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Distribution. Near Halabiya at the Euphrates and Qal'at Sukkara (Syria); potentially in SW Iran. There are no recent records from Israel, Palestine or Lebanon indicating that the species is potentially extinct in this region. However, it cannot certainly be excluded that katinka is more common in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula. in Soricidae

Distribution. Near Halabiya at the Euphrates and Qal'at Sukkara (Syria); potentially in SW Iran. There are no recent records from Israel, Palestine or Lebanon indicating that the species is potentially extinct in this region. However, it cannot certainly be excluded that katinka is more common in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula.

Distribution. Mt Kenya, Aberdare Range, and Cherangani Hills in WC Kenya, and apparently recorded throughout much of the mountainous regions of Ethiopia (although these specimens need to be further investigated for misidentification). in Soricidae

Distribution. Mt Kenya, Aberdare Range, and Cherangani Hills in WC Kenya, and apparently recorded throughout much of the mountainous regions of Ethiopia (although these specimens need to be further investigated for misidentification).

Distribution. Endemic to C & SE Sulawesi; known from various lowland and more mountainous regions, including Mt Rorekatimbo, Mt Gandangdewata, Mt Balease, and Mt Nokilalaki. Together with the Elongated White-toothed Shrew (C. elongata) this is the only wild shrew occurring on the SE peninsula, but lack of adequate sampling in most pristine areas of S Sulawesi hinders precise biogeographical inferences. in Soricidae

Distribution. Endemic to C & SE Sulawesi; known from various lowland and more mountainous regions, including Mt Rorekatimbo, Mt Gandangdewata, Mt Balease, and Mt Nokilalaki. Together with the Elongated White-toothed Shrew (C. elongata) this is the only wild shrew occurring on the SE peninsula, but lack of adequate sampling in most pristine areas of S Sulawesi hinders precise biogeographical inferences.

Distribution. Endemic to C Sulawesi, known from at least four mountain regions (Mt Rorekatimbo, Mt Balease, Mt Gandangdewata, and Mt Latimojong). in Soricidae

Distribution. Endemic to C Sulawesi, known from at least four mountain regions (Mt Rorekatimbo, Mt Balease, Mt Gandangdewata, and Mt Latimojong).

Distribution. Found in two disjunct regions: one in WC Africa in S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko I), Gabon, and Republic of the Congo, and the other in EC Africa in EC DR Congo, S Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and NW Tanzania. in Soricidae

Distribution. Found in two disjunct regions: one in WC Africa in S Cameroon, SW Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko I), Gabon, and Republic of the Congo, and the other in EC Africa in EC DR Congo, S Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and NW Tanzania.

Distribution. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Guinea E to W Kenya and S to C Mozambique and C Angola, as well as an isolated region of W Ethiopia. in Soricidae

Distribution. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Guinea E to W Kenya and S to C Mozambique and C Angola, as well as an isolated region of W Ethiopia.

Distribution. Originally distributed throughout the Indo-Malayan Region and S China, including Taiwan, Hainan, and Sri Lanka (only original range shaded in the map). Possible human-mediate introduced range in Maldives, islands of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Japan (Kyushu and Ryukyu Is), Guam, Palau, and New Guinea. Introduced in historical times into East Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania), Pemba and Zanzibar (Unguja) Is, Madagascar, Comoro Is, Mauritius, Réunion I, and into coastal Arabia (in the vicinity of seaports in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman). in Soricidae

Distribution. Originally distributed throughout the Indo-Malayan Region and S China, including Taiwan, Hainan, and Sri Lanka (only original range shaded in the map). Possible human-mediate introduced range in Maldives, islands of Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Japan (Kyushu and Ryukyu Is), Guam, Palau, and New Guinea. Introduced in historical times into East Africa (Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania), Pemba and Zanzibar (Unguja) Is, Madagascar, Comoro Is, Mauritius, Réunion I, and into coastal Arabia (in the vicinity of seaports in Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Oman).

Distribution. NE, C & S Florida except the C Everglades region (SE USA); possibly extreme SE Georgia. in Soricidae

Distribution. NE, C & S Florida except the C Everglades region (SE USA); possibly extreme SE Georgia.

Distribution. SW Madagascar, known only from the Beza-Mahafaly region, S of the Onilahy River and W of the Linta River. Further studies are needed to determine the N extent of the distribution, studies need to be conducted in the remaining forest regions around the Linta and Menarandra rivers to determine the distributions of Petter's Sportive Lemur and the White-footed Sportive Lemur (L. leucopus). in Lepilemuridae

Distribution. SW Madagascar, known only from the Beza-Mahafaly region, S of the Onilahy River and W of the Linta River. Further studies are needed to determine the N extent of the distribution, studies need to be conducted in the remaining forest regions around the Linta and Menarandra rivers to determine the distributions of Petter's Sportive Lemur and the White-footed Sportive Lemur (L. leucopus).

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m.

Distribution. NW Pakistan, N India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and NW Bengal states, and Sikkim), S China (Tibetan regions of Bo Qu, Ji Long Zang Bu and Chumbi Valleys in Xizang Autonomous Region), Nepal, and W Bhutan (E to Sankosh River); its presence in E Afghanistan is uncertain. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. NW Pakistan, N India (Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and NW Bengal states, and Sikkim), S China (Tibetan regions of Bo Qu, Ji Long Zang Bu and Chumbi Valleys in Xizang Autonomous Region), Nepal, and W Bhutan (E to Sankosh River); its presence in E Afghanistan is uncertain.

Distribution. SW China, in SE Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) and NW Yunnan Province (fragmented populations in the Yun Ling Mts), W of the Yangtze River and E of the Mekong River. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. SW China, in SE Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) and NW Yunnan Province (fragmented populations in the Yun Ling Mts), W of the Yangtze River and E of the Mekong River.

Subspecies and Distribution. C. a. albogularis Sykes, 1831 — Zanzibar I, Tanzania. C. a. albotorquatus de Pousargues, 1896 — N Kenyan coast (Tana River forests). C. a. erythrarchus Peters, 1852 — S Malawi (Mlanje Plateau), E Zimbabwe and most of Mozambique (including the Bazaruto Archipelago). C. a. francescae Thomas, 1902 — N Malawi (Mt Waller and Vipya Plateau, 10° 40°-11° HO' 8). C. a. kibonotensis Lonnberg, 1908 — SE Kenya (N to Kilifi Creek) and N Tanzania (inland to Mt Kilimanjaro and Mt Meru). C. a. kolbi Neumann, 1902 — Kenya highlands E of the Rift Valley (Aberdare Mts, Mt Kenya, and Ngong Hills). C. a. labiatus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1842 — South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces); possibly in Lesotho. C. a. moloneyi Sclater, 1894 — S highlands of Tanzania (Poroto Mts, 9°S8.33°40'' EK) o Udzungwa Mts, Zambia (E of the Luangwa River), and N Malawi (to 9° 30° S). C. a. monoides 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1841 — E Tanzania, from the seaboard region of Morogoro (6° 49' S, 37° 40' E) to the Newala District close to the Mozambique border. C. a. phylax Schwarz, 1927 — Pate and Witu Is in the Lamu Archipelago, off the coast of Kenya. C. a. schwarzi Roberts, 1931 — NE South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces) and Swaziland. C. a. zammaranoi de Beaux, 1924 — S Somalia (along theJubba and Webi-Shebelle rivers). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C. a. albogularis Sykes, 1831 — Zanzibar I, Tanzania. C. a. albotorquatus de Pousargues, 1896 — N Kenyan coast (Tana River forests). C. a. erythrarchus Peters, 1852 — S Malawi (Mlanje Plateau), E Zimbabwe and most of Mozambique (including the Bazaruto Archipelago). C. a. francescae Thomas, 1902 — N Malawi (Mt Waller and Vipya Plateau, 10° 40°-11° HO' 8). C. a. kibonotensis Lonnberg, 1908 — SE Kenya (N to Kilifi Creek) and N Tanzania (inland to Mt Kilimanjaro and Mt Meru). C. a. kolbi Neumann, 1902 — Kenya highlands E of the Rift Valley (Aberdare Mts, Mt Kenya, and Ngong Hills). C. a. labiatus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1842 — South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces); possibly in Lesotho. C. a. moloneyi Sclater, 1894 — S highlands of Tanzania (Poroto Mts, 9°S8.33°40'' EK) o Udzungwa Mts, Zambia (E of the Luangwa River), and N Malawi (to 9° 30° S). C. a. monoides 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1841 — E Tanzania, from the seaboard region of Morogoro (6° 49' S, 37° 40' E) to the Newala District close to the Mozambique border. C. a. phylax Schwarz, 1927 — Pate and Witu Is in the Lamu Archipelago, off the coast of Kenya. C. a. schwarzi Roberts, 1931 — NE South Africa (Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces) and Swaziland. C. a. zammaranoi de Beaux, 1924 — S Somalia (along theJubba and Webi-Shebelle rivers).

Subspecies and Distribution. C.m.mitisWolf,1822—WAngola. C.m.boutourliniiGiglioli,1887—SWEthiopia,fromLakeTanaSalongtheWsideoftheEthiopianRifttoNofLakeTurkana. C.m.elgonisLonnberg,1919—WKenya(MtElgon).IntermediatesbetweenthesubspecieselgonisandstuhlmanniiarefoundinKakamegaForestandontheeasternflanksoftheRuwenzoriMts. C.m.heymansiColyn&Verheyen,1987—EDRCongo(betweentheLomaniandLualabarivers,reachingtoc.2°S,andextendingslightlytotheWoftheLomaniRiver). C.m.opusthostictusSclater,1894—SEDRCongo(fromc.6°NontheWbankoftheLualabaRiverStoKatangaProvince,andWtotheLakeTanganyika),NZambia(WoftheLuangwaRiver),andEAngola. C.m.schoutedeniSchwarz,1928—EDRCongo,typicallyonIdjwiandShushuislandsinLakeKivu;onthemainland,specimensarefromtheWVirungaVolcanoesandasfarSWasBobandana,althoughthesestronglytendtowardthesubspeciesstuhlmanni. C. m. stuhlmanni Matschie, 1893 — S South Sudan (Didinga Hills and Imatong Mts), Uganda (N in Bunyoro, E in Tororo, and in the W), W Kenya (W of the Rift Valley, including Mt Elgon and Kakamega Forest), and NE DR Congo, from the region between the Uele and the Congo rivers, from the Itimbiri River E to the Ituri and Semliki Forests, and S to the LLualaba River c.6° S. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.m.mitisWolf,1822—WAngola. C.m.boutourliniiGiglioli,1887—SWEthiopia,fromLakeTanaSalongtheWsideoftheEthiopianRifttoNofLakeTurkana. C.m.elgonisLonnberg,1919—WKenya(MtElgon).IntermediatesbetweenthesubspecieselgonisandstuhlmanniiarefoundinKakamegaForestandontheeasternflanksoftheRuwenzoriMts. C.m.heymansiColyn&Verheyen,1987—EDRCongo(betweentheLomaniandLualabarivers,reachingtoc.2°S,andextendingslightlytotheWoftheLomaniRiver). C.m.opusthostictusSclater,1894—SEDRCongo(fromc.6°NontheWbankoftheLualabaRiverStoKatangaProvince,andWtotheLakeTanganyika),NZambia(WoftheLuangwaRiver),andEAngola. C.m.schoutedeniSchwarz,1928—EDRCongo,typicallyonIdjwiandShushuislandsinLakeKivu;onthemainland,specimensarefromtheWVirungaVolcanoesandasfarSWasBobandana,althoughthesestronglytendtowardthesubspeciesstuhlmanni. C. m. stuhlmanni Matschie, 1893 — S South Sudan (Didinga Hills and Imatong Mts), Uganda (N in Bunyoro, E in Tororo, and in the W), W Kenya (W of the Rift Valley, including Mt Elgon and Kakamega Forest), and NE DR Congo, from the region between the Uele and the Congo rivers, from the Itimbiri River E to the Ituri and Semliki Forests, and S to the LLualaba River c.6° S.

Distribution. NE India (W Arunachal Pradesh State), in the districts of Tawang and West Kameng at elevations of 2000-3000 m; it possibly extends into Bhutan and Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) in S China. There are reports of its occurrence in Mouling National Park in the Upper Siang District of C Arunachal Pradesh, but they have yet to be confirmed. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. NE India (W Arunachal Pradesh State), in the districts of Tawang and West Kameng at elevations of 2000-3000 m; it possibly extends into Bhutan and Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) in S China. There are reports of its occurrence in Mouling National Park in the Upper Siang District of C Arunachal Pradesh, but they have yet to be confirmed.

Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications.

Distribution. Mt Nokilalaki, C Sulawesi and a single record farther S of the Mamasa area. Likely to occur on other montane regions of C Sulawesi. in Muridae

Distribution. Mt Nokilalaki, C Sulawesi and a single record farther S of the Mamasa area. Likely to occur on other montane regions of C Sulawesi.

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males). in Muridae

Distribution. WC core and SE peninsula of Sulawesi, including Mt Kanino, Mt Nokilalaki, Mt Lehio, Rano Rano, and Mamasa regions, Quarles Range, Mt Rantemario, and Mt Latimojong. Descriptive notes. er 155-242 mm, tail 138-190 mm, ear 23-29 mm, hind-foot 28-45 mm; weight 95-170 g. The Montane Hill Rat is the largest member of the B. fratrorum species group, with broad head, long rostrum, and robust body. Pelage is moderately long, soft, and lustrous, with shortish blackish guard hairs mixed throughout. Dorsum is brownish gray, speckled with buff that is a mix of dark gray underfur and overhairs with brown tips and buffy bands, being dark gray for the most part. Sides are paler grayish brown and fade into ventral pelage. Sides of muzzle are white. Venter is grayish white or dark grayish white, although some are grayish buff, with gray hairs and unpigmented tips or unpigmented altogether, respectively. Juveniles are duller and darker, with more grayish white underparts. Feet are long and slender, with white digits. Ears are large, covered in short unpigmented hair, rubbery, and gray and brown hues. Tail is 88-102% of head-body length and mainly bicolored, brownish gray to blackish gray dorsally and glossy white ventrally, with white tip most of the time. Scrotum is gray. Skull is large, with long and wide rostrum and narrow zygomatic plate. Fleas (e.g. Sigmactenus, Stivalius, Musserella, and Dasypsyllus), ticks (Rhipicephalus) pseudoscorpions (Magachernes and Chiridiochernes), and nematodes (Bunomystrongylus and Sibulura) have been recorded from the Montane Hill Rat. There are two pairs of inguinal mammae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 42, FN = 60 (females) or FN = 61 (males).

Distribution. Most of India, Nepal, Bang- ladesh, SC & SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Fujian) and mainland SE Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia), also on Cat Ba I off the coast of N Vietnam. Popu- lation of Taiwan has uncertain origins. Introduced into Kedah and Perlis regions of Malay Peninsula as well as Java. in Muridae

Distribution. Most of India, Nepal, Bang- ladesh, SC & SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Fujian) and mainland SE Asia (Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia), also on Cat Ba I off the coast of N Vietnam. Popu- lation of Taiwan has uncertain origins. Introduced into Kedah and Perlis regions of Malay Peninsula as well as Java.

Distribution. Until recently considered to occur in C & NE Angola and S & SE DR Congo, but based on cytochrome-b sequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 extended the range to include the NW region and the Eastern Arc Mts of Tanzania, much of NE Zambia, and Malawi; also re- corded from a single locality in extreme NW Zambia. in Muridae

Distribution. Until recently considered to occur in C & NE Angola and S & SE DR Congo, but based on cytochrome-b sequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 extended the range to include the NW region and the Eastern Arc Mts of Tanzania, much of NE Zambia, and Malawi; also re- corded from a single locality in extreme NW Zambia.