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PLATE 16 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 16: Figures 1–5. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. rubiginata (Iran, Tehran, Qolhak, g. prep. 0778/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran, Mazandaran, Shirinabad, 9: g. prep. 0825/2020 D. Wanke); 3: S. imitaria (a, b, c1: Cyprus, Paphos, g. prep. 1274/2022 D. Wanke, c2: [Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0772/2020 D. Wanke); 4: S. beckeraria (a: Iran, Esfahan, Kashan, g. prep. 0820/2020 D. Wanke, b, c: N-Iran, [Tehran], Varamin, g. prep. 0782/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. hoerhammeri (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11019). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 13 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 13: Figures 1–3. Male genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. tessellaria ([Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 1260/2022 D. Wanke); 2: S. nigropunctata (Turkey, Giresun, 1: g. prep. 1236/2021 D. Wanke); 3: S. caesaria (a, b: South Africa, Gauteng, Ezemvelo, g. prep. 1224/2021 D. Wanke; c: Oman, Dhofar, Wadi Sha'ath, g. prep. NHMUK 010317472). a = genitalia capsule; b = aedeagus; c = 8th sternite. Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 2 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 2. Wing venation of Scopulini genera existent in Iran. A: Problepsis wiltshirei, stat. rev., B: Cinglis humifusaria stat. rev., C: Cinglis benigna comb. nov., D: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev., E: Scopula ornata and F: Scopula relictata.

PLATE 1 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 1. Phylogenetic position of the focus taxa of this study (highlighted in blue): Cinglis humifusaria stat. rev. (Cinglis revived from synonymy under Scopula), Cinglis benigna comb. nov. (taxon benigna transferred from Scopula to Cinglis), Scopuloides fucata stat. rev. (Scopuloides revived from synonymy under Scopula), Scopula sacraria, Scopula diffinaria and Scopula chalcographata (data supports classification of these taxa in Scopula, not in Glossotrophia, and the latter is considered a junior synonym of Scopula) within the tribe Scopulini. The numbers above the branches are Rapid Bootstrap support (RBS) on the best scoring ML tree (Stamatakis 2008). Values ≥ 85 (%) indicate supported clades.

PLATE 27 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 27: Figures 1–7. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. diffinaria asiatica syn. nov. of S. diffinaria diffinaria (Paratype, Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 10873); 2: S. orbeorum (Paratype, [Iran], Tacht i Suleiman, g. prep. 4248 ZSM Hausmann); 3: S. chalcographata (Paratype, Iran, Fars, Mian-Kotal, g. prep. 10874); 4–5: S. sacraria ariana (4: Iran, Fars, Sine- Sefid, g. prep. 0581/2020 D. Wanke; 5: N-Iran, Tehran-Evin, g. prep. 0684/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. gracilis (Iran, Baloutchistan, Bender Tchahbahar, g. prep. 10877); 7: S. alfierii (Yemen, WSW Al Mukalla, g. prep. 1298/2022 D. Wanke). Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 21 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 21: Figures 1–9. Female genitalia of Cinglis, Scopuloides and Scopula species. 1: Cinglis humifusaria (Iran, Zanjan, Ab-Dar, g. prep. 1193/2022 D. Wanke); 2: Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Iran, Strasse Shiraz-Kazerun, Imam Sade, g. prep. 1050/2021 D. Wanke); 3: Cinglis benigna nigromaculata comb. nov. (Iran, Semnan, Cheschme Ali, g. prep. 0985/2021 D. Wanke); 4: Cinglis benigna amseli syn. nov. of Cinglis benigna benigna comb. nov. (Paratype, Afghanistan, Gulbahar, g. prep. WM 131); 5: Cinglis eurata comb. nov. (Turkmenistan, Kopet-Dagh, g. prep. 895 Pasi Sihvonen); 6: Scopuloides origalis stat. rev. (Iran, Balutschestan, Nikschar, g. prep. 0565/2020 D. Wanke); 7: Scopula conscensa (Ceylon, NHMUK014173528, Slide NHMUK010317461); 8–9: Scopula relictata (8: Oman, Adam, NHMUK014173580, Slide NHMUK014314454; 9: [Kenya], Suna, S. Kavirondo, NHMUK014173536, Slide NHMUK014314489); Scale-bar 1 mm.

PLATE 24 in Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae)

PLATE 24: Figures 1–6. Female genitalia of Scopula species. 1: S. transcaspica (Iran, Hamadan, S of Arak, g. prep. 0808/2020 D. Wanke); 2: S. rubiginata ([Turkey], Amasia, g. prep. 1290/2022 D. Wanke); 3: S. turbulentaria steinbacheri (Iran Mazandaran, Shirinabad, g. prep. 0974/2021 D. Wanke); 4: S. imitaria ([Croatia], Krk, Fiumebucht, g. prep. 0773/2020 D. Wanke); 5: S. beckeraria (Iran, Varamin, E Teheran, g. prep. 0783/2020 D. Wanke); 6: S. hoerhammeri (Iran, Fars, [Komehr], g. prep. 11020); Scale-bar 1 mm.

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FIGURE 170 in Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae)

FIGURE 170. Riekoleon striatus: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, posterior; c) genitalia, lateral; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 19. Penia tsou. A–C, E-K in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 19. Penia tsou. A–C, E-K: holotype, male (PTA01); D: paratype, female (PTA05). A: head, anterior view; B: head, dorsal view; C, D: basal antennomeres of right antenna; E: right maxillary palp, ventral side; F: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (black arrow: the direction perpendicular to the base of ventral lobe of prosternal process, white arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); G: left hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with moderate mesial projection); H: prosternal process from the direction perpendicular to base of ventral lobe (black arrow of figure 19F); I: scutellar shield; J: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (white arrow of figure 19F); K: left hind tarsus.

FIGURE 20. Penia tsou. A–C in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 20. Penia tsou. A–C: holotype, male (PTA01); D, E, G: paraype, female (PTA02); F: paraypes, females (PTA02, PTA05). A: aedeagus, dorsal side; B: aedeagus, ventral side; C: apical part of left paramera, ventral side; D: tergite VIII; E: sternite VIII; F: pregenital segments, ovipositor (PTA02) and bursa copulatrix (PTA05) (arrow 1: bursa copulatrix posteriorly with a short sac, arrow 2: bursa copulatrix anteriorly with a short sac); G: coxites, ventral side.

FIGURE 16 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 16. Penia takasago, holotype, female (PTK01). A: labels; B: habitus, dorsal side; C: habitus, ventral side; D: head, anterior view; E: head, dorsal view; F: basal antennomeres of right antenna; G: right maxillary palp, dorsal side; H: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (black arrow: the direction perpendicular to the base of ventral lobe of prosternal process, white arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); I: left hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with moderate mesial projection); J: prosternal process from the direction perpendicular to base of ventral lobe (black arrow of figure 16H); K: scutellar shield; L: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (white arrow of figure 18H); M: right mid tarsus.

FIGURE 18. Penia tsou. A, B in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 18. Penia tsou. A, B: holotype, male (PTA01); C: paratype, female (PTA05). A, C: habitus, dorsal side; B: habitus, ventral side.

FIGURE 14 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 14. Penia smetanai, paratype, male (PSS01). A: habitus, dorsal side; B: habitus, ventral side; C: head, anterior view; D: head, dorsal view; E: basal antennomeres of left antenna; F: left maxillary palp, dorsal side; G: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (black arrow: the direction perpendicular to the base of ventral lobe of prosternal process, white arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); H: left hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with slight mesial projection); I: prosternal process from the direction perpendicular to base of ventral lobe (black arrow of figure 14G); J: scutellar shield; K: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (white arrow of figure 14G); L: right mid tarsus.

FIGURE 13 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 13. Penia pulla, holotype, female (PPA01). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: pregenital segments and genitalia; D: coxites, ventral side.

FIGURE 12 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 12. Penia pulla, holotype, female (PPA01). A: habitus, dorsal side; B: habitus, ventral side; C: head, anterior view; D: head, dorsal view; E: basal antennomeres of left antenna; F: left maxillary palp, ventral side; G: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view (black arrow: the direction perpendicular to the base of ventral lobe of prosternal process, white arrow: the direction perpendicular to the mesosternal process between mesocoxae); H: left hypomeron (arrow: hypomeron with slight mesial projection); I: prosternal process from the direction perpendicular to base of ventral lobe (black arrow of figure 12G); J: scutellar shield; K: mesothorax from the direction perpendicular to mesosternal process between mesocoxae (white arrow of figure 12G); L: right mid tarsus.

FIGURE 17. Penia takasago, females. A, B, E–G in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 17. Penia takasago, females. A, B, E–G: holotype (PTK01); C, D: paratype (6348); H: paratype (PTK02). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: slide; D, E: pregenital segments and genitalia; F: coxites, ventral side; G: vagina and bursa copulatrix (arrow 1: bursa copulatrix posteriorly with a short sac; arrow 2: thick sac extending from around apex of bursa copulatrix; arrows 3, 4: thick sac splitting in two); H: sclerotized spines inside bursa copulatrix.

FIGURE 15 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 15. Penia smetanai, paratype, male (PSS01). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: tergites IX–X; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal side; F: aedeagus, ventral side; G: apical part of left paramera, ventral side.

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 11. Penia inopinata, holotype, female (6349) (= paratype of Penia takasago). A: pregenital segments, ventral side; B: slide; C: pregenital segments and ovipositor, ventral side; D: coxites, ventral side.

FIGURE 21 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 21. Penia sucinea, holotype, male. A: head, dorsal view; B: habitus, dorsal side; C: basal antennomeres of right antenna; D: right maxillary palp, dorsal side; E: left hypomeron; F: scutellar shield; G: head, prothorax and mesothorax, lateral view; H: abdominal ventrite V; I: aedeagus, ventral side.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic revision of the genus Penia Laporte (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Dendrometrinae) from Taiwan

FIGURE 9. Penia elongata, holotype, male (PEA01). A: tergite VIII; B: sternite VIII; C: tergites IX–X; D: sternite IX; E: aedeagus, dorsal side; F: aedeagus, ventral side; G: apical part of left paramera, ventral side.