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727 results for “phylogenetic diversity”
FIGURE 2 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
FIGURE 2. (Continued)
FIGURE 11 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
FIGURE 11. (Continued)
Phylogenetic diversity and North Andean block conservation - Data
<p>The dataset utilized in the article titled 'Phylogenetic Diversity and North Andean Block Conservation' is available for reference. For additional details, you can visit the corresponding GitHub repository. https://github.com/oleon12/PhyloDiversity</p>
Raster layers of prioritisation analyses for current and future conditions based on phylogenetic diversity of Neotropical palms
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Palms are an ecologically and societally important plant group, with high diversity in the Neotropics. Here, we estimated the impacts of future climate change on phylogenetic diversity (PD) of Neotropical palms under varying climatic and dispersal scenarios, assessed the effectiveness of the established network of protected areas (PAs) for conserving palms PD today and in 2070, and identified priority areas for the conservation of palm species and their evolutionary history in the face of climate change.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Neotropics.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used ecological niche modelling to estimate the distribution of 367 species in the present and for 2070 based on two greenhouse gas emission and two dispersal scenarios. We calculated Faith's PD within each five arc-minute grid cell to evaluate the effectiveness of PAs relative to null models and used phylogenetic spatial prioritisation analysis to detect priority areas.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that even under the most optimistic climatic and dispersal scenarios, the established network of PAs performed poorly in safeguarding palms PD under both current conditions and those projected for 2070. Significant losses in PD inside PAs are expected under future climate conditions, especially if species are unable to disperse to suitable areas. Nevertheless, a modest and strategic increase in the number of PAs could considerably improve the protection of palms PD in the present and 2070.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>The PD of Neotropical palms is poorly represented within the established network of PAs, at both present and in 2070. A higher realised dispersal rates would diminish PD losses inside the network of PAs. The conservation of palm PD can be improved through the expansion of PAs in strategic regions such as the upper portion of the Amazon Basin, Tropical Andes, and Mesoamerica.</p>
Spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the Western Ghats, India: a case study using ancient predatory arthropods
<p><span><span><span>The Western Ghats (WG) mountain chain in peninsular India is a global biodiversity hotspot, one in which patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism remain to be documented across taxa. We used a well-characterized community of ancient soil predatory arthropods from the WG to understand diversity gradients, identify hotspots of endemism and conservation importance, and highlight poorly-studied areas with unique biodiversity. We compiled an occurrence dataset for 19 species of scolopendrid centipedes, which was used to predict areas of habitat suitability using bioclimatic and geomorphological variables in Maxent. We used predicted distributions and a time-calibrated species phylogeny to calculate taxonomic and phylogenetic indices of diversity, endemism and turnover. We observed a decreasing latitudinal gradient in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in the WG, which supports expectations from the latitudinal diversity gradient. The southern WG had the highest phylogenetic diversity and endemism, and was represented by lineages with long branch lengths as observed from relative phylogenetic diversity/endemism. These results indicate the persistence of lineages over evolutionary time in the southern WG and are consistent with predictions from the southern WG refuge hypothesis. The northern WG, despite having low phylogenetic diversity, had high values of phylogenetic endemism represented by distinct lineages as inferred from relative phylogenetic endemism. The distinct endemic lineages in this sub-region might be adapted to life in lateritic plateaus characterized by poor soil conditions and high seasonality. Sites across an important biogeographic break, the Palghat Gap, broadly grouped separately in comparisons of species turnover along the WG. The southern WG and Nilgiris, adjoining the Palghat Gap, harbour unique centipede communities, where the causal role of climate or dispersal barriers in shaping diversity remains to be investigated. Our results highlight the need to use phylogeny and distribution data while assessing diversity and endemism patterns in the WG.</span></span></span></p>
Prioritizing phylogenetic diversity to protect functional diversity of reef corals
<p>Datasets and R scripts</p>
Assessing spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity of Mexican mammals for biodiversity conservation
<p>Phylogenetic diversity is a biodiversity measurement that describes the amount of evolutionary history contained by the taxonomic units in a region. It has proven to be an important metric for determining conservation priorities. Mammalian phylogenetic diversity patterns have been suggested as potential surrogates of biodiversity for establishing priority areas for conservation. This study aims to identify areas of high mammalian phylogenetic diversity in Mexico, a megadiverse country with high mammalian richness, and to assess how well protected areas encompass the phylogenetic diversity. IUCN distribution data for 479 Mexican mammals were used to estimate species richness. Data for the molecular markers cytB, 12S and COI, were gathered from GenBank and from laboratory extractions for reconstructing a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree. Spatial patterns in phylogenetic diversity were estimated by summing the branch lengths of the phylogenetic tree representing species presence across grid cells. The results were compared with the distribution of protected areas in Mexico in order to assess if phylogenetic diversity is effectively conserved. The southeastern part of Mexico was found to be the most diverse. The breadth of the phylogenetic tree was well represented within the protected areas. Beta-diversity analyses showed that the species composition between protected and unprotected areas is very similar. Protected areas group based on the phylogenetic composition of mammal species into three clusters corresponding to the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Mexican Transition Zone biogeographical regions, which suggests that protected areas could be managed based on these clusters.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Fassou G, Korotkova N, Nersesyan A, Koch MA, Dimopoulos P, Borsch T (2022) Taxonomy of Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae) – overall phylogenetic relationships and assessment of species diversity based on a first comprehensive checklist of the genus. PhytoKeys 196: 91-214. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.196.77940
Appendix 1
Norte Pronvice. Cabinda: "Chinchoxo" [-5.10000, 12.10000] (Peters 1877a:615; Bocage 1895a:81); "Cabinda" [-5.55000, 12.18333] (Frade 1963:252). Lunda Norte: "Dundo" [-7.36667, 20.83333] (Laurent 1954:43; Thys van den Audenaerde 1966:32). Taxonomic and distributional notes: Kelly et al. (2011) provided molecular phylogenetic data to support the inclusion of this taxon along with the B. fuliginosus complex within a monophyletic Boaedon, separate from Lamprophis sensu stricto. MAP 289. Distribution of Boaedon olivaceus in Angola. in Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840-2017)
Norte Pronvice. Cabinda: "Chinchoxo" [-5.10000, 12.10000] (Peters 1877a:615; Bocage 1895a:81); "Cabinda" [-5.55000, 12.18333] (Frade 1963:252). Lunda Norte: "Dundo" [-7.36667, 20.83333] (Laurent 1954:43; Thys van den Audenaerde 1966:32). Taxonomic and distributional notes: Kelly et al. (2011) provided molecular phylogenetic data to support the inclusion of this taxon along with the B. fuliginosus complex within a monophyletic Boaedon, separate from Lamprophis sensu stricto. MAP 289. Distribution of Boaedon olivaceus in Angola.
Figure 2 in Inferring phylogenetic relationships in the common vole (Microtus arvalis) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence diversities
Figure 2. Median-joining network obtained from CYTB haplotypes of Anatolian, Asian and European populations of M. arvalis. Number of mutations are shown by black lines on the branches.
FIGURE 24 in Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea
FIGURE 24. Strict consensus of the 32 most parsimonious trees retrieved from TNT using 112 taxa (fossil + Recent) and 174 morphological characters. The tree is divided into three parts, A (opposite page), B (above), and C (next page). Fossil taxa are represented in bold. Unambiguous characters were mapped as dots on branches with, black dots = unique change, white dots = multiple changes. Branch supports are indicated above branches for Bremer and below branches for jackknife supports (below)>20 (P = 36).
FIGURE 9 in Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea
FIGURE 9. Photomicrographs of the new species of Apticoccus. (A) Dorsal surface of Apticoccus fortis, n. sp., holotype HAM-1669A. (B) Dorsal and (C) ventral surfaces of Apticoccus longitenuis, n. sp., holotype AD-20.
FIGURE 4 in Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea
FIGURE 4. Details of Kozarius achronus, n. sp. (A) Ventral view of head. (B) Dorsal view of head. (C) Dorsal view of mesothorax. (D) Basisternum. (E) Apical antennal segments. (F) Leg from tibia. (G) Dorsal view of posterior abdominal segments and penial sheath, with wax filaments.
FIGURE 7 in Diverse new scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in amber from the Cretaceous and Eocene with a phylogenetic framework for fossil Coccoidea
FIGURE 7. Details of Hodgsonicoccus patefactus, n. sp. (A) Head from right lateral view. (B) Antenna. (C) Tarsus and claw. (D) Fore wing. (E) Hamulohaltere. (F) Left lateral view of penial sheath.
Data from: Phylogenetic niche conservatism and variations in species diversity-climate relationships
<p><span><span><span>Although contemporary climate has been identified as one of the major determinants of large-scale species diversity patterns, its effect on species diversity greatly varies among clades. Understanding the drivers of the variation in species diversity-climate relationships (DCRs) across clades, which is critical for developing general mechanisms underlying the effects of climate on species diversity patterns, remains a current challenge. Using newly compiled distribution data of 914 Rosaceae species in China and a dated genus-level phylogeny, we first assessed the DCRs for the entire family, the two major growth forms (woody vs. herbaceous), and each genus separately, and then explored the drivers underlying the variation in DCRs across different clades. We found that the DCRs significantly differed between woody and herbaceous plants and among different genera in this family. Closely-related<i> </i>genera had more similar species diversity patterns and DCRs than expected. Both the ancestral climate niches of different genera and the discrepancy between contemporary and ancestral climate niches explained the variations in DCR slopes across genera with high explanatory power, indicating the effect of niche conservatism on DCRs. Our study suggests that niche conservatism is a major driver of DCR variations between clades, which enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying large-scale species diversity patterns.</span></span></span></p>
Data from: Geographical patterns in phylogenetic diversity of Chinese woody plants and its application for conservation planning
<p><b>Aim:</b> Biodiversity hotspots are widely used as conservation priorities to preserve the tree of life. However, many conservation practices identify biodiversity hotspots without considering phylogenetic diversity (PD), which reflects total evolutionary history and feature diversity of a region. Moreover, conservation planning rarely distinguishes between neo- and paleo-biodiversity hotspots despite their differences. Here, we 1) estimated large-scale patterns in PD of woody plants, 2) identified neo- and paleo-biodiversity hotspots, and 3) demonstrated their implication in conservation planning, with special focus on Hengduan Mountains and southern China.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>China.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Distributions of 11,405 woody species from the <i>Atlas of Woody Plants in China</i> were updated, and were transformed into a grid of 50 × 50 km<sup>2</sup>. By integrating distribution maps with a genus-level phylogeny of angiosperms, <span>we estimated Faith's PD of each grid cell and evaluated </span>the contribution of species relatedness to PD at given levels of species diversity (i.e. standardized PD, sPD) using <span>regressions </span>and three null models. Then we identified areas with significantly lower or higher sPD than expected as neo- and paleo-hotspots and estimated the coverage of protected areas in these regions.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Species diversity and PD decreased towards the north. Southern China had high species diversity, PD and sPD, while Hengduan Mountains had high species diversity and PD but low sPD. The coverage of protected areas in southern China was less than half of that in Hengduan Mountains and entire China.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Our results identified Hengduan Mountains as a neo-hotspot and southern China as a paleo-hotspot, highlighting their importance for biodiversity conservation. Compared to Hengduan Mountains, southern China has low coverage of protected areas, which calls for more conservation attention. Our study demonstrates a way of incorporating the phylogenetic component in the identification of neo- and paleo-hotspots, and hence of achieving a more complete perception of biodiversity patterns for conserving the tree of life.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Ampai N, Rujirawan A, Yodthong S, Termprayoon K, Stuart BL, Wood Jr PL, Aowphol A (2022) Hidden diversity of rock geckos within the Cnemaspis siamensis species group (Gekkonidae, Squamata): genetic and morphological data from southern Thailand reveal two new insular species and verify the phylogenetic affinities of C. chanardi and C. kamolnorranathi. ZooKeys 1125: 115-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060
Table S1
Fig. 2 in Genotype diversity, phylogenetic analysis and seasonality of isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. in swimming pools in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Fig. 2. The maximum-likelihood constructed phylogenetic tree of Acanthamoeba isolates inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences from GenBank showing the phylogenetic position of three strains detected in the present study; T4 (blue), T9 (green) and T11 (red). The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1201.92) is shown.
Data from: Propagule pressure increase and phylogenetic diversity decrease community’s susceptibility to invasion
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Data from: Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants at Ma’anling volcano urban park in tropical Haikou, China: Reponses to soil properties
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