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FIGURE 3 in Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene

FIGURE 3. Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh., Salzhausen near Nidda (Germany); middle Miocene (Langhian) brown coal of intravolcanic sediment deposits. A. Lectotype (white arrow) of Magnolia ludwigii Ettingsh. [MB.Pb.2005/0627.1] with syntypes. B. Original label with MB.Pb.2005/0627. C. Lectotype (white arrows, ventral and dorsal view) of Magnolia lignita (Unger) Mai [MB.Pb.2016/2470.1] with syntypes. D–E. Original labels with MB.Pb.2016/2470.

FIGURE 5. A in Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene

FIGURE 5. A. Vitis teutonica Braun, Salzhausen near Nidda (Germany); middle Miocene (Langhian) brown coal of intravolcanic sediment deposits. A. Lectotype (white arrow) of Vitis teutonica [MB.Pb.2005/0639.1] with syntypes. B. Original sign with MB.Pb.2005/0639.

FIGURE 4. Magnolia cor R in Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene

FIGURE 4. Magnolia cor R.Ludw., Weckesheim near Reichelsheim (Germany), Pliocene. A. Lectotype (white arrow) of Magnolia hoffmannii R.Ludw. [MB.Pb.2005/0628.1] with syntypes. B. Original signs with MB.Pb.2005/0628. C. Lectotype of Magnolia cor R.Ludw. [MB.Pb.2005/0354.1].

FIGURE 2 in Typifications in fossil-species of Brasenia, Magnolia, Vitis, and Symplocos from the central European Neogene

FIGURE 2. Brasenia victoria (Casp.) Weberb., Salzhausen near Nidda (Germany); middle Miocene (Langhian) brown coal of intravolcanic sediment deposits. A. Overview of the SEM-stub [no. 2017/1473–1474] with seeds of Brasenia victoria (Casp.) Weberb. (a–c) and Nymphaea doliolum R.Ludw. (d–e): a. Lectotype of Brasenia victoria [MB.Pb.2017/1474.1], e. Lectotype of Nymphaea doliolum [MB. Pb.2017/1473.1]. B. Higher magnification of the Lectotype of Brasenia victoria [MB.Pb.2017/1474.1] with apical cap (embryotheca). C. Brocken open seed (syntype) of Brasenia victoria [MB.Pb.2017/1474.2] with the visible interior multilayered parenchyma (inner testa) and the external columnar sclerotesta. D. Closer view of figure C of the thick-walled columnar sclerotesta.

FIGURES 70–71 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 70–71: Cyclotella jonesii. LM. Figure 70 is of Morphotype 1. Figure 71 is of Morphotype 2. Scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURES 64–69 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 64–69: Cyclotella pseudokansasica. SEM. Figures 64, 65. External valve views. Prominent spines or spine bases are located about the periphery of the valves. Multiseriate fascicles alternate with thick costae. Openings of the marginal fultoportulae are located near the base of the mantle. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figures 66–69. Internal valve views. The valves have a few to several scattered central areolae, and marginal fultoportulae positioned on every second or third costa. Scale bars = 1 µm (in figs 64–66, 68, 69). Scale bar = 2µm (in fig. 67).

FIGURES 56–63 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 56–63: Cyclotella pseudokansasica. LM. Valve views showing size diminution series. Fig. 61. Holotype. Scale bar = 5 µm.

FIGURES 50–55 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 50–55: Cyclotella stoermeri. SEM. Figures 50–52. External valve views. Fascicles are comprised of 1–3 rows of small areolae. The ribs are thickened and elevated, becoming thinner on the valve mantle. The valve center has enlarged areolae. Scale bars = 10 and 3 µm, respectively. Figures 53–55, internal valve views. Complex and simple alveolae are positioned around the perimeter of the valves. Thick and thin costae are evident, and marginal fultoportulae are evident on the recessed costae. Rimportulae are positioned also on the recessed costae. Areolae with domed cribra are evident in the center of the valves. Scale bars = 3, 2 and 1 µm, respectively.

FIGURES 32–37 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 32–37: Cyclotella discostelliformica. SEM. Figures 32, 33. External views showing valves with sunken and elevated central areas, respectively. Fascicles are composed of 2–5 rows of areolae. Openings of the marginal fultoportulae are located at or near the thickened ribs. They lack tubes or thickenings. The central portion of the valves have isolated areolae, that are larger than those of the fascicles. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figures 34–37. Internal valve views showing a single central fultoportula with 3 satellite pores, and marginal fultoportulae at every costa or every second costa. The rimoportula is located on or near a costa (arrows). Scale bars = 1 µm.

FIGURES 19–24 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 19–24: Cyclotella kansasica, SEM. Figures 19–21, external views. Flat valve face has striae with 3–4 rows of areolae towards the margin, and scattered areolae in the center, usually with one enlarged depression. Openings of the marginal fultoportulae occur on every rib. Thick spines or bases are visible on the margin of the valve. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figures 22–24, internal views. Marginal fultoportulae occur on every costa. A ring of simple alveolae is present on the mantle. Central fultoportulae are wanting. Central areolae do not reflect an enlarged opening seen externally. Scale bars = 1 µm.

FIGURES 6–9 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 6–9: Cyclotella idahica. SEM. Figures 6, 7, 9. external views. Valve views showing transversely undulate central area with irregularly arranged areolae and covered by bumps. Present are external openings of areolae and short tubes of marginal fultoportulae. Spines and/or spines bases are found on the valve face/mantle junction. Scale bars = 1 µm. Figure 8, internal view. Valve view showing location of one fultoportula on the valve face. Arrow indicates position of the rimportula. Scale bar = 1 µm.

FIGURES 1–5 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 1–5: Cyclotella idahica. LM. Valve views showing highly undulate valve face. Fig. 2. Holotype. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 40–49 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 40–49: Cyclotella stoermeri. LM. Valve views showing size diminution series. Note dissimilar lengths of striae. Fig. 40. Holotype. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 25–31 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 25–31: Cyclotella discostelliformica. LM. Valve views showing highly undulate valve face. Fig. 31. Holotype. Scale bar = 5 µm.

FIGURES 10–18 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 10–18: Cyclotella kansasica. LM. Valve views showing flat valve face and size diminution series. Scale bars = 5 µm.

FIGURES 72–77 in Morphology of some fossil lacustrine centric species from the western United States assigned to the genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyta), including four described as new

FIGURES 72–77: Cyclotella jonesii. SEM. Figures 72, 73. External valve views of Morphotype 1. Fascicles are comprised of fine areolae, while the tangentially undulate center has larger areolae. Marginal fultoportulae have tubular external openings, located on or about every other costa. Scale bars = 10 µm, respectively. Figure 74. External valve view of Morphotype 2. Multiseriate fascicles are comprised of areolae much smaller than those in the center of the valve. Scale bar = 2 µm. Figure 75. Internal valve view of Morphotype 1. Thick and thin costa are present. Central areolae are numerous. Scale bar = 10 µm. Figures 76, 77. Internal valve view of Morphotype 2. Marginal fultoportulae are located on recessed costae, and have 3 satellite pores. Central fultoportula is present, situated among scattered areolae with domed cribra. Scale bars = 2, and 1 µm, respectively.

FIGURES 4–10 in Morphological features and new description of the fossil species Thalassiosira dolmatovae (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 4–10: Thalassiosira dolmatovae, LM (Figs. 4–8), SEM (Figs. 9–10), external views of whole valves. Arrows show central fultoportula. Black line segment is scale bar = 10 µm for Figs. 4–8. a–c—valve in different focus. Fig. 4. Holotype. Fig. 5. Isotype. Figs. 4–6, 9–10, sample #CAS 608382. Fig. 7, #CAS 60269-s. Fig. 8. Paratype, Sample #CAS 608400.

FIGURES 24–29 in Morphological features and new description of the fossil species Thalassiosira dolmatovae (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 24–29: Thalassiosira dolmatovae, SEM. Figs. 24, 25 (enlarged fragment of Fig. 18), 27. Internal views of the valves showing central fultoportula (CF) and marginal strutted processes (MF) surrounded by 4 satellite pores, labiate processes (LP), and copula (C). Fig. 26. Internal view of the valve showing broken labiate processes (LP), central fultoportula (CF), and marginal strutted processes (black arrows). Fig. 28 (enlarged fragment of Fig. 17). External view of the valve with white arrows showing openings of simple occluded processes scattered on the valve face, and black arrow showing rounded opening of marginal strutted process. Fig. 29 (enlarged fragment of Fig. 15). External view of the valve with arrows showing outward extensions of marginal strutted processes with small rounded openings on their tops. Fig. 24, #CAS 60269-s. Figs. 25–26, 28–29, #CAS 608382. Fig. 27, #CAS 608400.

FIGURES 18–23 in Morphological features and new description of the fossil species Thalassiosira dolmatovae (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURES 18–23: Thalassiosira dolmatovae. SEM Fig. 18. Internal view of the valve with arrow showing occluded (?) areolae (OA). Fig. 20. Internal view of the valve showing labiate process (LP), copula (C), central fultoportula (CF) and marginal strutted processes (short white arrows) surrounded by 4 satellite pores. Fig. 19, 21, 23. External views of valves center showing opening of central strutted process (long arrows) and occluded (?) areolae (short arrows). Fig. 22. Enlarged fragment of Fig. 18 showing central fultoportula (CF), occluded (?) areolae (OA), and marginal strutted processes (short arrows). Figs. 18–22, #CAS 608382. Fig. 23, #CAS 60269.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological features and new description of the fossil species Thalassiosira dolmatovae (Bacillariophyceae)

FIGURE 3: Correlation of the Milky River Formation at the Sandy Ridge stratigraphic section with the North Pacific diatom zonation based on data of diatom stratigraphy indicating a latest Miocene to early Pliocene age (modified from Gladenkov 2003, 2006). Q— Quaternary. a–c—subzones. Diatom zonation of Barron & Gladenkov (1995) for the last 8 myr correlated to the geochronologic time scale of Berggren et al. (1995).