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2,139 results for “recognition”
The development dataset of the AI composition recognition competition, CSMT2020
<p>The development dataset contains 6000 MIDI files with monophonic melodies generated by artificial intelligence algorithms. The tempo is between the 68bpm and 118bpm (beat per minute). The length of each melody is 8 bars, and the melody does not necessarily include complete phrase structures. There are two datasets with different music styles used as the training dataset of a certain number of algorithms, where the melodies in the development dataset are generated.</p> <p>The website of the challenge:</p> <p><a href="http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020/">http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020</a> (Chinese instruction)</p> <p><a href="https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html">https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html</a> (English instruction)</p>
Low resolution scanned text dataset for optical character recognition
<p>A collection of scanned pages of English text designed for testing low resolution OCR systems. There are 11 different pieces of text, each of which contains 5 pages of text. Each of these 55 pages is typeset in 18 different fonts and then scanned at 300 dpi, producing a total of 990 pages of scanned text. Downsampled 60 dpi and 75 dpi versions are included.</p>
R script: Species coexist more easily if reinforcement is based on habitat preferences than on species recognition
<p><b>1.</b> Maladaptive hybridization selects for prezygotic isolation, a process known as reinforcement. Reinforcement reduces gene flow and contributes to the final stage of speciation. Ecologically, however, coexistence of the incipient species is difficult if they initially use identical resources.</p> <p><b>2. </b>Habitat segregation offers an alternative to species discrimination as a way to reduce gene flow: production of unfit hybrids is reduced if mate encounters become rare due to differing habitat choice. Using a modelling approach, we show that hybridization avoidance alone can select for habitat specialization, even if neither of the species is intrinsically better at using a specific niche.</p> <p><b>3. </b>While habitat segregation and species discrimination both reduce the risk of producing unfit hybrids, these two isolation mechanisms differ from each other with respect to their effects on resource competition. Our model shows that, as a consequence of such differences, reinforcement evolves much more easily if hybridization is avoided based on habitat segregation than if the mechanism involves species recognition (mate choice traits).</p> <p><b>4.</b> We also examine the outcomes when both isolation mechanisms evolve jointly. The establishment of one isolation mechanism <i>a priori</i> weakens selection for the other. However, an asymmetry persists here too. The net effect of habitat segregation on species discrimination was typically facilitative, but not vice versa. This asymmetry arises because habitat segregation, by enhancing coexistence, secures time for the subsequent evolution of species discrimination in a mate choice context (still relevant if habitat use is not perfectly segregated). Species discrimination does not have such a stabilizing effect on coexistence.</p> <p><b>5.</b> Our results emphasize the importance of habitat segregation in reinforcement, and offer a way to interpret findings where closely related taxa show similar performance on different resources or in different habitats. Studies of ecological generalization and specialization should therefore take into account that niche differences can be initiated and/or maintained by hybridization avoidance.</p>
Breastfeeding dynamically changes endogenous oxytocin levels and emotion recognition in mothers
<p>Breastfeeding behaviors can significantly change mothers' physiological and psychological states. The hormone oxytocin may mediate breastfeeding and mothers' emotion recognition. This study examined the effects of endogenous oxytocin fluctuation via breastfeeding on emotion recognition in 51 primiparous mothers. Saliva oxytocin was assessed before and after the manipulation (breastfeeding or holding an infant), and emotion recognition tasks were conducted. Among mothers who breastfed daily, mothers with more increased levels of oxytocin after breastfeeding showed greater reduced negative recognition and enhanced positive recognition of adult facial expressions. These oxytocin functions accompanying breastfeeding may support continued nurturing behaviors and also affect the general social cognition of other adults beyond any specific effect on infants.</p>
The evaluation dataset of the AI composition recognition competition, CSMT2020
<p>The evaluation dataset contains 4000 MIDI files with exact configurations of development dataset with two exceptions: 1) A number of melodies composed by human composers are added, some of which are published, and some of which are composed for this competition. The music style of the human composed melodies are the same as the styles of music in the training set. This was confirmed by musicologists. 2) There are a number of melodies generated by algorithms with minor algorithmic or parameter changes compared to the algorithms in the development dataset.</p> <p>The development dataset:</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/3944685#.Xza9DegzY2x">https://zenodo.org/record/3944685#.Xza9DegzY2x</a></p> <p>The website of the challenge:</p> <p><a href="http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020/">http://www.csmcw-csmt.cn/data/2020/ai-composition-recognition2020</a> (Chinese instruction)</p> <p><a href="https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html">https://ai-composition-recognition2020.github.io/english.html</a> (English instruction)</p>
Poisson models for publications, leadership and recognition awards in the American Academy of Neurology
<p>We sought to study sex with respect to publications, leadership and recognition awards in the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in light of recent research highlighting inequities in these domains.</p> <p>Methods: We examined medical school graduation, neurology residency (using American Medical Association and the American Council for Graduate Medical Education), membership in the AAN, first and last authorship in <i>Neurology</i>, membership on AAN committees, and AAN recognition awards, by sex, in 1997, 2007, 2017. </p> <p>Results: Female medical students were less likely to enter neurology residency in 1997 only. In 2007 and 2017, there was no proportionate difference between men and women as last author, a surrogate for senior member of the author panel. In 2017, women were proportionately more likely to be first authors than men, a surrogate for principal investigator of the study. Committee membership was less for women in 1997 and 2007 (P <0.001) but was not proportionately different in 2017 (P=0.534). Women were proportionately more likely to receive recognition awards in all years studied (1997 p=0.008, 2007 p<0.001. 2017 p <0.001) although absolute numbers of women were less.</p> <p>Conclusions: Female membership, leadership (through committee membership), publications as last author were less in 1997 in the AAN. These same metrics demonstrated substantial proportionate changes, with no differences in last author in 2007 and 2017, greater likelihood for women to be first author in 2017, no differences in committee membership in 2017 and greater likelihood of receiving awards determined by merit in all three years. </p>
InHARD - Industrial Human Action Recognition Dataset in the Context of Industrial Collaborative Robotics
<p><strong>Objectives</strong></p> <p>We introduce a RGB+S dataset named “Industrial Human Action Recognition Dataset” (InHARD) from a real-world setting for industrial human action recognition with over 2 million frames, collected from 16 distinct subjects. This dataset contains 13 different industrial action classes and over 4800 action samples. The introduction of this dataset should allow us the study and development of various learning techniques for the task of human actions analysis inside industrial environments involving human robot collaborations.<br> Read <strong>00-README.txt</strong> for detailed download instructions.</p> <p>More details on the dataset at <a href="https://github.com/vhavard/InHARD">https://github.com/vhavard/InHARD</a></p> <p>This work has been performed at the CESI LINEACT : <a href="https://recherche.cesi.fr/inhard-industrial-human-action-recognition-dataset/">https://recherche.cesi.fr/inhard-industrial-human-action-recognition-dataset/</a></p>
Data from: Kin recognition in guppies uses self-referencing on olfactory cues
<p>Kin recognition plays an important role in social behavior and evolution, but the proximate mechanisms by which individuals recognize kin remain poorly understood. In many species, individuals form a "kin template" that they compare against conspecifics' phenotypes to assess phenotypic similarity–and by association, relatedness. Individuals may form a kin template through self-inspection (i.e. self-referencing) and/or by observing their rearing associates (i.e. family-referencing). However, despite much interest, few empirical studies have successfully disentangled self- and family-referencing. Here, we employ a novel set of breeding crosses using the Trinidadian guppy (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>)<i> </i>to disentangle referencing systems by manipulating exposure to kin from conception onwards. We show that guppies discriminate among their full- and maternal half-siblings, which can only be explained by self-referencing. Additional behavioral experiments revealed no evidence that guppies incorporate the phenotypes of their broodmates or mother into the kin template. Finally, by manipulating the format of our behavioral tests, we show that olfactory communication is both necessary and sufficient for kin discrimination. These results provide robust evidence that individuals recognize kin by comparing the olfactory phenotypes of conspecifics against their own. This study resolves key questions about the proximate mechanisms underpinning kin recognition, with implications for the ontogeny and evolution of social behavior.</p>
Data from: Ecological and social drivers of neighbor recognition and the dear enemy effect in a poison frog
<p>Navigating social relationships frequently rests on the ability to recognize familiar individuals using phenotypic characteristics. Across diverse taxa, animals vary in their capacities for social recognition but the ecological and social sources of selection for recognition are often unclear. In a comparative study of two closely related species of poison frogs, we identified a species difference in social recognition of territory neighbors and investigated potential sources of selection underlying this difference. In response to acoustic playbacks, male golden rocket frogs (<i>Anomaloglossus beebei</i>) recognized the calls of neighbors and displayed a "dear enemy effect" by responding less aggressively to neighbors' calls than strangers' calls. In contrast, male Kai rocket frogs (<i>Anomaloglossus kaiei</i>) were equally aggressive to the calls of neighbors and strangers. This species difference in behavior is associated with key differences in reproductive ecology and characteristics of territories. Golden rocket frogs defend reproductive resources in the form of bromeliads, which is expected to create a threat asymmetry between neighbors and strangers favoring decreased aggression to neighbors. In contrast, Kai rocket frogs do not defend reproductive resources. Further, compared with Kai rocket frog territories, golden rocket frog territories occur at higher densities and are defended for longer periods of time, creating a more complex social environment with more opportunities for repeated but unnecessary aggression between neighbors, which should favor the ability to recognize and exhibit less aggression towards neighbors. These results suggest that differences in reproductive ecology can drive changes in social structure that select for social recognition.</p>
Dataset: Toothbrushing Data and Analysis of its Potential Use in Human Activity Recognition Applications
<p>This is the dataset that accompanies the paper 'Dataset: Toothbrushing Data and Analysis of its Potential Use in Human Activity Recognition Applications'.</p> <p>In this paper, we describe and analyze a time-series dataset from toothbrushing activity using brush-attached and wearable sensors. The data was collected from 17 participants when they brushed their teeth over one week in 5 different locations. The dataset consists of 62 toothbrushing sessions for each of the brush-attached and wearable sensor approaches, using both electric and manual brushes. The average duration of each session is 2 minutes. One sensor device was attached to the handle of the brush while the other was worn by the participants as a wrist-watch. We collected the data from a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope at a 200 Hz sampling rate.</p> <p>Accompanying code can be found at our GitHub repository <a href="https://github.com/icl-mq/toothbrushing-dataset">https://github.com/icl-mq/toothbrushing-dataset</a>. This repository contains example code demonstrating how to process the data along with the file metadata.</p>
I see how you feel: facial expressions' recognition and distancing in the time of COVID-19
<p>Data sets and R script for anlysis.</p>
Asymmetric acoustic signal recognition led to asymmetric genetic introgression between two parapatric rhacophorid treefrogs
<p><span>Correct discrimination between courtship signals could help maintain genetic integrity between closely related species. However, asymmetric usage of signals might cause asymmetric magnitude of gene flow across the contact zone. <i>Buergeria japonica </i>and <i>B. otai </i>are sibling species with parapatric distribution pattern in Taiwan, forming two narrow contact zones in eastern and western sides of the island. Both species use a shared acoustic signal of calls (Type 1a/1b), whereas <i>B. otai </i>presents another unique call type (Type 2) which never appears in <i>B. japonica</i>. Combining behavioral experiments with genome-wide RAD-seq analyses, we aim to test whether the ability of signal recognition influences genetic introgression across their species boundary. The playback experiments showed that the western population of <i>B. otai</i> has evolved a stronger level of reproductive character displacement by showing the inclusive usage of their unique Type 2 signal. In contrast, the eastern population used both unique and shared signals and has a stronger preference for the latter. Consistent with behavioral difference, genetic introgression across the contact zone was detected only in the eastern boundary but not in the western one. Furthermore, the gene flow in this contact zone tends to be unidirectional from <i>B. japonica</i> toward <i>B. otai</i>. Our results support the prediction that a more specialized signal user might have a higher probability to maintain their genetic integrity compared to a generalized signal user.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Caterino MS, Tishechkin AK (2020) Recognition and revision of the Phelister blairi group (Histeridae, Histerinae, Exosternini). ZooKeys 1001: 1-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1001.58447
Table S1. Taxa selected for the phylogenetic reanalysis performed in this paper, along with what data partitions were available and included
Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of the Photinia complex support the recognition of a new genus Phippsiomeles and the resurrection of a redefined Stranvaesia in Maleae (Rosaceae)
Photinia and its morphologically similar allies in Maleae (Rosaceae) consist of five currently recognized genera: Aronia, Heteromeles, Photinia, Pourthiaea, and Stranvaesia, and 68 species, distributed in Asia and North & Central America. Despite previous efforts to clarify relationships in this group, the generic delimitations have remained uncertain. Our goals were to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Photinia and its close allies to test the monophyly of the currently recognized genera, especially Photinia and Stranvaesia, and the hybrid origin hypothesis of Photinia bodinieri. This study employs complete plastomes and the entire nrDNA assembled from the genome skimming approach with a broad taxon sampling of 81 species in 30 genera of Rosaceae, especially Maleae. Based on three datasets, including the whole plastome (WP), coding sequence (CDS) and nrDNA repeats, the results of Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses (BI) showed that Stranvaesia and Photinia, as previously circumscribed, were each non-monophyletic. Six clades have been recovered herein within Photinia and its allied genera: Aronia, Heteromeles, Photinia s.s., Pourthiaea, Stranvaesia, and a new genus Phippsiomeles consisting of the Central American species formerly placed in Photinia. The strong conflicts between the plastome and nrDNA phylogenies of Phippsiomeles and Stranvaesia tomentosa suggest the possibility that they may have each originated involving hybridization events, while no incongruence among datasets was detected to support the hybrid origin of Photinia bodinieri. We provide 12 new combinations, to transfer eight taxa of the New World Photinia into Phippsiomeles and clarify the generic placements of several species of Photinia and Stranvaesia.
Integration of speech separation, diarization, and recognition for multi-speaker meetings: Separated LibriCSS dataset
<p><strong>Dataset</strong></p> <p>This data repository contains separated audio streams for the LibriCSS dataset using the following window-based separation methods:</p> <p>1. <em>Mask-based MVDR</em>: Takuya Yoshioka, Hakan Erdogan, Zhuo Chen, and Fil Alleva, “Multi-microphone neural speech separation for farfield multi-talker speech recognition,” ICASSP 2018.</p> <p>2. <em>Sequential neural beamforming</em>: Zhong-Qiu Wang, Hakan Erdogan, Scott Wisdom, Kevin Wilson, Desh Raj, Shinji Watanabe, Zhuo Chen, and John R. Hershey, “Sequential multi-frame neural beamforming for speech separation and enhancement,” IEEE SLT 2021.</p> <p>These audio streams were used for evaluating the diarization and ASR models in our <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02014.pdf">JSALT 2020 paper</a>.</p> <p>The repository contains the following archive files:</p> <ul> <li>libricss_mvdr_2stream.tar.gz</li> <li>libricss_sequential_3stream.tar.gz</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>If you use these separated audio streams in your research, consider citing:</p> <pre><code>@article{Raj2020IntegrationOS, title={Integration of speech separation, diarization, and recognition for multi-speaker meetings: System description, comparison, and analysis}, author={Desh Raj and Pavel Denisov and Z. Chen and H. Erdogan and Zili Huang and Mao-Kui He and Shinji Watanabe and Jun Du and T. Yoshioka and Yi Luo and N. Kanda and Jinyu Li and S. Wisdom and J. Hershey}, journal={2021 IEEE Spoken Language Technology (SLT) Workshop}, year={2021} }</code></pre> <p><br> </p>
Morphological variation in the Vriesea procera complex (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, with recognition of new taxa
The family Bromeliaceae is essentially Neotropical, with high endemism and diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest Domain. Species circumscription is a major problem in the family systematics, especially in the most diverse genera. Species of the Vriesea procera complex, which occur in forests and restinga (coastal vegetation) along the South American Atlantic coast from Venezuela to southern Brazil, share the same basic vegetative and reproductive morphological patterns. However, they vary widely in the number and position of inflorescence branches as well as in the dimensions, position, and shape of the leaves and flowers in different populations. Here we aimed (i) to evaluate the morphological variation in the V. procera complex, through morphometric analyses of natural populations along the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest; and (ii) to determine the taxonomic relationships among these species, establishing the validity and the limits of variation of the taxa through taxonomic treatment. Fourteen natural populations, 271 individuals and 36 morphometric variables were analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis tests and discriminant analyses were conducted to test statistical differences between previously established groups. Of an original three species and three varieties, our data allowed us to recognize six species, including three new taxa and one new name and status. The resulting taxa are distinguished by the inflorescence and leaf sizes and especially by floral characteristics such as the length of bracts, sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils, besides the petal apex posture and relative position of the stamen during anthesis. Recognition of cryptic species under the names V. procera and V. neoglutinosa is an important step toward a better understanding of the biodiversity of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest.
Data from: Fine-scale kin recognition in the absence of social familiarity in the Siberian jay, a monogamous bird species
Kin recognition is a critical element to kin cooperation, and in vertebrates, it is primarily based on associative learning. Recognition of socially unfamiliar kin occurs rarely, and it is reported only in vertebrate species where promiscuity prevents recognition of first-order relatives. However, it is unknown whether the recognition of socially unfamiliar kin can evolve in monogamous species. Here, we investigate whether genetic relatedness modulates aggression among group members in Siberian jays (Perisoreus infaustus). This bird species is genetically and socially monogamous and lives in groups that are formed through the retention of offspring beyond independence, and the immigration of socially unfamiliar nonbreeders. Observations on feeders showed that genetic relatedness modulated aggression of breeders towards immigrants in a graded manner, in that they chased most intensely the immigrant group members that were genetically the least related. However, cross-fostering experiments showed that breeders were equally tolerant towards their own and cross-fostered young swapped as nestlings. Thus, breeders seem to use different mechanisms to recognize socially unfamiliar individuals and own offspring. As Siberian jays show a high degree of nepotism during foraging and predator encounters, inclusive fitness benefits may play a role for the evolution of fine-scale kin recognition. More generally, our results suggest that fine-graded kin recognition can evolve independently of social familiarity, highlighting the evolutionary importance of kin recognition for social species.
Data from: A comparative study of egg recognition signature mixtures in Formica ants
Processing of information from the environment, such as assessing group membership in social contexts, is a major determinant of inclusive fitness. For social insects, recognizing brood origin is crucial for inclusive fitness in many contexts, such as social parasitism and kin conflicts within colonies. Whether or not a recognition signature is informative in kin conflicts, depends on the extent of a genetic contribution into the cues. We investigated colony and matriline specific variation in egg surface hydrocarbons in seven species of Formica ants. We show that chemical variance is distributed similarly to genetic variation, suggesting a significant genetic contribution to eggs odors in the genus. Significant among matriline components, and significant correlations between chemical and genetic similarity among individuals also indicate kin informative egg odors in several species. We suggest that egg odor surface variation could play a large role in within colony conflicts, and that a comparative method can reveal novel insight into communication of identity.
Data from: Song recognition and heterospecific associations between two fairy-wren species (Maluridae)
Although heterospecific associations beneficial to one or both species involved (e.g. commensalisms or mutualisms) are common, it is generally assumed that interactions between species are transient and not particular to individuals. However, long-term interactions between individuals of different species do occur. In such heterospecific social groups, discrimination between heterospecific individuals may be beneficial, allowing individuals to direct beneficial or aggressive behaviors towards appropriate targets. Here we describe heterospecific groups composed of splendid and variegated fairy-wrens (Malurus splendens and M. lamberti) and provide the first experimental evidence that recognition of heterospecific group members occurs across species. In these species, family groups live on overlapping territories and co-defend shared territories against both heterospecific and conspecific intruders. Individuals on shared territories were frequently observed traveling and foraging together. Socially dominant males of both species responded more aggressively to songs of neighboring and foreign heterospecific fairy-wrens than they did to those of their co-resident heterospecifics. Although splendid fairy-wrens did not change their behavior when associating with heterospecifics, variegated fairy-wrens spent more time foraging, were less vigilant, had greater first-nest fledging success, and fewer extra-group young. These findings suggest heterospecific associations between these two species benefit the variegated fairy-wren. Our findings are novel and show that recognition and discrimination among individuals, often considered a prerequisite for conspecific cooperation, can occur across species.
Data from: Does competitive interaction drive species recognition in a house mouse secondary contact zone?
Miscommunication may induce a high risk of unnecessary escalated fights between competitors (populations to species), resulting in selection favoring signal divergence through agonistic character displacement (ACD). When signals allowing discrimination between competitors are also involved in mate recognition, ACD could explain reproductive character displacement (RCD). We tested interference competition between males as a potential driver of RCD (here, subspecies recognition) in a secondary contact zone between two mouse subspecies (Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus) displaying asymmetric dominance. Since such asymmetry could create a conflict between subspecies (compatibility) and quality (dominance) recognition in the contact zone, we tested for geographic variation in female preference for dominant males in the subordinate subspecies, musculus. We assessed competition between males and tested ACD during dyadic encounters comparing behavior displayed during trials between heterosubspecifics originating from populations close to the secondary contact ("contact") and further away ("allopatric"). We also compared behavior of contact versus allopatric males during homosubspecific versus heterosubspecific trials to test whether subspecies discrimination evolved under competitive interference. Although domesticus dominated most heterosubspecific trials regardless of geographic origin, agonistic behavior was more marked (i.e., lower attack latencies) during contact than allopatric encounters, suggesting that ACD occurred. Comparing behavior during homosubspecific and heterosubspecific encounters, only allopatric musculus displayed differences, that is, higher attack latencies toward heterosubspecifics, indicating that discrimination between competitors did not evolve with ACD. Finally, although allopatric musculus females seemed to prefer dominant males, their contact counterparts did not, suggesting that "compatibility" may have outweighed "quality" under a risk of hybridization.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.