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Fig. 7 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 7. The pits with preserved phosphatic remnants on the shell of craspeditid ammonite Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) from the Late Volgian, Kachpurites fulgens Zone, Moscow region, Eganovo locality, Central Russia; MSU 118/1. A, B. Three pits with phosphatic filling on the well-preserved surface of the specimen. C, D. Transverse cross-sections of the two pits with phosphatic remnants located on the well-preserved part of the shell of the specimen. Note the thin outer prismatic and thick nacreous layers. The photos were taken using an optical binocular microscope.

Fig. 5 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 5. Craspeditid ammonite Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) from the Late Volgian, Kachpurites fulgens Zone, Moscow region, Eganovo locality, Central Russia; shell structure and chemical composition of the filling of pits, MSU 118/1. A, B. Aragonite layer of the shell. C. EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis of the brown mineral in the pit on the surface of specimen (asterisk in B).

Fig. 8 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 8. Craspeditid ammonites Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) from the Late Volgian, Kachpurites fulgens Zone, Moscow region, Central Russia, Mnevniki (A) and Eganovo (B−E) locality; shells with pits. A. MSU 118/2, fully preserved body chamber with pits, which are clearly visible not far from the aperture; lateral view. B. MSU 118/3, shell with abnormal constriction on the body chamber; in ventral (B1) and lateral (B2) views. C. MSU 118/4, shell with fully preserved body chamber; in lateral (C1) and ventral (C2) views. There are abnormally small lateral attachment scars (on the top of the C1) and pits on the apertural part of the shell. D. MSU 118/5, shell without aperture and with pits which are located ventro-laterally; lateral view. E. MSU 118/6, body chamber fragment without aperture and phragmocone; ventral view (E1), enlarged view of the pit (E2). There is only one relatively large pit on this fragment.

Fig. 12 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 12. Clusters of pits on the surface of the craspeditid ammonite Kachpurites fulgens (Trautschold, 1861) shell from the Late Volgian, Kachpurites fulgens Zone, Eganovo ocality, Moscow region, Central Russia, MSU 118/1. A. General view, three clusters which repeatedly occurred on the shell marked by lines: ventro-lateral and dorso-lateral clusters marked by dotted line, mid-lateral cluster marked by solid line. B. Two groups of pits on the anterior ventro-lateral portion of the shell. They are very similar to each other and likely were formed by the same epizoans during the subsequent stages of shell growth.

Fig. 3 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 3. Upper Volgian strata in Eganovo locality. Three subzones of Kachpurites fulgens Zone. The thickness of all layers is about 1.4 m. The traces on the surface of the layer have been left by the excavation knife.

Fig. 2 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the localities. A. Mnevniki, Moscow. B. Eganovo, Moscow area. The braces mark the horizon from which the described ammonites have been collected. Ammonite zones (see Rogov and Starodubtseva 2014). The total thickness of the layers is about 2 m.

Fig. 4 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 4. The circular diagram of the frequency of the genera distribution in Kachpurites fulgens Zone.

Fig. 1 in A new type of shell malformation caused by epizoans in Late Jurassic ammonites from Central Russia

Fig. 1. Map of Moscow area with localities: 1, Eganovo (55°32'08.28" N; 38°03'10.47" E); 2, Mnevniki (55°46'4.12" N; 37°28'4.67" E).

Fig. 5 in A new euselachian shark from the early Permian of the Middle Urals, Russia

Fig. 5. Tooth (PM SPU 81-2) of the euselachian shark Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin gen. et sp. nov. from the Artinskian (Early Permian) of Krasnoufimskie Klyuchiki quarry (Middle Urals, Russia). Micro-CT virtual model in labial (A), lingual (B), and basal (D) views. Virtual sections: longitudinal section of the tooth (C); section series of the base (F–H). Virtual model of the tooth in basal view with transparent dental tissues (E). Scale bars 500 μm.

Fig. 3 in A new euselachian shark from the early Permian of the Middle Urals, Russia

Fig. 3. Teeth of the euselachian shark Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin gen. et sp. nov. from the Artinskian (Early Permian) of Krasnoufimskie Klyuchiki quarry (Middle Urals, Russia). A. NHMUK PV P65426. B. NHMUK PV P65452. C. NHMUK PV P65427. D. NHMUK PV P65450. E. NHMUK PV P65451. F. NHMUK PV P65455. G. NHMUK PV P65457. H. NHMUK PV P65456. I. NHMUK PV P65458. J. NHMUK PV P65454. K. NHMUK PV P65453. L. NHMUK PV P65459. A–F, labial views; G–L, lingual views. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new euselachian shark from the early Permian of the Middle Urals, Russia

Fig. 2. Teeth of the euselachian shark Artiodus prominens Ivanov and Duffin gen. et sp. nov. from the Artinskian (Early Permian) of Krasnoufimskie Klyuchiki quarry (Middle Urals, Russia). A. PM SPU 81-1, holotype, lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views. B. PM SPU 81-2, labio-basal view. C. PM SPU 81-3, occlusal view. D. PM SPU 81-4, labio-basal (D1) and lingual (D2) views. E. PM SPU 81-5, lingual view. F. PM SPU 81-6, labio-basal view. G. PM SPU 81-7, lingual view. H. PM SPU 81-8, lingual view. I. PM SPU 81-9, lingual view. J. PM SPU 81-10, occlusal view. K. PM SPU 81-11, occlusal (K1) and labial (K2) views. L. PM SPU 81-12, labio-basal view. Scale bars 1 mm. All SEM images.

Fig. 1 in A new euselachian shark from the early Permian of the Middle Urals, Russia

Fig. 1. Maps of Ural (A) and Krasnoufimsk area (B; source of the map from https://yandex.ru/maps/) showing the location of Krasnoufimskie Klyuchiki quarry.

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Fig. 1 in The first Permian centipedes from Russia

Fig. 1. Scolopendromorph chilopod Permocrassacus novokshonovi gen. et sp. nov., holotype VSGM 1/viii/46 60 a, b, Tshekarda locality, lower Permian of Russia. A, B. General view of part and counterpart, respectively. C. Drawing compiled from part and counterpart. D. Head, antenna, and 1st leg. E. Pairs of 20th and ultimate legs. Numbers indicate segments of trunk or legpairs.

Fig. 5 in A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia

Fig. 5. Drawings of atlases of stem (A) and extant crown (B–D) salamanders in lateral views. A. Kulgeriherpeton ultimum gen. et sp. nov. B. Cryptobranchus. C. Amphiuma. D. Hynobius. Note the antero-posteriorly short neural arch with its anterior border situated far behind the level of the anterior cotyles in stem salamanders (A) and long neural arch with its anterior border is situated at the level of the anterior cotyles in crown salamanders (B–D). Arrows show the anterior border of the neural arch. Not to scale.

Fig. 4 in A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia

Fig. 4. Stem salamander Kulgeriherpeton ultimum gen. et sp. nov. from Teete locality, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia, Russia; Sangar Series, Batylykh Formation, Berriasian–Barremian, Lower Cretaceous. Digital restoration of atlas ZIN PH 3/246 (holotype), detailed anatomy with the locations of the microCT digital sections, dorsal view (A); longitudinal section, vertical plane (B); transverse sections (C–F).

Fig. 3 in A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia

Fig. 3. Stem salamander Kulgeriherpeton ultimum gen. et sp. nov. from Teete locality, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia, Russia; Sangar Series, Batylykh Formation, Berriasian–Barremian, Lower Cretaceous. Digital restoration of atlas ZIN PH 3/246 (holotype) in right antero-lateral (A), right dorso-lateral (B), left dorso-lateral (C), left antero-lateral (D), dorsal (E), right lateral (F) posterior (G), ventral (H), left lateral (I), right postero-lateral (J), anterior (K), and left postero-lateral (L) views.

Fig. 2 in A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia

Fig. 2. Stem salamander Kulgeriherpeton ultimum gen. et sp. nov. from Teete locality, Yakutia, Eastern Siberia, Russia; Sangar Series, Batylykh Formation, Berriasian–Barremian, Lower Cretaceous. Atlas ZIN PH 3/246 (holotype) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, with anterior end to top of figure.

Fig. 1. A, B in A new relict stem salamander from the Early Cretaceous of Yakutia, Siberian Russia

Fig. 1. A, B. Maps showing the geographic location of the Lower Cretaceous Teete locality (asterisk) in Eastern Siberia, Russia.

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Fig. 2 in The first Permian centipedes from Russia

Fig. 2. Scolopendromorph chilopod Permocryptops shelleyi gen. et sp. nov., holotype, PIN 3840/3165, Isady locality, upper Permian of Russia. A, D. General view of part and counterpart (mirror-reversed), respectively. B. Drawing compiled from part and counterpart. C. Ultimate legs. E. Pore fields and ventrodistal spines on the ultimate coxae. Abbreviations: po fi; pore field, sp, coxal spine; numbers in parentheses are segment numbers assuming 23 segments are present.