold is indicated by the blue line and the opacity curve is indicated by the red line. Image by MNHN.
Fig. 1 in The endocranium of the theropod dinosaur Ceratosaurus studied with computed tomography
Fig. 1. Ceratosaurus magnicornis (MWC 1, Fruita, Colorado, Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic). Specimen photographs of the braincase in posterior (A), left lateral (B), ventral (C), right lateral (D), and dorsal (E) views.
Figure 6 in Cranial anatomy of the Triassic rhynchosaur Mesosuchus browni based on computed tomography, with a discussion of the vomeronasal system and its deep history in Reptilia
Figure 6. Digitally isolated skull roof bones of SAM-PK-6536 in ventral view.
Data from: How little data is enough? Phase-diagram analysis of sparsity-regularized X-ray computed tomography
We introduce phase-diagram analysis, a standard tool in compressed sensing (CS), to the X-ray computed tomography (CT) community as a systematic method for determining how few projections suffice for accurate sparsity-regularized reconstruction. In CS, a phase diagram is a convenient way to study and express certain theoretical relations between sparsity and sufficient sampling. We adapt phase-diagram analysis for empirical use in X-ray CT for which the same theoretical results do not hold. We demonstrate in three case studies the potential of phase-diagram analysis for providing quantitative answers to questions of undersampling. First, we demonstrate that there are cases where X-ray CT empirically performs comparably with a near-optimal CS strategy, namely taking measurements with Gaussian sensing matrices. Second, we show that, in contrast to what might have been anticipated, taking randomized CT measurements does not lead to improved performance compared with standard structured sampling patterns. Finally, we show preliminary results of how well phase-diagram analysis can predict the sufficient number of projections for accurately reconstructing a large-scale image of a given sparsity by means of total-variation regularization.
Data from: Letting the "cat" out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography
The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) was an iconic Australian marsupial predator that was hunted to extinction in the early 1900s. Despite sharing striking similarities with canids, they failed to evolve many of the specialized anatomical features that characterize carnivorous placental mammals. These evolutionary limitations are thought to arise from functional constraints associated with the marsupial mode of reproduction, in which otherwise highly altricial young use their well-developed forelimbs to climb to the pouch and mouth to suckle. Here we present the first 3D digital developmental series of the thylacine throughout its pouch life using X-ray computed tomography on all known ethanol-preserved specimens. Based on detailed skeletal measurements, we refine the species growth curve to improve age estimates for the specimens. Comparison of allometric growth trends in the appendicular skeleton (fore- and hindlimbs) with that of other placental and marsupial mammals revealed that despite their unique adult morphologies, thylacines retained a generalized early marsupial ontogeny. Our approach also revealed mislabelled specimens that possessed large epipubic bones (vestigial in thylacine) and differing vertebral numbers. All of our generated CT models are publicly available, preserving their developmental morphology and providing a novel digital resource for future studies of this unique marsupial.
Figure 1 from: Samyn Y, Sonet G, d'Acoz C (2021) Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
Figure 1 Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) A focus-stacked view of the dorsal-lateral view of dissected specimen B focus-stacked view of the ventral–lateral view of dissected specimen C focus-stacked view of the dorsal–lateral view of a non-dissected specimen D focus-stacked view of the ventral–lateral view of a non-dissected specimen ESEM view of the rosettes from the shaft of a tentacle FSEM view of the 2-pillared tables from the introvert GSEM view of the rods and rosettes from a tentacle tip HSEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the dorsal body wall ISEM view of the 4-pillared tables from the ventral body wall JSEM view of the plates from the dorsal tube feet KSEM view of the plates from the ventral tube feet LSEM view of half of an end-plate from a ventral tube foot. Scale bars: 1 cm (A–D); 50 μm (E–L).
Figure 2 from: Samyn Y, Sonet G, d'Acoz C (2021) Exploring the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the taxonomy of sea cucumbers: a case-study on the gravel sea cucumber Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea, Phyllophoridae). ZooKeys 1054: 173-184. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1054.67088
Figure 2 Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) A micro-CT scan visualizing the position of the calcareous ring B lateral view with micro-CT imaging of the anterior part of the calcareous ring (AR: most anterior radial piece; AIR: most anterior interradial pieces; SAR: subsequent anterior radial pieces; SAIR: subsequent interradial anterior pieces; Mesh: meshwork of radial and interradial median to distal pieces) C oblique view with micro-CT imaging showing a guttered internal side of the calcareous ring D focus-stacked view of the calcareous ring and associated structures (T: tentacles; LM: longitudinal muscle with bifurcation point (BfP); PV: Polian vesicle: SC: stone canal). Scale bars: 1 cm (A–D).
Figure 1 in The skull of the rare Malaysian snake Anomochilus leonardi Smith, based on high-resolution X-ray computed tomography
Figure 1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Anomochilus leonardi (FRIM 0026) based on HRXCT data. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view with lower jaw digitally removed; D, anterior view; and E, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm. See key for abbreviations.
Fig. 9 in Redescription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Neotropical electric fish Iracema caiana Triques (Gymnotiformes: Rhamphichthyidae) using x-ray computed tomography
Fig. 9. Pectoral girdle of left side of Iracema caiana (MZUSP 49205, 235 mm SL; pectoral fin rays digitally removed). (a) Lateral view; (b) Midsagittal view. Anterior to left. Scale bar is 5 mm. Abbreviations: pt+scl = posttemporal + supracleithrum; cl = cleithrum; co = coracoid; sc = scapula; mco = mesocoracoid; and ra = radials.
Fig. 43. Character 2 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 43. Character 2 (morphology of the caudalmost portion of the maxilloturbinal) optimized on the Meredith et al. (2009) topology. For character state 2.0, the caudal maxilloturbinal is simple in morphology and is attached to the nasal cavity wall or floor. For character state 2.1, the caudalmost portion of maxilloturbinal becomes an enclosed tube that tapirs into a cone that is unattached to the nasal cavity. States for this character are illustrated in figure 38.
Fig. 41 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 41. Coronal CT images showing differences in the morphology of the ventralmost ectoturbinal (char. 20). (A) ventralmost ectoturbinal bifurcates (char. 20.0), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517); (B) ventralmost ectoturbinal does not bifurcate (char. 20.1), Dendrolagus lumholtzi, C280 (AMNH 65254). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.