Find research datasets worth reusing

Table 4 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Table 4. Model selection of apparent survival probability (Phi) for model set 2: lipid weight contaminant classes.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>QAICc</th><th>Model</th><th>No.</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><td>QAICc</td><td>ΔQAICc</td><td>weights</td><td>likelihood</td><td>parameters</td><td>Deviance</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g)}</th><td>220.57</td><td>0.000</td><td>0.226</td><td>1.000</td><td>3</td><td>214.517</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + logPBDE)}</th><td>221.04</td><td>0.473</td><td>0.179</td><td>0.789</td><td>4</td><td>212.955</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + logHCH)}</th><td>221.11</td><td>0.544</td><td>0.172</td><td>0.762</td><td>4</td><td>213.026</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + logCHLD)}</th><td>221.67</td><td>1.104</td><td>0.130</td><td>0.576</td><td>4</td><td>213.586</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + logPCB)}</th><td>222.06</td><td>1.491</td><td>0.107</td><td>0.475</td><td>4</td><td>213.973</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g × logHCH)}</th><td>222.25</td><td>1.683</td><td>0.098</td><td>0.431</td><td>6</td><td>210.070</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + logDDT)}</th><td>222.46</td><td>1.894</td><td>0.088</td><td>0.388</td><td>4</td><td>214.376</td></tr></tbody></table>Note: g = group (SF, TB, and TMMC), PCB = polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT = summed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, PBDE = polybrominated diphenylethers, CHLD = chlordanes, and HCH = hexachlorocyclohexanes. c ͡ adjustment = 1.15. Highest ranked model highlighted in bold.

Table 6 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Table 6. Model selection of apparent survival probability (Phi) for model set 4: blood variables.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th>QAICc</th><th>Model</th><th>No.</th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><td>QAICc</td><td>ΔQAICc</td><td>weights</td><td>likelihood</td><td>parameters</td><td>Deviance</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + T4)}</th><td>217.45</td><td>0.000</td><td>0.481</td><td>1.000</td><td>4</td><td>209.366</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + T4 + T3)}</th><td>219.49</td><td>2.033</td><td>0.174</td><td>0.362</td><td>5</td><td>209.356</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + T3)}</th><td>220.04</td><td>2.587</td><td>0.132</td><td>0.274</td><td>4</td><td>211.953</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g)}</th><td>220.57</td><td>3.116</td><td>0.101</td><td>0.211</td><td>3</td><td>214.517</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + wbc)}</th><td>221.49</td><td>4.040</td><td>0.064</td><td>0.133</td><td>4</td><td>213.406</td></tr><tr><th>{Φ (g + IgG)}</th><td>222.04</td><td>4.589</td><td>0.048</td><td>0.101</td><td>4</td><td>213.955</td></tr></tbody></table>Note: g = group (SF, TB, and TMMC), T4 = total thyroxine, T3 = triiodothyronine, WBC = white blood cell count, IgG = total immunoglobulin. c ͡ adjustment = 1.15. Highest ranked model highlighted in bold.

Table 1 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Table 1. Mean and range for covariate values by group (SF = San Francisco, TB = Tomales Bay and TMMC = The Marine Mammal Center). The geometric mean is shown for contaminant concentrations (ng/g lipid weight).<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>SF</th><th>TB</th><th>TMMC</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Sample size</th><td>19</td><td>7</td><td>21</td></tr><tr><th>Morphology</th><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Mass (kg)</th><td>19 (13–27)</td><td>20 (16–25)</td><td>18 (13–25)</td></tr><tr><th>Length (cm)</th><td>85 (72–100)</td><td>88 (83–95)</td><td>86 (79–96)</td></tr><tr><th>Girth (cm)</th><td>72 (61–86)</td><td>74 (65–83)</td><td>69 (58–93)</td></tr><tr><th>Blubber depth</th><td>19 (14–25)</td><td>19 (14–23)</td><td>18 (13–22)</td></tr><tr><th>(mm) Body condition</th><td>1.0 (− 3.0–7.5)</td><td>0.1 (− 1.9–1.9)</td><td>− 1.0 (− 5.4–2.8)a</td></tr><tr><th>Sex (male, female)</th><td>9, 10</td><td>5, 2</td><td>9, 12</td></tr><tr><th>Blood IgG (mg/mL) WBC (/μL) T4 (nmol/L)</th><td>24 (20–33) 7.4 (4.3–11.1)b 28 (10–58)</td><td>26 (21–29) 8.3 (4.9–13.6)a, b 46 (18–62)</td><td>29 (26–32)a 10.1 (6.2–15.0)a 19 (7 40)a –</td></tr><tr><th>T3 (nmol/L)</th><td>0.86 (0.53–2.32)</td><td>0.61 (0.39–0.94)</td><td>0.88 (0.52–1.46)</td></tr><tr><th>Contaminants PCB</th><td>9,777a</td><td>1,794</td><td>1,148</td></tr><tr><th>DDT</th><td>(2,594–30,075) 7,179</td><td>(668–10,627) 3,897</td><td>(229–7,528) 1,616a</td></tr><tr><th>PBDE CHLD HCH OH</th><td>(2,738–24,436) 1,053a (360–2,874) 373 (125–883) 27 (12–57) 18,601a</td><td>(992–17,380) 192 (40–1,117) 252 (126–817) 43a (20 70) – 6,302b</td><td>(318–5,885) 154 (61–876) 99a (47–461) 24 (17–42) 3,160</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(5,836–57,855)</td><td>(1,952–27,880)</td><td>(672–14,599)</td></tr></tbody></table>Note: IgG = serum immunoglobulin, WBC = total white blood cell count, T4 = serum total thyroxine, T3 = serum total triiodothyronine, PCB = polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT = summed dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites, PBDE = polybrominated diphenylethers, CHLD = chlordanes, HCH = hexachlorocyclohexanes, and OH = the five contaminant classes summed. Superscript letters represent significant differences among groups.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

[Dataset] Electroelastic guided wave dispersion in piezoelectric plates: spectral methods and laser-ultrasound experiments

Research data for the purpose of reproducing the results presented in the journal publication titled "Electroelastic guided wave dispersion in piezoelectric plates: spectral methods and laser-ultrasound experiments"

Table 8 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Table 8. Weekly survival estimate, standard error, and 95% confidence interval from the top model: {Φ (g + T4)}.<table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>Estimate</th><th>SE</th><th>LCL</th><th>UCL</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SF</th><td>0.914</td><td>0.021</td><td>0.864</td><td>0.947</td></tr><tr><th>TMMC</th><td>0.886</td><td>0.028</td><td>0.820</td><td>0.930</td></tr><tr><th>TB</th><td>0.972</td><td>0.020</td><td>0.891</td><td>0.993</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 2 in Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Table 2. Results for the significant generalized linear model of summed organohalogen contaminants (OH) controlling for group (SF = San Francisco, TB = Tomales Bay and TMMC = The Marine Mammal Center)<table><tbody><tr><th>Dependent</th><th>Model</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>variable</th><td>parameter</td><td>Estimate</td><td>SE</td><td>t</td><td>P</td></tr><tr><th>OH</th><td>intercept</td><td>13.853</td><td>1.626</td><td>8.52</td><td><0.005</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>location_TB</td><td>− 0.929</td><td>0.319</td><td>− 2.91</td><td>0.006</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>location_TMMC</td><td>− 1.706</td><td>0.226</td><td>− 7.554</td><td><0.005</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>length</td><td>− 0.047</td><td>0.019</td><td>− 2.486</td><td>0.017</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere

Supplementary material for the paper  Irina A. Ekimova, Dimitry M. Schepetov, Brenna Green, Maria V. Stanovova, Tatiana I. Antokhina, Terrence Gosliner, Manuel Antonio E. Malaquias, Ángel Valdés, Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2024, 108214,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108214 Table S1. Specimens used in the present study with information on vouchers and GB accession numbers. Table S2. Best-fit models for each gene dataset and fragment length (bp) Table S3. Results of model test in ancestral area reconstruction analysis implemented in RASP Table S4. Distribution and ecological traits of Coryphella species. Table S5. Results of population analyses: pairwise Gst, Dst and Fst for Coryphella verrucosa populations. Table S6. Morphological traits of all currently accepted Coryphella species Data S1. Protocols for DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing Data S2. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment without Coryphella verta Data S3. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment with Coryphella verta Figure S1. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of five markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S + 18S), the dataset includes tropical Atlantic Coryphella verta. Species-level clades and outgroups are collapsed to a single branch. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference, numbers below branches – bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood. Figure S2. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood. Figure S3. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Bayesian Inference, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference. Figure S4. Results of phylogeographic analysis of trans-Arctic C. verrucosa (a), C. nobilis (b), C. amabilis / C. gracilis (c), based on the Coalescent approach from BEAST for the COI dataset using the tentative group-specific divergence rates of 6.1% My−1 for gastropods. Coding of each collection locality is given on the upper left, same localities were tested in the Ancestral area reconstruction analysis (AAR). For respective deep nodes the results of AAR are given, and divergent time estimates are displayed on respective nodes with error bars for node ages of 95% highest posterior density intervals. Colored dots in respective terminals indicate the collection locality for each specimen. Grey-shaded blocks indicate interglacial periods HOL (Holocene, Marine Isotope Stage 1 (M1)): 0-10 Kya, LIG (Last Intergracial, M5): 115-130 Kya, LBI (La Bouchet Interglacial (M7): 190-205 and 230-242 Kya, PI (Purfleet Interglacial, M9): 300-337 Kya, HI (Hoxonian Interglacial, M11): 374-424 Kya, M13 (Marine Isotope stage 13): 474-524 Kya. X-axis shows dating in Kya on A, B and in Mya on C.

opencc-zeroJan 2020View details →

Tracking the near Eastern origins and European dispersal of the Western house mouse

The house mouse (Mus musculus) represents the extreme of globalization of invasive mammals. However, the timing and basis of its origin and early phases of dispersal remain poorly documented. To track its synanthropisation and subsequent invasive spread during the develoment of complex human societies, we analyzed 829 Mus specimens from 43 archaeological contexts in Southwestern Asia and Southeastern Europe, between 40,000 and 3,000 cal. BP, combining geometric morphometrics numerical taxonomy, ancient mitochondrial DNA and direct radiocarbon dating. We found that large late hunter-gatherer sedentary settlements in the Levant, c. 14,500 cal. BP, promoted the commensal behaviour of the house mouse, which probably led the commensal pathway to cat domestication. House mouse invasive spread was then fostered through the emergence of agriculture throughout the Near East 12,000 years ago. Stowaway transport of house mice to Cyprus can be inferred as early as 10,800 years ago. However, the house mouse invasion of Europe did not happen until the development of proto urbanism and exchange networks — 6,500 years ago in Eastern Europe and 4000 years ago in Southern Europe — which in turn may have driven the first human mediated dispersal of cats in Europe.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Resolving the Northern Hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung moss Tetraplodon fuegianus

Premise of the study—American bipolar plant distributions characterize taxa at various taxonomic ranks but are most common in the bryophytes at infraspecific and infrageneric levels. A previous study on the bipolar disjunction in the dung moss genus Tetraplodon found that direct long-distance dispersal from North to South in the Miocene - Pleistocene accounted for the origin of the Southern American endemic Tetraplodon fuegianus, congruent with other molecular studies on bipolar bryophytes. The previous study, however, remained inconclusive regarding a specific Northern Hemisphere source region for the trans-equatorial dispersal event that gave rise to T. fuegianus. Methods—To estimate spatial genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships within the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, which includes T. fuegianus, we analyzed thousands of Restriction-site Associated DNA (RADseq) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms using Bayesian individual assignment and maximum likelihood and coalescent model based phylogenetic approaches. Key results—Northwestern North America is the most likely source of the recent ancestor to T. fuegianus. Conclusions—Tetraplodon fuegianus, which marks the southernmost populations in the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, arose following a single long-distance dispersal event involving a T. mnioides lineage that is now rare in the Northern Hemisphere and potentially restricted to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Furthermore, gene flow between sympatric lineages of Tetraplodon mnioides in the Northern Hemisphere is limited, possibly due to high rates of selfing or reproductive isolation.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

Data from: Simulating effects of fitness and dispersal on the use of Trojan sex chromosomes for invasive species management

<ol> <li>The use of Trojan Y Chromosomes (TYC) for controlling invasive species involves manipulating the sex chromosomes of captive-raised individuals. Once released, the offspring of these individuals consist of only one sex, thereby skewing the sex-ratio of the invasive population and potentially leading to eradication. Simulation models are needed that can inform managers on how to maximize the likelihood of species eradication, since implementation of this novel management approach in the field is still rare.</li> <li>Here, we present the first spatially explicit, mechanistic simulation model of a real-world TYC program for invasive species eradication. Using a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) system model, we investigated the effects of competitive and reproductive fitness of the captive-raised YY males, dispersal behavior upon their release, and landscape heterogeneity on eradication success.</li> <li>Likelihood of eradication was dependent on both the competitive and reproductive fitness of the Trojan individuals. Competitive fitness (i.e., survival) had a higher threshold for eradication, below which populations failed to be eradicated.</li> <li>Movement ecology of both the wild and YY male populations was important for eradication. Under a restricted dispersal scenario for YY males following their release, the wild population was not extirpated but maintained a stable, yet reduced, population size. In terms of landscape configuration, time to eradication of local patches increased with greater connectivity within the stream network.</li> <li>In addition to sex ratio distortion, density-dependent mortality resulting from outplantings made an important contribution to eradication and therefore may also affect native competitors.</li> <li>While our results indicate that eradication is possible, maximizing its likelihood requires an understanding of the fitness and movement ecology of both the wild and YY male populations of the invasive species. Both our model and the principles derived from this study related to fitness and behavioral landscape ecology can be broadly applied to other invaded species and systems.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Dispersal distances of radio-tracked cane toads in French Guiana

Like most invasive species, cane toads have attracted less research in their native range than in invaded areas. We radio-tracked 34 free-ranging toads in French Guiana, a source region for most invasive populations, across two coastal and two rainforest sites. Coastal toads generally sheltered in pools of fresh or brackish water but nocturnally foraged on beaches, whereas rainforest toads sheltered in forested habitats, moving into open areas at night. Over five days of monitoring, native toads frequently re-used shelters and moved little between days (means = 10–63 m/site) compared to invasion-front toads from Australia (~250 m). Larger toads moved less between days, but displaced in more consistent directions. At night, foraging toads travelled up to 200 m before returning to shelters. Foraging distance was related to body condition at coastal sites, with toads in poorer body condition travelling farther. Rain increased the probability of coastal toads sheltering in the dry habitats where they foraged. Dispersal and rainfall were lower at coastal sites, and the strategies utilized by coastal toads to minimize water loss resembled those of invasive toads in semi-desert habitats. This global invader already exhibits a broad environmental niche and substantial behavioural flexibility within its native range.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Retrieving 2D laterally varying structures from multi-station surface wave dispersion curves using multiscale window analysis

Here are the waveform data used in the Geophysical Journal International paper entitled "Retrieving 2D laterally varying structures from multi-station surface wave dispersion curves using multiscale window analysis". The dataset is used for the reader who wants to reproduce the result in the paper.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Hypothetical ensemble dispersion model runs with statistical verification

This dataset contains output from the dispersion model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion Modelling Environment) generated by modelling the hypothetical eruption of two volcanoes (Hekla and Oraefajokull both in Iceland) and a radiological release from 12 different locations across Europe. The hypothetical eruption of Hekla is a 12km eruption lasting 24 hours and the hypothetical eruption of Oraefajokull is a 25km eruption lasting 24 hours. Each of the radiological releases is a 1PBq Cs-137 release over 6 hours. The scenarios were modelling using three different sets of met data from the Met Office unified model; data from the global deterministic forecast, data from the global ensemble forecast and data constructed to form a global analysis.  Output from the runs is stored in gzipped tar files labelled <name>_scenario_<year><month>.tar.gz where <name> is hekla, orae (short for oraefajokull) or radiological. Each of these tarballs contains the output from all the runs with a release start date in the year and month given in the file name. The data is stored in NetCDF format with each NetCDF file containing the run output from a single run with one type of met data. For example the NetCDF file: 20181109T1200Z_engl_members.nc contains all the output from the run started at 12 UTC on 9 November 2018 using the ensemble global forecast met data.  For the radiological scenario output is the total integrated air concentration and the total deposition after 48 hours. For the volcanic eruption scenarios output is the hourly air concentration of volcanic ash on 22 vertical levels, hourly ash column load and hourly ash deposits. Two additional files are included. These contain the Brier skill score computed by comparing the ensemble and deterministic output to the analysis output and the maximum distance at which threshold concentrations are exceeded. Full details of the computation can be found in a paper submitted to Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. @Crown Copyright, Met Office

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains

Species richness is greatest in the tropics and much of this diversity is concentrated in mountains. Janzen (1967) proposed that reduced seasonal temperature variation selects for narrower thermal tolerances and limited dispersal along tropical elevation gradients. These locally adapted traits should, in turn, promote reproductive isolation and higher speciation rates in tropical mountains compared to temperate ones. Here we show that tropical and temperate montane stream insects have diverged in thermal tolerance and dispersal capacity, two key traits that are drivers of isolation in montane populations. Tropical species in each of three insect clades have markedly narrower thermal tolerances and lower dispersal than temperate species, resulting in significantly greater population divergence, higher cryptic species diversity, higher tropical speciation rates, and greater accumulation of species over time. Our study also indicates that tropical montane species, with narrower thermal tolerance and reduced dispersal ability, will be especially vulnerable to rapid climate change.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Legacy effects of seed dispersal mechanisms shape the spatial interaction network of plant species in Mediterranean forests

1. Seed dispersal by frugivores plays a key role in structuring and maintaining tree diversity in forests. However, little is known about how the spatial legacy of seed dispersal and early recruitment shapes spatial patterns and the spatial interaction network of plant species in mature forest communities. 2. We analysed two fully mapped mixed Pine-Oak forest communities using spatial point pattern analysis to determine (i) the detailed structure of the intraspecific spatial patterns of saplings and adults, (ii) the intra- and interspecific spatial interaction of saplings, adults, and saplings relative to adults, (iii) the spatial patterns of species richness at the community level, and (iv) whether seed dispersal mechanisms affect the plant-plant interaction networks and the ratio of adult to sapling neighbourhood densities used as surrogate for spatial self-thinning. 3. The intraspecific spatial patterns of saplings and adults showed in general complex nested cluster structures that were similar for sapling and adult stages, despite of substantial self-thinning in some dry-fruited species. The spatial network of saplings was characterized by positive spatial interactions. Adults of several tree species facilitated saplings in their proximity; however, adults of dry-fruited species, but not those of fleshy-fruited ones, lost almost all positive interactions that occurred at the sapling stage. Besides, interaction strength between adults was positive and often significantly stronger if both species were fleshy-fruited. At the community level, the forests were structured into multispecies clumps across all life stages. 4. Synthesis. Our analyses highlight the importance of the spatial legacy of seed dispersal and early recruitment in the assembly of plant communities. Particularly, animal seed dispersal can lead to multispecies clusters and positive spatial associations across life stages in Mediterranean forests, with surprisingly little signatures of negative interactions. Our analysis suggests that changes of the spatial structure across plant life stages are driven by seed dispersal mechanisms and subsequent spatial self-thinning, generating a spatial footprint at the sapling stage that conditions the long-term interactions between adult plants. Combining spatial point pattern analysis with network analysis and species traits is a promising way to disentangle the processes underlying observed patterns of local diversity.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Data from: Within-species trait variation can lead to size limitations in seed dispersal of small-fruited plants

The inability of small-gaped animals to consume very large fruits may limit seed dispersal of the respective plants. This has often been shown for large-fruited plant species that remain poorly dispersed when large-gaped animal species are lost due to anthropogenic pressure. Little is known about whether gape-size limitations similarly influence seed dispersal of small-fruited plant species that can show a large variation in fruit size within species. In this study, fruit sizes of 15 plant species were compared with the gape sizes of their 41 animal dispersers in the temperate, old-growth Białowieża Forest, Poland. The effect of gape-size limitations on fruit consumption was assessed at the plant species level, and for a subset of nine plant species, also at the individual level, and subindividual level (i.e., fruits of the same plant individual). In addition, for the species subset, fruit-seed trait relationships were investigated to determine whether a restricted access of small-gaped animals to large fruits results in the dispersal of fewer or smaller seeds per fruit. Fruit sizes widely varied among plant species (74.2%), considerably at the subindividual level (17.1%), and to the smallest extent among plant individuals (8.7%). Key disperser species should be able to consume fruits of all plant species and all individuals (except those of the largest-fruited plant species), even if they are able to consume only 28-55% of available fruits. Fruit and seed traits were positively correlated in eight out of nine plant species, indicating that gape size limitations will result in 49% fewer (in one plant species) or 16-21% smaller seeds (in three plant species) dispersed per fruit by small-gaped than by large-gaped main dispersers, respectively. Our results show that a large subindividual variation in fruit size is characteristic for small-fruited plant species, and increases their connectedness with frugivores at the level of plants species and individuals. Simultaneously, however, the large variation in fruit size leads to gape-size limitations that may induce selective pressures on fruit size if large-gaped dispersers become extinct. This study emphasizes the mechanisms by which gape-size limitation at the species, individual and subindividual level shape plant-frugivore interactions and the co-evolution of small-fruited plants.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2006View details →

Figure 2 in The first substantiated case of trans-oceanic tortoise dispersal

Figure 2. Map showing probable dispersal route.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2006View details →

Figure 3 in The first substantiated case of trans-oceanic tortoise dispersal

Figure 3. Aldabra tortoise at sea off Alphonse in December 2005. Photograph: J. Gerlach.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Data from: Predicting range shifts of pikas (Mammalia, Ochotonidae) in China under scenarios incorporating land-use change, climate change, and dispersal limitations

Two of the most important forces affecting biodiversity are land-use change (LUC) and global climate change (GCC). Previous studies have modeled their impacts on species separately and together, but few have done so for multiple species with dispersal limitations incorporated into the models. We integrate species distribution models plus a dispersal model to predict LUC and GCC impacts on the ranges of five species of pikas in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region of China. Pikas are sensitive to land-use and climate change, and have limited dispersal abilities. The predicted impacts of LUC and GCC on pikas vary between species as well as between LUC and GCC projections. Incorporation of dispersal limitations appreciably restricts the amount of colonized habitat. For all five species, the amount of habitat abandoned or colonized when LUC and GCC are modeled together is less than the sum of LUC and GCC modeled separately. Three of the five species experience a net increase in occupied habitat by 2080 relative to their current ranges under all modeled projections. However, relative to a "Dispersal Only" baseline scenario that assumes no environmental change but continued range expansion into suitable, unoccupied habitat, all five species suffer a net loss of occupied habitat by 2080 under some or all projections. Predictions of future distributions of species based solely on LUC or GCC, as well as predictions assuming additive impacts, can be misleading. Inclusion of dispersal limitations in models markedly alters predicted future distributions of species. The use of a "Dispersal Only" scenario provides a different and perhaps more accurate way to gauge net impacts to species. Future work should consider incorporating all these parameters to better predict the impacts of LUC and GCC on biodiversity.