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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

NEA, DEA and environmental characteristics in reed beds of two alpine lakes

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FIGURE 5. Alternative topologies among 11 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 5. Alternative topologies among 11 representative species of Aotearoa New Zealand grasshopper used to test compatibility of existing taxonomic treatment. A) unconstrained ML phylogeny of 15 protein coding genes, and B) the same data with congeneric species constrained to monophyly is a significantly less-likely tree.

FIGURE 4 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the New Zealand alpine grasshoppers inferred from combinations of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.

FIGURE 6 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 6. Morphological features of adult māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa New Zealand grasshoppers helpful for species identification, mapped to the molecular phylogeny. Drawings of the male internal reproductive structure (epiphallus) from Bigelow (1967) and are not to scale.

FIGURE 7. Sigaus piliferus Hutton 1897 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 7. Sigaus piliferus Hutton 1897. Anterior, lateral and dorsal views of neotypes (Bigelow 1967) at Canterbury Museum, New Zealand. A) NEOTYPE, adult male, Pohangina Saddle, East Ruahine Range, 4600 feet (~1400 metres) asl, 27 February 1965, R & A Hilson, CM2007.177.279. B) NEOALLOTYPE, adult female, Pohangina Saddle, East Ruahine Range, 4600 feet (~1400 metres) asl, 27 February 1965, R & A Hilson, CM2007.177.280. Photographs courtesy of Jonathon Ridden.

FIGURE 3 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Aotearoa New Zealand alpine grasshoppers inferred from alignment of 19,778 bp comprising 13 mitochondrial protein coding genes and two rRNAs, nuclear protein coding histones 3 & 4 and 45S cassette (with indels removed). Maximum likelihood analysis performed in IQ-Tree with codon partitioning. Numbers at nodes are results from 10000 bootstrap replicates.

FIGURE 2 in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of published mtDNA COI sequence variation within species lineages of endemic Aotearoa New Zealand Acrididae in the alpine radiation (Supplementary Table S1 for data details). Recorded locations of each taxon are coloured as shown in the phylogeny (left). Triangles on maps indicate two rare, localised species that are recognised by morphology, but are phylogenetically nested within other more widespread lineages (with corresponding colour). The sampling locations of specimens used in the current study are indicated on the maps with their unique identifiers (see Table 2).

FIGURE 1A in Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

FIGURE 1A. The generic placement of the thirteen species of grasshoppers/māwhitiwhiti from Aotearoa New Zealand since the first species descriptions in 1897 with the phylogenetic relationships implied by the current classification. Figure 1B. Māwhitiwhiti Aotearoa are diverse in form and ecology. An adult male Sigaus minutus is shown on top of an adult female Sigaus villosus to allow size comparison of smallest and largest species within this radiation. See Table 1.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Data from: Impact of environmental conditions on wood anatomical traits of green alder (Alnus alnobetula) at the alpine treeline

The data file (Alnus alnobetula_Wood anatomy.xlsx) contains all raw data, which have been used to create Figures 3-7 in the article.   Data are documented in the following article: Gruber A, G Wieser, M Fink, W Oberhuber (2024) Impact of environmental conditions on wood anatomical traits of green alder (Alnus alnobetula) at the alpine treeline. Forests, 15, 24; doi:10.3390/f15010024    Summary Due to land use change, green alder (Alnus alnobetula), formerly restricted to moist slopes, is now expanding to drier south-facing sites at the alpine treeline. To evaluate wood anatomical adaptations, we analyzed vessel characteristics (mean vessel area, MVA; vessel density, VD; and theoretic conductive area, TCA) and axial parenchyma abundance, as well as their distribution in the annual ring at a moist north-facing and a dry south-facing site at the alpine treeline (2150 m asl) on Mt. Patscherkofel (Central European Alps, Austria). Results revealed that lower soil water availability and enhanced evaporative demand did not affect MVA, while VD and TCA were significantly reduced at the dry south-facing site. This suggests that in A. alnobetula, vessel size is a static trait whereas vessel number responds plastic. Harsh environmental conditions at the distributional limit of A. alnobetula led to a near semi-ring-porous distribution of vessels and an accumulation of parenchyma in the late growing season. We conclude that in a warmer and drier climate, physiological stress may set limits to the distribution of A. alnobetula at drought-prone sites at the alpine treeline.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Simulations Data for Sublacustrine Landslide-Induced Paleotsunami in NW Alpine Lake

This repository contains the simulations data used in our manuscript, titled "Numerical Reconstruction of Landslide Paleotsunami Using Geological Records in Alpine Lake Aiguebelette' by Muhammad Naveed Zafar, Denys Dutykh,  Pierre Sabatier, Mathilde Banjan, and Jihwan Kim. <a title="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028629" href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028629">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JB028629</a> # README to reproduce the results for mass movement and related tsunami models. ## Folders - `Mass_Movement_Model`: Data related to the mass movement model. - `NSWE`: Data for Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations (NSWE) simulations. - `BOUSSINESQ`: Data for Boussinesq equation simulations. - `Amplitude_time_series`: Time series data for amplitude. - `Runup_time_series`: Time series data for runup height. ## Contents - `_output` directory: Contains output data files generated by the simulations. - `Makefile`: Script to automate the compilation and execution of the model. - `setplot.py`: Python script for setting up the plot configurations. ## Installation To use the data and run the models, you need to install Clawpack 5.8.2. Installation instructions can be found here: <a href="https://www.clawpack.org/v5.8.x/installing_pip.html#install-quick-all">Clawpack5.8.2 Installation Guide</a>. ## Running the Models After installing Clawpack, you can generate plots by navigating to any of the model directories (Mass_Movement_Model, NSWE, BOUSSINESQ, amplitude_time_series, Runup_time_series) and running the following command: ``` make plots ``` This command will compile and execute the models, and the plots will be saved in the same directory. ## Support For any questions or issues related to this data, please contact [syednaveed1421@gmail.com].

opennotspecifiedSep 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Temporal Patterns of Mating Activity in Alpine Newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris

FIG. 1. Number of mating pairs in relation to (A) the time and (B) the day, with 95% credible intervals (dotted lines). The yellow lines show the model prediction for the number of mating pairs while the lights were on; blue lines show the model prediction for lights off. Points show the raw data (yellow: lights on; blue: lights off) and are jittered for better visibility. n = 172 observations on 51 males and 54 females.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Elevational variability and controls on temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests

All data for ECS21-0520 "Elevational variability and controls on temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests"

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. M.c.chrysogasterHodgson,1839—alpinezoneat2800-4000mofNIndia(includingSikkim),Nepal,andBhutan. M. c. sifanicus Büchner, 1891 — alpine zone at 3500-4800 m of C & S China (S Ningxia, Qinghai, S Gansu, W Sichuan, SE Xizang & NW Yunnan). in Moschidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.c.chrysogasterHodgson,1839—alpinezoneat2800-4000mofNIndia(includingSikkim),Nepal,andBhutan. M. c. sifanicus Büchner, 1891 — alpine zone at 3500-4800 m of C & S China (S Ningxia, Qinghai, S Gansu, W Sichuan, SE Xizang & NW Yunnan).

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

FIGURE 1. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date

FIGURE 1. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Russia, Tuva Republic, groundwater-fed flow-through pond in Hjut River floodplain. Parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, ventral margin of valves. C, anterior group of ventral setae. D, posterior group of ventral setae. E, posteroventral angle of valves. F, head pores. G, labrum. H, postabdomen. I, postanal margin of postabdomen. J, antennule. K, antenna. Adult male. L, lateral view. M, postabdomen. N, antennule.

FIGURE 3. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date

FIGURE 3. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Russia, Tuva Republic, groundwater-fed flow-through pond in Hjut River floodplain. Thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B, setae a, b, d of limb I. C, ODL and IDL of limb I. D-E, limb II. F, exopodite of limb III. G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K, limb VI. Adult male. L, limb I. M, copulatory hook of limb I.

FIGURE 5 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999. The map is made based on the Marble Virtual Globe 2.2.0 available at https://marble.kde.org/.

FIGURE 2. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date

FIGURE 2. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Chukotka Autonomous Area, Providenskii District, small tundra lake near Kivak settlement, Parthenogenetic female. A, head shield. B, head pores. Ephippial female. C, lateral view. Adult male. D, lateral view. E, head shield. F, head pores. G, postabdomen. H, antennule.