Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Influence of a climatic gradient on genetic exchange between two oak species

Premise of the study. In plant groups with limited intrinsic barriers to gene flow, it is thought that environmental conditions can modulate interspecific genetic exchange. Oaks are known for limited barriers to gene flow among closely related species. Here, we use Quercus as a living laboratory in which to pursue a fundamental question in plant evolution: do environmental gradients restrict or promote genetic exchange between species? Methods. We focused on two North American oaks, the rare Q. dumosa and the widespread Q. berberidifolia. We sampled intensively along a contact zone in California. We sequenced restriction site associated DNA markers and measured vegetative phenotype. We tested for genetic exchange, the association with climate, and the effect on phenotype. Key results. There is evidence for genetic exchange between the species. Admixed plants are found in areas of intermediate climate, while less admixed plants are found at the extremes of the climatic gradient. Genetic and phenotypic patterns are out of phase in the zone of contact; some plants display the phenotype of one species but are genetically associated with another. Conclusions. Our results support the hypothesis that a strong climatic gradient can promote genetic exchange between species. The overall weak correlation between genotype and phenotype in the contact zone between the species suggests that genetic exchange can lead to the breakdown of trait combinations used to define species. This incongruency predicts ongoing problems for conservation of Q. dumosa, with implications for conservation of other oaks. Please be aware that if you ask to have your user record removed, we will retain your name in the records concerning manuscripts for which you were an author, reviewer, or editor. In compliance with data protection regulations, you may request that we remove your personal registration details at any time. (Use the following URL: https://www.editorialmanager.com/ajb/login.asp?a=r) Please contact the publication office if you have any questions.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Climate will increasingly determine post-fire tree regeneration success in low-elevation forests, Northern Rockies, USA

Climate change is expected to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and abundance of plant species through direct impacts on mortality, regeneration, and survival. At landscape scales, climate impacts will be strongly mediated by disturbances, such as wildfire, which catalyze shifts in species distributions through widespread mortality and by shaping the post‐disturbance environment. We examined the potential for regional shifts in low‐elevation tree species in response to wildfire and climate warming in low‐elevation, dry mixed‐conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We analyzed interactions among climate and wildfire on post‐fire tree seedling regeneration 5–13 yr post‐fire at 177 sites burned in 21 large wildfires during two years with widespread regional burning. We used generalized additive mixed models to quantify how the density of Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine seedlings varied as a function of climate normals (30‐yr mean temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration) and fire (tree survivorship, burn severity, and seed source availability). Mean summer temperature was the most important predictor of post‐fire seedling densities for both ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir. Seed availability was also important in determining Douglas‐fir regeneration. As mean summer temperature continues to increase, however, seed availability will become less important for determining post‐fire regeneration. Above a mean summer temperature of 17°C, Douglas‐fir regeneration is predicted to be minimal regardless of how close a seed source is to a site. The majority (82%) of our sampled sites are predicted to exceed a mean summer temperature of 17°C by mid‐century, suggesting significant declines in seedling densities and potential forest loss. Our results highlight mechanisms linking climate change to shifts in the distribution of two widely dominant tree species in western North America. Under a warming climate, we expect post‐fire tree regeneration in these low‐elevation forests to become increasingly unsuccessful. Such widespread regeneration failures would have important implications for ecosystem processes and forest resilience, particularly as wildfires increase in response to climate warming.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Climate change and functional traits affect population dynamics of a long-lived seabird

1. Recent studies unravelled the effect of climate changes on populations through their impact on functional traits and demographic rates in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, but such understanding in marine ecosystems remains incomplete. 2. Here, we evaluate the impact of the combined effects of climate and functional traits on population dynamics of a long-lived migratory seabird breeding in the southern ocean: the black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris, BBA). We address the following prospective question: ''Of all the changes in the climate and functional traits, which would produce the biggest impact on the BBA population growth rate?'' 3. We develop a structured matrix population model that includes the effect of climate and functional traits on the complete BBA life cycle. A detailed sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the main pathway by which climate and functional trait changes affect the population growth rate. 4. The population growth rate of BBA is driven by the combined effects of climate over various seasons and multiple functional traits with carry-over effects across seasons on demographic processes. Changes in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) during late winter cause the biggest changes in the population growth rate, through their effect on juvenile survival. Adults appeared to respond to changes in winter climate conditions by adapting their migratory schedule rather than by modifying their at-sea foraging activity. However, the sensitivity of the population growth rate to SST affecting BBA migratory schedule is small. BBA foraging activity during the pre-breeding period has the biggest impact on population growth rate among functional traits. Finally, changes in SST during the breeding season have little effect on the population growth rate. 5. These results highlight the importance of early life histories and carry-over effects of climate and functional traits on demographic rates across multiple seasons in population response to climate change. Robust conclusions about the roles of various phases of the life cycle and functional traits in population response to climate change rely on an understanding of the relationships of traits to demographic rates across the complete life cycle.

opengpl-2.0Jun 2016View details →

Climate Change in Austria according to HISTALP data

This project is researching the climate change in Austria using data of the HISTALP project of ZAMG. The data is collected to visualize and summarize the climatological change in 9 weather stations in Austria: <ul> <li>Bregenz [BRE]</li> <li>Eisenstadt [EST]</li> <li>Graz - Universität [GRA]</li> <li>Innsbruck-Universität [INN]</li> <li>Klagenfurt-Flughafen [KLA]</li> <li>Linz-Stadt [LIN]</li> <li>Salzburg-Flughafen [SAL]</li> <li>St. Pölten [SPO]</li> <li>Wien-Hohe Warte [WIE]</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Data Release for Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2-CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model

CESM2 and CISM2 data files for figures in "Retreat and Regrowth of the Greenland Ice Sheet During the Last Interglacial as Simulated by the CESM2-CISM2 Coupled Climate–Ice Sheet Model" (Sommers et al., 2021, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology)

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Data and code in support of "Quantifying international climate finance needs and its social and climate benefits"

<div> <div>These folders contain the code and figures for experiments, data analysis and visualization of results associated with the paper "Quantifying international climate finance needs and its social and climate benefits".</div> <div>The folder FullAdaptation contains the data needed to produce the figures reported in the main text assuming adaptation as in Agrawala et al.</div> <div>The folder WITCHAdaptation contains the data needed to produce the figures reported in the supplementary material and discussed in the context of alternative assumptions for adaptation modeling.</div> <div>Each of these folders contains:</div> <div>- the original optimization experiments (with and without transfers under different inequality aversion levels);</div> <div>- the CRICE code which is used to simulate the obtained policies from the folders above;</div> <div>- folders containing figures (main/supp figures and optimization runtimes);</div> <div>- world-administrative boundaries shapefile (https://public.opendatasoft.com/explore/dataset/world-administrative-boundaries/export/);</div> <div>- script to compile the optimization version of CRICE (compile_run.sh). This is needed to run the optimizations but it requires substantial computational time;</div> <div>- script to select the best solution/runtime across seeds (best_runtime.py);</div> <div>- script to simulate the best solutions (simulate_sensitivity_mitigation.py). Before running this run "make clean && make" in the CRICE50 folder to make sure the simulation model is compiled;</div> <div>- script to produce figures (analyze_results.py, plot_figures.py, plot_maps.py, plot_runtime.py).</div> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data and code for "The economic commitment of climate change"

This repository contains data and code necessary for replication of the publication: The economic commitment of climate change. M. Kotz, A. Levermann, L. Wenz. Nature. 2024. including updates made to address critiques brought forward by the Matters Arising process. See the README document for detailed instructions in its use. Please feel free to contact maxkotz@pik-potsdam.de in case of any questions.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Plant biodiversity responds more strongly to climate warming and anthropogenic activities than microbial biodiversity in the Qinghai-Tibetan alpine grasslands

Biodiversity serves as the fundamental underpinning for ecosystem functions and services. As a result of human-induced global change, there is a growing awareness of the substantial alterations in terrestrial aboveground biodiversity, particularly within alpine regions. However, it remains uncertain whether belowground biodiversity will exhibit similar responses, both in terms of magnitude and manner, to anthropogenic global changes as aboveground biodiversity. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impacts of warming, nutrient addition, and grazing on plant and soil microbial biodiversity in alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which are known to be climate-sensitive and vulnerable. The analysis included 819 experimental observations from 152 studies, focusing on species richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou's evenness. We found that plant biodiversity exhibited greater sensitivity to climate warming and anthropogenic activities compared to soil microbial biodiversity. Specifically, plant richness and Shannon diversity were reduced by warming and nutrient addition, while plant evenness was increased by grazing. However, only microbial richness was increased by grazing and microbial evenness was increased by warming slightly. The responses of biodiversity to climate warming and anthropogenic activities were modulated by multiple factors. Specifically, the negative effects of warming on plant biodiversity were more pronounced in long-term experiments under warmer or drier environmental conditions. The negative effects of nitrogen addition on biodiversity were enhanced by the intensity and duration of nitrogen treatment. Appropriate intensity and frequency of grazing were beneficial to sustaining plant biodiversity. Soil microbial biodiversity was weakly regulated, where bacterial Shannon diversity was more sensitive to nutrient addition, while fungal species richness was sensitive to grazing. Synthesis: Our findings reveal a mismatch between aboveground plant and belowground microbial biodiversity in response to climate warming and anthropogenic activities in alpine grasslands, with plant biodiversity being more sensitive. In the context of future global change, plant biodiversity may be at greater risk than soil microbial biodiversity. In addition, biodiversity responses of different experimental and environmental conditions should be distinguished, and more attention is needed on biodiversity conservation in alpine steppe, or areas with warmer and drier environmental conditions, high-intensity fertilization or heavy grazing.

Main output data used in "Coupling the regional climate MAR model with the ice sheet model PISM mitigates the melt-elevation positive feedback" (Delhasse et al., 2024)

Outputs used in: Delhasse, A., Beckmann, J., Kittel, C., and Fettweis, X.: Coupling MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) mitigates the positive melt–elevation feedback, The Cryosphere, 18, 633–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, 2024. MAR-PISM coupling experiments outputs over 1991-2200. The main experiments are: <ul> <li>MAPI-2w: 2-way coupling, consideration online of the melt-elevation feedback (evolving topography in MAR).</li> <li>MAPI-1w: 1-way coupling, consideration of the melt-elevation feedback only with the offline correction (Franco et al., 2012) of the MAR outputs (fixed topography in MAR).</li> <li>MAPI-0w:  0-way coupling, no consideration of the melt-elevation feedback (fixed topography in MAR and no correction during interpolation).</li> </ul> MAR files contain yearly SMB (surface mass balance) and ST (surface temperature) interpolated (with correction) on the PISM-4.5km grid. Gradients used for the correction of the melt-elevation feedback are also given for both variables. SMB and ST are the two required MAR fields to couple MAR with PISM.  PISM files contain yearly ice thickness (THK) and ice mask (MASK) as simulated by PISM for each of the three experiments.  The MAR code used in this dataset is tagged as v3.11.3 on https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3# (last access: 23 January 2024) (MARTeam, 2024). The PISM code used is tagged as PISMv1.2.2 on <a href="https://github.com/pism/pism/releases/tag/v1.2.2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/pism/pism/releases/tag/v1.2.2</a> (last access: 23 January 2024). Other coupling scripts are also available upon request by email (<a href="mailto:alison.delhasse@uliege.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">alison.delhasse@uliege.be</a>). If you need other variables from MAR or PISM, send us an email (alison.delhasse@uliege.be, johanna.beckmann@monash.edu) and we will be glad to help you. We will also be happy to share the scripts we have developed to analyse the outputs and make the figures in this paper if needed. Please cite the paper if you use these MAR-PISM outputs. Data usage notice: If you use any of these results, please acknowledge the work of the people involved in producing them. Acknowledgments should be similar to the one below that contains information related to MAR and PISM. To document MAR scientific impact and enable ongoing support of the model, users are likely encouraged to contact me to add their works to the list of MAR-related publications.  "We thank A. Delhasse and J. Beckmann, as well as the MAR and PISM teams which make available the model outputs. We also thank agencies (F.R.S - FNRS, CÉCI, and the Walloon Region) that provided computational resources for MAR-PISM simulations. " You should also refer to and cite the following paper in its latest version: Delhasse, A., Beckmann, J., Kittel, C., and Fettweis, X.: Coupling MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) with PISM (Parallel Ice Sheet Model) mitigates the positive melt–elevation feedback, The Cryosphere, 18, 633–651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-633-2024, 2024. Reference Franco, B., Fettweis, X., Lang, C., and Erpicum, M.: Impact of spatial resolution on the modelling of the Greenland ice sheet surface mass balance between 1990–2010, using the regional climate model MAR, The Cryosphere, 6, 695–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-695-2012, 2012. MARTeam: MARv3.11, GitLab [data set], <a href="https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://gitlab.com/Mar-Group/MARv3#</a> (last access: 28 May 2022), 2021.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data from: Climatic effects on the synchrony and stability of temperate headwater invertebrates over four decades

Important clues about the ecological effects of climate change can arise from understanding the influence of other Earth-system processes on ecosystem dynamics but few studies span the inter-decadal timescales required. We, therefore, examined how variation in annual weather patterns associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) over four decades was linked to synchrony and stability in a metacommunity of stream invertebrates across multiple, contrasting headwaters in central Wales (UK). Prolonged warmer and wetter conditions during positive NAO winters appeared to synchronise variations in population and community composition among and within streams thereby reducing stability across levels of ecological organisation. This climatically-mediated synchronisation occurred in all streams irrespective of acid-base status and land use, but was weaker where invertebrate communities were more functionally diverse. Wavelet linear models indicated that variation in the NAO explained up to 50% of overall synchrony in species abundances at a timescale of 4-6 years. The NAO appeared to affect ecological dynamics through local variations in temperature, precipitation and discharge, but increasing hydrochemical variability across sites during wetter winters might have contributed. Our findings illustrate how large-scale climatic fluctuations generated over the North Atlantic can affect population persistence and dynamics in inland freshwater ecosystems in ways that transcend local catchment character. Protecting and restoring functional diversity in stream communities might increase their stability against warmer, wetter conditions that are analogues of ongoing climate change. Catchment management could also dampen impacts and provide options for climate change adaptation.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Daily climate data for Pousada Aguape, MS, Brazil, November 2021-October 2022

The extent to which animals may compensate for rising temperatures through behavioral thermoregulation is an important unknown in predicting responses to climate change. Flexibility in temporal activity in particular may be an important factor in determining species' vulnerability. In this study, we examine whether the white-lipped peccary, a predominantly diurnal Neotropical mammal, shifts its temporal activity and microclimate selection in response to daily temperature variation in the Pantanal biome of Brazil. From November 2021 to October 2022, we deployed camera traps and microclimate data loggers to record white-lipped peccary activity and air temperature on a fine spatiotemporal scale. We found that the percentage of peccary activity that is nocturnal increased with maximum daily temperature at a rate of 3.7% per 1°C past a threshold of 31.2°C, and increased with maximum daily wet-bulb temperature at a rate of 4.7% per 1°C past a threshold of 24.9°C. The afternoon period (i.e. solar noon to sunset) went from having the highest frequency of peccary activity at the lower end of our observed temperature range to having the lowest frequency of activity at the higher end. We did not find evidence of microclimate selection. Our findings indicate that white-lipped peccaries in the Pantanal demonstrate substantial behavioral flexibility in their response to high temperatures, which may help to buffer them against the impact of rising temperatures caused by climate change. This dataset includes all data from the microclimate date loggers. Camera trap records can be accessed through Wildlife Insights.

Data for "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates"

Code, simulation input files, and postprocessed simulation output data supporting "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates", submitted to Weather and Climate Dynamics. Enclosed README file provides detailed descriptions of the archive contents.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data from: Climate warming and sea turtle sex ratios across the globe

Climate warming and the feminisation of populations due to temperature-dependent sex determination may threaten sea turtles with extinction. To identify sites of heightened risk, we examined sex ratio data and patterns of climate change over multiple decades for 64 nesting sites spread across the globe. Over the last 62 years the mean change in air temperature was 0.85 °C per century (SD = 0.65 °C, range = -0.53 to +2.5 °C, n = 64 nesting sites). Temperatures increased at 40 of the 64 study sites. Female-skewed hatchling or juvenile sex ratios occurred at 57 of the 64 sites, with skews > 90% female at 17 sites. We did not uncover a relationship between the extent of warming and sex ratio (r62 = -0.03, p = 0.802, n = 64 nesting sites). Hence, our results suggest that female-hatchling sex ratio skews are not simply a consequence of recent warming but have likely persisted at some sites for many decades. So other factors aside from recent warming must drive these variations in sex ratios across nesting sites, such as variations in nesting behaviour (e.g., nest depth), substrate (e.g., sand albedo), shading available and rainfall patterns. While overall across sites recent warming is not linked to hatchling sex ratio, at some sites there is both is a high female skew and high warming, such as Raine Island (Australia; 99% female green turtles; 1.27 °C warming per century), nesting beaches in Cyprus (97.1% female green turtles; 1.68 °C warming per century), and in the Dutch Caribbean (St Eustatius; 91.5% female leatherback turtles; 1.15 °C warming per century). These may be among the first sites where management intervention is needed to increase male production. Continued monitoring of sand temperatures and sex ratios are recommended to help identify when high incubation temperatures threaten population viability.

Data for: The Clam Before the Storm: A Meta Analysis Showing the Effect of Combined Climate Change Stressors on Bivalves

These data were used to conduct a meta-analysis (as descirbed in the pre-print; The Clam Before the Storm: A Meta Analysis Showing the Effect of Combined Climate Change Stressors on Bivalves). These data can be used to reproduce our analysis.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data from: Frost damage measured by electrolyte leakage in subarctic bryophytes increases with climate warming

1. Observed climate change in northern high latitudes is strongest in winter, but still relatively little is known about the effects of winter climate change on tundra ecosystems. Ongoing changes in winter climate and snow cover will change the intensity, duration, and frequency of frost events. Bryophytes form a major component of northern ecosystems but their responses to winter climate changes are largely unknown. 2. Here, we studied how changes in overall winter climate and snow regime affect frost damage in three common bryophyte taxa that differ in desiccation tolerance in a subarctic tundra ecosystem. We used a snow manipulation experiment where bryophyte cores were transplanted from just above the treeline to similar elevation (i.e., current cold climate) and lower elevation (i.e., near-future warmer climate scenario) in Abisko, Sweden. Here we measured frost damage in shoots of Ptilidium ciliare, Hylocomium splendens and Sphagnum fuscum with the relative electrolyte leakage (REL) method, during late winter and spring in two consecutive years. We hypothesized that frost damage would be lower in a milder climate (low site), higher under reduced snow cover, and that taxa from moister habitats with assumed low desiccation tolerance would be more sensitive to lower temperature and thinner snow cover than those from drier and more exposed habitats. 3. Contrary to our expectations, frost damage was highest at low elevation, while the effect of snow treatment differed across sites and taxa. At the high site, frost damage was reduced under snow addition in the taxon with the assumed lowest desiccation tolerance, S. fuscum. Surprisingly, frost damage increased with mean temperature in the bryophyte core of the preceding 14 days leading up to REL measurements and decreased with higher frost degree sums, i.e., was highest in the milder climate at the low site. 4. Synthesis. Our results imply that climate warming in late winter and spring increases frost damage in bryophytes. Given the high abundance of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems, higher frost damage could alter the appearance and functioning of the tundra landscape, although the short and long-term effects on bryophyte fitness remain to be studied.

Data for the publication "Developing a climatological simplification of aerosols to enter the cloud microphysics of a global climate model" - part 2

The data is split into two datasets, for each to be smaller than 50 GB.

INTERACT arctic research stations: Historic weather data fetched and plotted from Copernicus Climate Data Store

Plots with historic weather data for arctic research stations covered by International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT). Comparison with WMO climate normal periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2020, averages and stations deviations from the normal periods are calculated and plotted.The data source for historic data of temperature and precipitation is: Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7  See the linked github repository https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10214962 for how data was fetched from Copernicus Climate Data Store, prepared and plotted. The github repository also contains CSVs with source data for the plots.

Data from: "A framework for performing comparative LCA between repairing flooded houses and construction of dikes in non-stationary climate with changing risk of flooding"

In the paper "A framework for performing comparative LCA between repairing flooded houses and construction of dikes in a non-stationary climate with changing risk of flooding", life cycle assessment is used to compare two ways to maintain the state of a coastal urban area in a changing climate with increasing flood risk. On one side, the construction of a dike, a hard and proactive scenario, is modeled using a bottom-up approach. On the other, the systematic repair of houses flooded by sea surges, a post-disaster measure, is assessed using a Monte Carlo simulation allowing for aleatory uncertainties in predicting future sea level rise and occurrences of extreme events. Two metrics are identified, normalized mean impacts and probability of dike being most efficient. The methodology is applied to three case studies in Denmark representing three contrasting areas, Copenhagen, Frederiksværk, and Esbjerg. For all case studies the distribution of the calculated impact of repairing houses is highly right skewed, which in some cases has implications for the comparative LCA. This dataset contains the underlying data to support the findings of the paper. In particular, two sets of characterized environmental impacts are reported: (1) the impacts of flood-related repairs summed over a century, for each Monte Carlo simulation and (2) the impacts of building a dam. Both sets of results are reported for each of the three cities studied.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Data for the paper: Critical role of radiative cooling vertical contrast in triggering episodic deluges in small-domain hothouse climates

Data for the paper: Critical role of radiative cooling vertical contrast in triggering episodic deluges in small-domain hothouse climates. The paper has just been submitted, which means this dataset might change before the final publication.