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FIGURE 5 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of gracillariids sampled in the Russian Far East. (A) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens, Skovorodino, Amurskaya Oblast, 26.VI.2016; genitalia slide [39-female]; (B) Phyllonorycter nipponicella, Quercus mongolica, PK, Gornotaezhnoe, 23.VII.2016, [8-2016-female]. Scale bars: (A) 550, (B) 100 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of Caloptilia and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Caloptilia gloriosa, host plant Acer pseudosieboldianum, genitalia slide [13-male]; (B) Phyllonorycter cavella, Betula dahurica, [11-2016-male]; (C) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, [4-2016-male]; (D) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp. [14Pj-2016-male]; (E) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, [NK596-male]. Sampling locations: PK, Gornotaezhnoe, (A–D) 22–25.VII.2016, (E) 21.VIII.2015. Scale bars: (A) 350, (B–E) 200 µm.
FIGURE 14 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 14. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Phyllonorycter, Chrysaster and Cameraria spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Phyllonorycter sp. 7, host plant Ulmus glabra; (B–C) Phyllonorycter sp. 8, Juglans mandshurica; (D–E) Chrysaster hagicola, Lespedeza bicolor; (F–G) Cameraria niphonica, Acer pseudosieboldianum and A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, respectively; (H) Phyllocnistis sp. 1, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (b) blotch part of the mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (l) larva; (p) pupation site. Close up: (C–G) mine; (H) pupation site. Sampling locations: (A) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017; (B–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–26.VII.2016.
FIGURE 10 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 10. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Micrurapteryx and Caloptilia spp. from the Russian Far East. (A–B) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens; (C) M. gradatella, Vicia sp.; (D) Caloptilia acericola, Acer pseudosieboldianum; (E) C. alni, Alnus hirsuta; (F) C. betulicola, Betula platyphylla; (G) C. heringi, A. pictum; (H) C. stigmatella, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (p) pupation site; (f) folded leaf margin or leaf tip; (r1–r2) rolled leaf margin or leaf tip (the indexes 1 and 2 indicate the order of construction appearance); *mine of Diptera. Close up: (C, G, H) mine. Sampling locations: (A–C) AO, Skovorodino, 26.VI.2016; (D) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–27.VII.2016; (E–H) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017.
FIGURES 7–23 in A review of Aphidius Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran: host associations, distribution and taxonomic notes
FIGURES 7–23. First (F1), second (F2), penultimate and terminal flagellomeres of Aphidius species. 7, A. absinthii; 8, A. cingulatus; 9, A. colemani; 10, A. eadyi; 11, A. ervi; 12, A. funebris; 13, A. matricariae; 14, A. persicus; 15, A. popovi; 16, A. rhopalosiphi; 17, A. rosae; 18, A. salicis; 19, A. setiger; 20, A. smithi; 21, A. transcaspicus; 22, A. urticae; 23, A. uzbekistanicus. LPl = longitudinal placode. Scale bars = 100 micrometers.
Figs. 1–3 in First United States Record for Physonota disjuncta (Chevrolat, 1834) and a First Host Plant Association (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Ischyrosonychini)
Figs. 1–3. Physonota disjuncta on Roldana hartwegii in Arizona, USA. 1) Adult with fecal egg case on host leaf;
Fig. 1 in New Turfgrass Host Associations and Regional Detections for the Flea Beetle Chaetocnema minuta Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Southwestern United States
Fig. 1. Adult and larva of Chaetocnema minuta isolated from damaged creeping bentgrass in southern Utah (photo: A. Van DYke).
Fig. 3. Cleopomiarus caucasicus and host plant. A in Miarus Schoenherr and Cleopomiarus Pierce (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Species Associated with Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) Plants in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Fig. 3. Cleopomiarus caucasicus and host plant. A) Adult male, dorsal view, B) Adult female, dorsal view, C) Aedeagus, front view, D) Campanula trachelium, host plant, E) Egg, deposited in the ovary of a flower, F) Larva feeding in ovary with young seeds.
Fig. 2. Cleopomiarus distinctus and host plants. A in Miarus Schoenherr and Cleopomiarus Pierce (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Species Associated with Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) Plants in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Fig. 2. Cleopomiarus distinctus and host plants. A) Adult male, dorsal view, B) Adult female, dorsal view, C) Aedeagus, front view, D) Campanula alliariiafolia (white) and Campanula rapunculoides, host plants, E) Egg, deposited in the ovary of a flower, F) Larvae feeding in ovary with young seeds.
Fig. 1. Miarus ajugae and host plant. A in Miarus Schoenherr and Cleopomiarus Pierce (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Species Associated with Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) Plants in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Fig. 1. Miarus ajugae and host plant. A) Adult male, dorsal view, B) Adult female, dorsal view, C) Aedeagus, dorsal view, D) Campanula lactiflora, host plant, E) Egg, deposited in the ovary of a flower, F) Larva feeding in ovary with young seeds.
FIGURE 1 in Studies of botryosphaerialean fungi associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts in Dongling Mountain of China
FIGURE 1. Phylogram of Botryosphaeriales based on combined ITS, LSU, and TEF-1α genes. MP and ML bootstrap support values above 50 % are shown at the first and second position respectively. Thickened branches represent posterior probabilities above 0.95 from BI. Type species are in bold. Strains in the current study are in blue.
FIGURE 2 in Studies of botryosphaerialean fungi associated with canker and dieback of tree hosts in Dongling Mountain of China
FIGURE 2. Morphology of Phaeobotryon rhoinum from Rhus typhina (CF 201782). A: Symptoms on the host. B, C: Habit of pycnidia on a twig. D: Transverse section of pycnidia. E: Longitudinal section through pycnidia. F–H: Conidiogenous cells and conidia. I: immature conidia. J–K: mature conidia. Scale bars: B = 1 mm; C–E = 500 μm; F–K = 10 μm.
Data from: Using a comprehensive DNA barcode library to detect novel egg and larval host plant associations in a Cephaloleia Rolled-leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
To fully understand the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore interactions, information regarding the life history of both immature and adult insect stages is essential. However, most knowledge of plant-herbivore associations is derived from observations of adults. One reason for this bias is that species identification of immature stages is usually challenging. DNA barcodes can be used to identify immature stages to the species-level. This technique compares short sequences of the appropriate DNA barcode loci (e.g., mitochondrial COI gene for insects) of an unidentified specimen to a known DNA barcode library. The accuracy of DNA-based identifications depends on the comprehensiveness of the DNA barcode library. We generated a comprehensive DNA barcode library for a community of Rolled-leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in a premontane tropical forest in Costa Rica. The DNA barcode COI accurately identified all beetle species included in this study. Using this DNA barcode library, we identified eggs and larvae of Cephaloleia histrionica Baly with 100% confidence. This new record of C. histrionica is unique in that this species completes its life cycle on a bromeliad, whereas most Cephaloleia species are associated with plants from the order Zingiberales. The life cycle, diet breadth, immature stages, and sexual dimorphism are described for C. histrionica.
Data from: Host species and environmental effects on bacterial communities associated with Drosophila in the laboratory and in the natural environment
The fruit fly Drosophila is a classic model organism to study adaptation as well as the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypes. Although associated bacterial communities might be important for many aspects of Drosophila biology, knowledge about their diversity, composition, and factors shaping them is limited. We used 454-based sequencing of a variable region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities associated with wild and laboratory Drosophila isolates. In order to specifically investigate effects of food source and host species on bacterial communities, we analyzed samples from wild Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans collected from a variety of natural substrates, as well as from adults and larvae of nine laboratory-reared Drosophila species. We find no evidence for host species effects in lab-reared flies; instead, lab of origin and stochastic effects, which could influence studies of Drosophila phenotypes, are pronounced. In contrast, the natural Drosophila–associated microbiota appears to be predominantly shaped by food substrate with an additional but smaller effect of host species identity. We identify a core member of this natural microbiota that belongs to the genus Gluconobacter and is common to all wild-caught flies in this study, but absent from the laboratory. This makes it a strong candidate for being part of what could be a natural D. melanogaster and D. simulans core microbiome. Furthermore, we were able to identify candidate pathogens in natural fly isolates.
Data from: Cryptic diversity, high host specificity and reproductive synchronization in army ant-associated Vatesus beetles
Army ants and their arthropod symbionts represent one of the most species-rich animal associations on Earth, and constitute a fascinating example of diverse host-symbiont interaction networks. However, despite decades of research, our knowledge of army ant symbionts remains fragmentary due to taxonomic ambiguity and the inability to study army ants in the lab. Here we present an integrative approach that allows us to reliably determine species boundaries, assess biodiversity, match different developmental stages and sexes, and to study the life cycles of army ant symbionts. This approach is based on a combination of community sampling, DNA barcoding, morphology and physiology. As a test case, we applied this approach to the staphylinid beetle genus Vatesus and its different Eciton army ant host species at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. DNA barcoding led to the discovery of cryptic biodiversity and, in combination with extensive community sampling, revealed strict host partitioning with no overlap in host range. Using DNA barcoding, we were also able to match the larval stages of all focal Vatesus species. In combination with studies of female reproductive physiology, this allowed us to reconstruct almost the complete life cycles of the different beetle species. We show that Vatesus beetles are highly adapted to the symbiosis with army ants, in that their reproduction and larval development are synchronized with the stereotypical reproductive and behavioral cycles of their host colonies. Our approach can now be used to study army ant-symbiont communities more broadly, and to obtain novel insights into co-evolutionary and ecological dynamics in species-rich host-symbiont systems.
FIGURES 1–7. Sphaeropthalma jacala. 1 in Description of the female, redescription of the male, and host associations of the Nearctic species Sphaeropthalma jacala Schuster (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
FIGURES 1–7. Sphaeropthalma jacala. 1. Mandible of male, frontal view; 2. Mandible of male, lateral view; 3. Posterior portion of head of male, dorsal view; 4. Genitalia, lateral view; 5. Genitalia, ventral view left, dorsal view right; 6. Antenna of female, lateral view; 7. Mesosoma of female, dorsal view.
FIGURES 8–9. Sphaeropthalma jacala female. 8 in Description of the female, redescription of the male, and host associations of the Nearctic species Sphaeropthalma jacala Schuster (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
FIGURES 8–9. Sphaeropthalma jacala female. 8. Head, ventral view, punctuation and setae removed; 9. Head, frontal view.
FIGURES 668–672 in Rearing mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from host plants as an instrument for associating females with males, with the description of seven new species
FIGURES 668–672. Phytomyza torilisi spec. nov.; 668 a–b: spermathecae and ventral receptacle proportionally; a: spermathecae; b: ventral receptacle; 669: phallus and ejaculatory apodeme proportionally viewed from the side; 670: ejaculatory apodeme; 671: hypandrium viewed from the side; 672: epandrium and hypandrium viewed from below.
FIGURES 657–661 in Rearing mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from host plants as an instrument for associating females with males, with the description of seven new species
FIGURES 657–661. Phytomyza spinaciae Hendel; 657: cephalopharyngeal skeleton; 658: frontal view of head; 659: head viewed from the side; 660: oviscape, ventral receptacle and spermatheca proportionally; 661: ventral receptacle.
FIGURES 673–679. Figure 673 in Rearing mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from host plants as an instrument for associating females with males, with the description of seven new species
FIGURES 673–679. Figure 673: Phytomyza crassiseta Zetterstedt, fronto-lateral view of head; Figures 674–679: P. veronicicola Hering; 674: cephalopharyngeal skeleton; 675: fronto-lateral view of head; 676: head viewed from the side; 677: oviscape, ventral receptacle and spermathecae proportionally; 678: spermathecae; 679: ventral receptacle.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.