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Fig. 6 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 6. Postcrania of Plesiosauria indet. A. OUMNH J.50338,?femur of a juvenile plesiosaur, from Headington (Oxfordshire),?middle Oxfordian, in lateral (A1), anterior (A2), medial (A3), posterior (A4), proximal (A5), and distal (A6) views. B. OUMNH J.10349, from Headington (Oxfordshire),?middle Oxfordian, fragment of a girdle element in ventral (B1) and dorsal (B2) views. C. OUMNH J.12340/1,2, from Hatford Farington (Berkshire), pectoral (C1) and dorsal (C2) vertebrae.

Fig. 5 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 5. Teeth of the pliosaurid reptile "Pliosaurus" grossouvrei Sauvage, 1873 (A, B) and "Pliosaurus" andrewsi Tarlo, 1960 (C). A. NHMUK PV OR 47044, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (A1), axial (A2, A4), lingual (A3), and apical (A5) views. B. NHMUK PV OR 47971a, from Malton (Yorkshire), middle Oxfordian, in labial (B1), axial (B2), and oblique axial/labial (B3) views. C. NHMUK PV R3891, from Peterborough Cambridgeshire), Callovian, in lingual (C1) and axial (C2) views.

Fig. 2 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic columns showing the Oxfordian geological succession the main Corallian fossiliferous counties (from Cope 2000; Wright 2006, 2009; Coe 1995). Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; L. Calc., Lower Calcareous; Mb., Member; W.L.M, Wheatley Limestone Member;? uncertain occurrence/lost specimen; * from Bedsfordshire. For explanations of animal silhouettes please see Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 in Filling the Corallian gap: New information on Late Jurassic marine reptile faunas from England

Fig. 3. Teeth of Plesiosauroidea. A. BRSMG Cd5593, cf. Muraenosaurus, from Seend (Whiltshire), lower to middle Oxfordian. B. OUMNH J.47559, Cryptroclididae indet., from Headington (Oxfordshire), middle Oxfordian. C. NHMUK PV R 2861, Muraenosaurus leedsi Seeley, 1874, from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. D. NHMUK PV R3539, Tricleidus seeleyi Andrews, 1909 from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. E. CAMSM J.30070, Cryptoclididae indet. from Ely (Cambridgeshire), Kimmeridgian. F. NHMUK PV R8621, Cryptoclidus eurymerus (Phillips, 1871) from Peterborough (Cambridgeshire), Callovian. G. NHMUK PV R8431, Kimmerosaurus langhami Brown, 1981 from Endcombe Bay (Dorset), Tithonian. A1, B, C4–G4, labial, A2, A3, C1–G1, C3–G3, axial, and C2–G2, lingual views. Note the similarities in the distribution and shape of ornamentation in A and E. C–G modified from Brown (1981).

Fig. 3 in Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens?

Fig. 3. Dispersion graph including values of thickness and diameter of osteoderms from dorsal carapace of Glyptodon and Glyptotherium in different ontogenetic stages.

Fig. 2 in Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens?

Fig. 2. Juvenile. Osteoderms of the dorsal caparace (A–I) and caudal armor (J–K) of juvenile glyptodont Glyptotherium sp. (UNIRIO-PM 6231) from the Late Pleistocene of Aurora do Tocantins, Brazil; in external (A1–K1), internal (A2, C2), and lateral (A3, B2, C3, D2–K2) views.

Fig. 1 in Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens?

Fig. 1. Map showing the geographic distribution of Glyptodontinae recorded in Brazil (A) and location of studied area within State of Tocantins (B).

Fig. 6 in Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens?

Fig. 6. Osteoderm histology of juvenile glyptodont Glyptotherium sp. (UNIRIO-PM 6231) from the Late Pleistocene of Aurora do Tocantins, Brazil. A. Osteoderm from lateral regions of the dorsal carapace (II), showing highly vascularized superficial cortex composed of woven fibered bone; several vascular canals are opened to the surface. Natural light photograph (A1), under polarized light (A2). Note the monorefrigent nature of the cortical tissue. B. Close up of the woven fibered bone matrix; bone cell lacunae are abundant and they are haphazardly arranged. C. Detail of the cortical bone at the marginal region of the osteoderm; the vascular spaces are larger than in the superficial cortex of the same specimen. Patches of slightly birefringent tissue are present, indicating preferential fiber orientation in some areas (C2). Natural light photograph (C1), under polarized light (C2). D. Osteoderm from lateral regions of the dorsal carapace (III); showing woven fibered bone in the marginal region of the osteoderm viewed under polarized light with lambda compensator. E. Resorpion cavities in the inner core. The bone trabeculae are composed of woven fibered bone. F. Cortical bone at deep cortex. Natural light photograph (F1), under polarized light with lambda compensator (F2). Abbreviations: its, inter-trabecular spaces; nvc, neurovascular canals.

Fig. 5 in Distinguishing Quaternary glyptodontine cingulates in South America: How informative are juvenile specimens?

Fig. 5. Osteoderm microanatomy of juvenile glyptodont Glyptotherium sp. (UNIRIO-PM 6231) from the Late Pleistocene of Aurora do Tocantins, Brazil. General view of the complete sections. A. Osteoderm from the medial zone of the dorsal carapace (I). B, C. Osteoderms from lateral regions of the dorsal carapace (II and III).

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Fig. 1 in EEMIS Corte 2009 - Systèmes d'information et évaluation de la loi de santé publique

Fig. 1. Cyrtocrinid columnals from Lejowa Valley in Tatra Mountains, Poland. A–D. Rhaetian, Upper Triassic. A. Latera, GIUS 7−3474/1. B. Latera, GIUS 7−3474/2. C. Facet, GIUS 7−3474/3. D. Latera, GIUS 7−3474/4. E, F. Hettangian, Lower Jurassic. E. Facet, GIUS 8−3472/1. F. Latera, GIUS 7−3472/2. Scale bars 1 mm.

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Fig. 4. Allometric relationships among bone measurements concerning four sexually dimorphic skeletal ratios. A in New information on sexual dimorphism and allometric growth in Keichousaurus hui, a pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou, South China

Fig. 4. Allometric relationships among bone measurements concerning four sexually dimorphic skeletal ratios. A. Humerus length vs. snout-vent length. B. Femur length vs. snout-vent length. C. Humerus vs. femur length. D. Maximum vs. minimum width of humerus.

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Fig. 1 in New information on sexual dimorphism and allometric growth in Keichousaurus hui, a pachypleurosaur from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou, South China

Fig. 1. General appearance of typical individuals of pachypleurosaur Keichousaurus hui Young, 1958, late Ladinian of Middle Triassic Xingyi, Guizhou Province. The sexually dimorphic features of the forelimb are marked by black ellipses. A. WS 28-R5, female. B. WS 30-R39, male.

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Fig. 2 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 2. Close up of the medial face of the deltopectoral crest of hardosaurid Saurolophus (MPC−D100/764) from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia. Black arrows indicate some of the drag marks left by the teeth of the theropod, with their orientation also indicated by the direction of the arrow. The grey arrow points to a bite and drag mark where a slight surface drag mark later goes deeper into the bone cortex close to the edge of the crest.

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Fig. 3 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 3. Close−up of bite marks on the on distal end of left humerus of hadrosaurid Saurolophus (MPC−D100/764) from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia. Black arrows indicate deep scores that penetrate the cortex on the end of the bone. White arrows indicate deep puncture marks on the surface of the bone.

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Fig. 1. MPC−D100 in New information on scavenging and selective feeding behaviour of tyrannosaurids

Fig. 1. MPC−D100/764, a left humerus of hadrosaurid Saurolophus from the Maastrichtian Bugin Tsav locality in Mongolia, in medial (A) and lateral (B) views (proximal end to the left and distal to the right) with major areas of bite marks indicated by the black arrows.

Fig. 6 in New information on the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae

Fig. 6. Cranial crest morphologies reconstructed for tapejarinid pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (Campos and Kellner, 1997). A. "Sail−shaped" morphology, suggested by the holotype (MCT 1622−R). B. Rounded morphology, suggested by CPCA 3590 and the specimen stored in a private collection.

Fig. 7 in New information on the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae

Fig. 7. Most parsimonious tree of 37 steps recovered in the cladistic analysis. 1, Azhdarchoidea; 2, Azhdarchidae; 3, Tapejaridae; 4, Thalassodrominae; 5, Chaoyangopterinae; 6, Tapejarinae.

Fig. 4 in New information on the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae

Fig. 4. Tapejarinid pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (Campos and Kellner, 1997), Crato Formation (?Aptian), Brazil. Soft−tissue preservation in CPCA 3590. A. Probable pycnofibres associated with the left mandibular ramus (indicated by the arrows). B. Pattern of subvertical parallel fibers that compose the soft−tissue component of the cranial crest. C. Probable rhamphotheca associated with the tip of the premaxillae (indicated by the arrow). D. Probable rhamphotheca associated with the anterior end of the dentary (indicated by the arrow). Scale bars 20 cm.

Fig. 3 in New information on the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae

Fig. 3. Tapejarinid pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (Campos and Kellner, 1997), specimen CPCA 3590 from the Crato Formation (?Aptian), Brazil. A. Specimen in right lateral aspect. C. Counterpart of the specimen. Photographs (A, C) and drawings (B, D).

Fig. 1 in New information on the pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator, with comments on the relationships of Tapejaridae

Fig. 1. The four known specimens of tapejarinid pterosaur Tupandactylus imperator (Campos and Kellner, 1997) from the Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin, Brazil. A. CPCA 3590, the specimen described herein. B. MCT 1622−R, the holotype, described by Campos and Kellner (1997). C. SMNK PAL 2839, illustrated by Frey et al. (2003). D. The specimen housed at a private collection, illustrated by Unwin and Martill (2007). Scale bars 10 cm.