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Fig. 1 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 1. Scleromystax reisi, holotype, male, MCP 49070, 49.3 mm SL, arroio Demétrio, Morungava, Gravataí, RS, Brazil.

Fig. 5 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 5. Right pectoral spine of Scleromystax reisi, paratype, male, MNRJ 43857. Small, whiskerlike odontodes removed. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 8 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 8. Map of northern Rio Grande do Sul State and southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil, showing the distribution of Scleromystax reisi in the laguna dos Patos drainage (yellow symbols; star = type locality) and the distribution of S. salmacis (red symbols; triangle = first record to the rio Tramandaí drainage).

Fig. 4 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 4. Infraorbital series and adjacent cranial bones, lateral view, of: Scleromystax reisi, paratype, MNRJ 43857 (largest image, left side); a. S. salmacis, MCP 28729 (right side, flipped horizontally); b. S. macropterus, UFRJ 4442 (left side); c. S. prionotos, UFRJ 4428 (right side, flipped horizontally); d. S. barbatus, UFRJ 4440 (right side, flipped horizontally). Arrowheads showing ventral expansion of infraorbital 2. Solid lines detaching ventral margin of infraorbital 2 and bone sutures. Eye removed from specimens in a-d. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 3 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 3. Detail of dorsal view of cranium of Scleromystax reisi, paratype, female, MNRJ 43857 (top), and S. salmacis, male, MCP 28729 (bottom; flipped horizontally, left infraorbitals and suspensorium removed). Solid lines detaching limits of bone sutures. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

Fig. 7 in New species of Scleromystax Günther, 1864 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) - extending the meridional distribution of genera endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 7. Scleromystax reisi, paratypes. Changes in the color pattern during early stages of the ontogenesis. MCP 48177, 13.5 mm SL (top); MCP 48178, 18.8 mm SL (middle); UFRGS 19191, 19.4 mm SL (bottom).

Image 10 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)

Image 10. Habitat destruction at Aarey Milk Colony for removal of soil for brick making. Note the exposed burrow due to this practice in the inset

Image 3 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)

Image 3. Haploclastus validus female from Aarey Milk Colony (Mumbai, Maharashtra) depicting coloration in life. Not collected

Figures 8–11. 8 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)

Figures 8–11. 8 - Spermathecae; 9 - Male palp, prolateral view; 10 - Male palp, retrolateral view; 11 - Male palp, ventral view (scale 1mm)

Figures 1–7. 1 in Robust Trapdoor Tarantula Haploclastus validus Pocock, 1899: notes on taxonomy, distribution and natural history (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Thrigmopoeinae)

Figures 1–7. 1 - Dorsal view of spider, scale 0.5mm; 2 - Eye, scale 1mm; 3 - Sternum, maxillae, labium, scale 0.5mm; 4 - Chelicerae, scale 1mm; 5 - Chelicerae teeth, scale 1mm; 6 - Maxillae, scale 1mm; 7 - Spinnerets, scale 1mm

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Phylogenetic and Spatial Distribution of Evolutionary Isolation and Threat in Turtles and Crocodilians (Non-Avian Archosauromorphs)

The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely high compared to other terrestrial vertebrate groups, with ~ 65% of ~25 crocodilian and ~360 turtle species now threatened by exploitation and habitat loss. Here, we combine available molecular and morphological evidence with machine learning algorithms to present a phylogenetically-informed, comprehensive assessment of diversification, threat status, and evolutionary distinctiveness of all extant species. In contrast to other terrestrial vertebrates and their own diversity in the fossil record, extant turtles and crocodilians have not experienced any mass extinctions or shifts in diversification rate, or any significant jumps in rates of body-size evolution over time. We predict threat for 114 as-yet unassessed or data-deficient species and identify a concentration of threatened crocodile and turtle species in South and Southeast Asia, western Africa, and the eastern Amazon. We find that unlike other terrestrial vertebrate groups, extinction risk increases with evolutionary distinctiveness: a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity is concentrated in evolutionarily isolated, at-risk taxa, particularly those with small geographic ranges. Our findings highlight the important role of geographic determinants of extinction risk, particularly those resulting from anthropogenic habitat-disturbance, which affect species across body sizes and ecologies.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Species distribution models of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii, Diptera: Drosophilidae) in its native and invasive range reveal an ecological niche shift

The Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is native to Southeast Asia. Since its first detection in 2008 in Europe and North America, it has been a pest to the fruit production industry as it feeds and oviposits on ripening fruit. Here we aim to model the potential geographical distribution of D. suzukii. We performed an extensive literature review to map the current records. In total, 517 documented occurrences (96 native and 421 invasive) were identified spanning 52 countries. Next, we constructed three species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrence records in: 1) the native range (SDMnative), 2) the invasive range in Europe (SDMEurope) and 3) a global model of all records (SDMglobal). The models aimed to investigate, whether this species will be able to occupy additional ecological niches beyond its native range and expand its current geographic distribution both globally and in Europe. The SDMs were generated using Maximum Entropy algorithms (Maxent) based on present occurrence records and bioclimatic variables (WorldClim). Predictions of habitat suitability vary greatly depending on the origins of occurrence records. According to all models, precipitation and low temperatures were key limiting factors for the distribution of D. suzukii, which suggests that this species requires a humid environment with mild winters in order to establish a permanent population in its invasive range. Several regions in the invasive range, not presently occupied by this species, were predicted highly suitable, especially in northern Europe, suggesting that D. suzukii is not occupying its full fundamental niche yet. Synthesis and applications. Based on these models of potential geographic distribution of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii), we show a shift in the ecological niche in D. suzukii populations, emphasizing the importance of using presence and local environmental data. Further investigation regarding new occurrences is recommended to secure optimal pest management. Despite a continuing expansion, many countries still lack proper surveillance schemes, and we urge policymakers to initiate appropriate management programs.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Data from: Complementary strengths of spatially-explicit and multi-species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) project the outcome of community assembly processes - dispersal, the abiotic environment, and biotic interactions - onto geographic space. Recent advances in SDMs account for these processes by simultaneously modeling the species that comprise a community in a multivariate statistical framework or by incorporating residual spatial autocorrelation in SDMs. However, the effects of combining both multivariate and spatially-explicit model structures on the ecological inferences and the predictive abilities of a model are largely unknown. We used data on eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensisL.) and five additional co-occurring overstory tree species in 35,569 forest stands across Michigan, USA to evaluate how the choice of model structure, including spatial and non-spatial forms of univariate and multivariate models, affects ecological inference about the processes that shape community composition as well as model predictive ability. Incorporating residual spatial autocorrelation via spatial random effects did not improve out-of-sample prediction for the six tree species, although in-sample model fit was higher in the spatial models. Spatial models attributed less variation in occurrence probability to environmental covariates than the non-spatial models for all six tree species, and estimated higher (more positive) residual co-occurrence values for most species pairs. The non-spatial multivariate model was better suited for evaluating habitat suitability and hypotheses about the processes that shape community composition. Environmental correlations and residual correlations among species pairs were positively related, perhaps indicating that residual correlations were due to shared responses to unmeasured environmental covariates. This work highlights the importance of choosing a non-spatial model formulation to address research questions about the species-environment relationship or residual co-occurrence patterns, and a spatial model formulation when within-sample prediction accuracy is the main goal.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species co-distributed across a microreserve network

Conservation plans can be greatly improved when information on the evolutionary and demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation is available for several co-distributed species. Here, we study spatial patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among five grasshopper species that are co-distributed across a network of microreserves but show remarkable differences in dispersal-related morphology (body size and wing length), degree of habitat specialization and extent of fragmentation of their respective habitats in the study region. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that species with preferences for highly fragmented microhabitats show stronger genetic and phenotypic structure than co-distributed generalist taxa inhabiting a continuous matrix of suitable habitat. We also hypothesized a higher resemblance of spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability among species that have experienced a higher degree of habitat fragmentation due to their more similar responses to the parallel large-scale destruction of their natural habitats. In partial agreement with our first hypothesis, we found that genetic structure, but not phenotypic differentiation, was higher in species linked to highly fragmented habitats. We did not find support for congruent patterns of phenotypic and genetic variability among any studied species, indicating that they show idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories and distinctive demographic responses to habitat fragmentation across a common landscape. This suggests that conservation practices in networks of protected areas require detailed ecological and evolutionary information on target species in order to focus management efforts on those taxa that are more sensitive to the effects of habitat fragmentation.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

BAM reference data: SEM raw data for the Particles Size Distribution of Al-coated titania nanoparticles (JRCNM62001a and JRCNM62002a)

The SEM images are given in the TIF format. For further information please look at: - Radnik, J. Kersting, R., Hagenhoff, B., Bennet, F., Ciornii, D.; Nymark, P., Grafström R. and Hodoroaba, V.- D. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11030639, and - Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba. (2021). BAM reference data: EDS raw data of Al-coated titania nanoparticles (JRCNM62001a and JRCNM62002a) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4986420 - Radnik, Jörg. (2021). BAM reference data: XPS raw data of Al-coated titania nanoparticles (JRCNM62001a and JRCNM62002a) [Data set]. Nanomaterials. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4986068 Measurement conditions: In the present work, a SEM of type Supra 40 (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) with a Schottky field emitter and an InLens secondary electron detector was used at a 5 kV beam acceleration voltage.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic - Estimates for Local Authority Districts

Overview: Population estimates from the publication: Population disruption: estimating changes in population distribution in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Population estimates were aggregated to Local Authority Districts (LADs).  Methodology:  Population estimates were extracted from Bing Tiles (Zoom Level 12) to 2019 LADs by assigning tiles to LADs by their percent areal overlap. This method assumes constant population distribution across a single Bing Tile. 2019 LAD boundaries are available from the <a href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/local-authority-districts-december-2019-boundaries-uk-bfc/explore">UK Government Open Geography Portal</a>.

opencc-zeroFeb 2015View details →

Mapping present and future predicted distribution patterns for a meso-grazer guild in the Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea communities consisting of key and endemic species are threatened by climate change. Using Ecological niche modelling, we map predicted distribution patterns under recent and future climate change scenarios (2050) for a food-web consisting of a guild of meso-grazers (Idotea spp.), their host algae (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) and their fish predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Brackish water species depend on two important abiotic factors: temperature and salinity. We assess which of these environmental factors determines the distribution limits of the grazers in the Baltic Sea today. For species in a semi-enclosed sea area such as the Baltic Sea, climate-induced changes may lead to dramatic food-web effects. We assess the consequences of the predicted climate-induced habitat range changes for this unique Baltic community.

opencc-zeroDec 2003View details →

FIGURES 1 – 8. Lopheucoila anastrephae. 1 in Eucoilinae species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) parasitoids of fruitinfesting dipterous larvae in Brazil: identity, geographical distribution and host associations

FIGURES 1 – 8. Lopheucoila anastrephae. 1. Head, anterior view (183 x, 100 m); 2. Female antenna (58 x, 250 m); 3. Flagellomerous 1 and 2 of male (170 x, 100 m); 4. Pronotal plate (160 x, 100 m); 5. Head, mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma, lateral view (74 x, 250 m); 6. Mesosoma, dorsal view (172 x, 100 m); 7. Forewing (10 x, 0,5 mm); 8. Metacoxa (163 x, 100 m).

opencc-zeroDec 2003View details →

FIGURES 9 – 15. Tropideucoila weldi. 9 in Eucoilinae species (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) parasitoids of fruitinfesting dipterous larvae in Brazil: identity, geographical distribution and host associations

FIGURES 9 – 15. Tropideucoila weldi. 9. Head, anterior view (228 x, 100 m); 10. Female antenna (179 x, 100 m); 11. Pronotal plate (391 x, 20 m); 12. Mesosoma and anterior part of metasoma, lateral view (168 x, 100 m); 13. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view (215 x, 100 m); 14. Forewing (10 x, 0,25 mm); 15. Metacoxa (261 x, 100 m).