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Fig. 1 in A Baited Time Sorting Pitfall Trap Allowing More Temporal Fidelity of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Activity

Fig. 1. Components of the TSPT. A) Internal view of the electronics, B) Carousel with vials in the 20 slots (note that lids are normally off when trap operational), C) Marine plywood, funnel, fake turf, and wire mesh, which make up the top of the TSPT, and D) TSPT set up with fake turf covering marine plywood with funnel and metal mesh in place. For field deployment it is recommended to raise to mesh slightly, as seen here with the 3 pieces of scrap pallet wood (1.5 cm in height).

Fig. 5 in Diversity of Scarabaeinae Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Cattle Ranches of Tabasco, Mexico

Fig. 5. Principal component analysis of monthly Scarabaeinae abundance throughout the year. A) Both ranches, axes show 89.7% of the variation in abundance, B) Tacotalpa ranch, axes show 90% of the variation in abundance, C) Centro ranch, axes show 98.5% of the variation in abundance.

Fig. 4 in Diversity of Scarabaeinae Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Cattle Ranches of Tabasco, Mexico

Fig. 4. Seasonal variability of Scarabaeinae richness, abundance, millimeters of precipitation (dashed line, solid line, and gray bars, respectively, in A and B), roller beetle abundance, burrower beetle abundance, and species richness (dotted line, solid line, and gray bars, respectively, in C and D) on two ranches in Tabasco, Mexico. Precipitation data from 2018 to 2020 were provided by the CONAGUA office for Tabasco. A, C) Tacotalpa ranch, B, D) Centro ranch.

Fig. 3 in Diversity of Scarabaeinae Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Cattle Ranches of Tabasco, Mexico

Fig. 3. Ecological segregation of Scarabaeinae on two ranches in Tabasco, Mexico. R1 = Tacotalpa ranch, R2 = Centro ranch, n = number of individuals.

Fig. 2 in Diversity of Scarabaeinae Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Cattle Ranches of Tabasco, Mexico

Fig. 2. Rank-abundance curves of Scarabaeinae on two ranches in Tabasco, Mexico. Ocy: Onthophagus cyclographus, Oba: O. batesi, Ola: O. landolti, Oan: O. anthracinus, Ppe: Pseudocanthon perplexus, Eme: Eurysternus mexicanus, Ein: Euoniticellus intermedius, Aca: Ateuchus candezei, Dga: Digitonthophagus gazella, Cco: Coprophanaeus corythus, Cin: Canthon indigaceus, Cle: C. leechi, Clu: Copris lugubris.

Fig. 1 in Diversity of Scarabaeinae Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Cattle Ranches of Tabasco, Mexico

Fig. 1. Rarefaction interpolated and extrapolated abundance-based diversity estimations of Scarabaeinae on two ranches in Tabasco, Mexico.

Fig. 3 in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources

Fig. 3. Dominance/diversity curves based on a) abundance and b) biomass of the dung beetle species of Scarabaeidae in three habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay. PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.

Fig. 1. a in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources

Fig. 1. a) Sample completeness curves as a function of dung beetle abundance in three study habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay, b) Coverage-based rarefaction (solid lines) and extrapolation (dash above endpoint for PHS) sampling curves for species richness of the dung beetle data from the three habitats. PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.

Fig. 2 in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources

Fig. 2. Diversity profiles for dung beetle assemblages in three habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay as a function of Hill numbers (q) with 95% confidence intervals (shaded areas). PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.

Fig. 1 in The Importance of Body Size Standardization in Functional Diversity Studies of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Spearman correlation results for the measurements used to assess body size in three Atlantic Forest dung beetle species (Canthon quinquemaculatus, Deltochilum komareki, and Eurysternus parallelus).

Fig. 4 in Structure and Composition of Dung Beetle Assemblages (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a Livestock Ranch in Central Uruguay: Responses of Functional Groups and Species to Local Habitats and Trophic Resources

Fig. 4. Detrended correspondence analysis ordination of dung beetle species sampled with baited pitfall traps in three different habitats in Puntas de Sauce Maciel, Florida, Uruguay. PHS = pasture on humid soil; PDS = pasture on dry soil; EP = Eucalyptus plantation.

Fig. 5 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 5. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal by standardized 1-g biomass of Canthon rutilans cyanescens, Deltochilum multicolor, Dichotomius sericeus, and Phanaeus splendidulus exposed to dog feces for two and seven days. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).

Fig. 4 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 4. Comparative analysis of dung removal and secondary dispersal of small and large seeds by single male/ female pair of Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Cr), Deltochilum multicolor (Dm), Dichotomius sericeus (Ds), and Phanaeus splendidulus (Ps) exposed to dog feces for two and seven days. Squares with the same letter and color are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).

Fig. 3 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 3. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by two paracoprid dung beetles as single male/female pair and three male/female pairs exposed to dog feces for two, seven, and 21 days. A) Dung removal capacity, B) Small seed dispersal, and C) Large seed dispersal by Dichotomius sericeus. D) Dung removal capacity, E) Small seed dispersal, and F) Large seed dispersal by Phanaeus splendidulus. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).

Fig. 1 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Arenas for the study of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles. A) Arena for telecoprids with 30 g of dyed feces divided into three portions of 10 g each with a variable number of artificial seeds, B) Closed arena covered with veil-type fabric, C) Arena protected from rain. D, E, and F show the same sequence for the arenas for paracoprids.

Fig. 2 in Comparative Analysis of the Ecological Functions of Dung Removal and Seed Dispersal among Two Telecoprid and Two Paracoprid Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 2. Box plots of the median, first, and third quartile, and lower and upper limits of dung removal and secondary seed dispersal by two telecoprid dung beetles as single male/female pair and three male/female pairs exposed to dog feces for two, seven, and 21 days. A) Dung removal capacity, B) Small seed dispersal, and C) Large seed dispersal by Canthon rutilans cyanescens. D) Dung removal capacity, E) Small seed dispersal, and F) Large seed dispersal by Deltochilum multicolor. Plots with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey test, P> 0.05).

Fig. 2 in Seasonal Variations in the Assembly of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae) Attracted to Macaque Feces in Temperate Forests in Japan

Fig. 2. Monthly capture rates (number of traps in which dung beetles were captured/total number of trap nights) of dung beetles on Kinkazan and Yakushima Islands, Japan. No sampling was done during June and September on Kinkazan, and during May on Yakushima. Numbers above the bars are the number of trap nights.

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Relationship of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) Abundance and Parasite Control in Cattle on Pastures throughout Maryland

Fig. 4. Random Forests (RF) predictor-based variable importance for total abundance of Onthophagus taurus, O. hecate, O. pennsylvanicus, Labarrus pseudolividus, and Blackburneus stercorosus in A) 2013 and B) 2015. Horizontal axes represent the eight predictor variables included in each RF model. Variable importance measures are reported as percentage increase in mean standard error (MSE) of model accuracy when the given predictor was removed from the model. Asterisks indicate significant predictors.

opennotspecifiedOct 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Relationship of Dung Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae and Geotrupidae) Abundance and Parasite Control in Cattle on Pastures throughout Maryland

Fig. 3. Yearly totals by month and farm type for Blackburneus stercorosus in A) 2013, B) 2015 and Labarrus pseudolividus in C) 2013, D) 2015. Sampling months include May (M), June (first J), July (second J), August (A), September (S), and October (O). Mean abundance ± SE per month is shown across all sites (total abundance, gray bars), for sites that did not use chemicals (NCU, black), and for those with chemical usage (CU, blue). Letters are used to indicate the significant differences in total abundance among months. "SI" indicates a significant interaction between "month" and "farm type".