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FIGURE 4 in On the stream-dwelling Crossodactylus timbuhy (Anura, Hylodidae): taxonomy, natural history, and geographic distribution
FIGURE 4. Crossodactylus timbuhy tadpole at stage 38 (TL=53.4 mm; MNRJ 93668): A) lateral view, B) dorsal view, and C) ventral view. D) Oral disc from a tadpole stage 25 (MNRJ 93670). Both collected at the species type locality (Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Municipality of Santa Teresa, State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. Photos by JVAL (A–C) and Daniela Fonseca (D).
FIGURE 3 in On the stream-dwelling Crossodactylus timbuhy (Anura, Hylodidae): taxonomy, natural history, and geographic distribution
FIGURE 3. Crossodactylus timbuhy at Córrego Roda D´Água, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, Municipality of Santa Teresa, State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil: (A–B) different tones of overall color pattern in two unvouchered specimens; (C–D) different intensities of reticulation on the belly, chest and gular surfaces in two unvouchered specimens; (E) dorsal, lateral and (F) ventral color pattern in a froglet; and (G) tadpole (MNRJ 93668). Photos by JVAL.
FIGURE 2 in On the stream-dwelling Crossodactylus timbuhy (Anura, Hylodidae): taxonomy, natural history, and geographic distribution
FIGURE 2. Haplotype network based on 16S rRNA of Crossodactylus species using POPART. Haplotype circle is proportional to its frequency (indicated in legend). Each color represents distinct species and/or species complex, and black dots represent inferred unsampled or extinct haplotypes. Mutational steps between alleles are represented by lines.
FIGURE 6 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 6. Dated phylogeny obtained through Maximum Likelihood for endosymbiont ciliates of the Trichostomatia subclass. The red vertical line represents the radiation period of the Caprinae subfamily (Ropiquet & Hassanin 2005 a, b). The green circles represent the nodes and the possible period in millions of years of diversification of the Isotrichidae (4.3–15.5) and Ophryoscolecidae (1.0–5.7) families. My—Millions of years.
FIGURE 4 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 4. Interaction network between ciliate protozoa species associated with goats and other hosts. The bars in grey and black represent some hosts that associate with ciliates and the ciliate protozoa species, respectively. The colored arrows (ranging from black to red) represent the associations between hosts and ciliate species. The size of the grey and black bars represents the hosts and ciliate species with greater or lower association, respectively (Dogiel 1928; Dehority 1974; Vasily & Mitchell 1974; Wilkinson & Van Hoven 1976; Kleynhans & Hoven 1976; Van Hoven et al. 1979; Dehority 1987; Towne et al. 1988; Dehority 1995; Selim et al. 1996; Dehority 1997; Wright & Lynn 1997; Selim et al. 1999; Dehority et al. 1999; Franzolin & Dehority 1999; Su et al. 2000; Imai et al. 2004; Talar et al. 2004; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Obanda et al. 2008; Del Valle et al. 2008; Martinele & D'Agosto 2008; Mishima et al. 2009; Booyse & Dehority 2012; Baraka 2012; Booyse et al. 2014; Booyse et al. 2015; Cerón Cucchi et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2016; Cedrola et al. 2017; Kimura et al. 2017; Gürelli 2017; Gürelli 2018; Cedrola et al. 2018).
FIGURE 5 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree obtained through Maximum Likelihood representing evolutionary relationships of some species of ciliates, based on 18S rDNA sequences. The red color represents species observed in studies with rumen samples from goats. Subclass Haptoria was chosen as outgroup. The values in each node of the tree mean, respectively: Maximum Likelihood (ML) bootstrap and Bayesian inference (BI) values of posterior probability. Scale bar represents 3 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.
FIGURE 2 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 2. Schematic representation of the association of ciliate protozoa genera and the host species of the Caprinae subfamily. The numbers around the circle represent the number of times a genus has been observed in a host. The colors red, pink, caramel and dark orange of the bars represent, respectively, the hosts Capra hircus, Rupicapra rupicapra, Capra pyrenaica, and Capra ibex, and the genera associated with them. The lines within the circle indicate the association between host species and the genera.
FIGURE 3 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 3. Geographic and quantitative distribution of the ciliate protozoa species associated with goats. Some regions in the map (Spain, former Czechoslovakia, Italy, South Korea and Japan), were amplified for better visualization of the geographic boarders (Lubinsky 1955; Christl 1958; Imai et al. 1978; Lee 1979; Crha et al. 1985; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Ito et al. 1995; Gurung et al. 2002; Göçmen & Atatur 2002; Göçmen et al. 2002; Mermer et al. 2003; Rastgeld & Göçmen 2003; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Talar et al. 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005; Göçmen & Karaoðlu 2005; De la Fuente et al. 2006; Mermer et al. 2006; Göçmen & Sezgin 2006; De la Fuente et al. 2009; Baraka 2012; Gürelli 2014; Gürelli et al. 2016; Mohamed 2017).
FIGURE 1 in Rumen ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) associated with goats: checklist, geographic distribution, host specificity, phylogeny and molecular dating
FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings of the rumen ciliate species described in goats (Christl 1958; Fernandez-Galiano & Campos 1992; Göçmen & Rastgeldi 2004; Göçmen et al. 2005). A. Entodinium alpinum; B. Entodinium ibicis; C. Entodinium couturier; D. Entodinium wertheimi; E. Entodinium salmani; F. Ophryoscolex monoacanthus. G-H: frequent species in observations of caprine rumen samples; G. Isotricha prostoma; H. Dasytricha ruminantium; I. Entodinium dubardi; J. Entodinium caudatum; K. Entodinium exiguum; L. Entodinium minimum; M. Entodinium simplex; N. Entodinium longinucleatum; O. Epidinium ecaudatum. Abbreviations: ACZ, adoral ciliary zone; CV, contractile vacuole; CS, caudal spine; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; Ve, vestibulum; Sk, skeletal plate. Scale bar:10μm.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.a.assamensisMcClelland,1839—S&SEAsia,200-2750mabovesealevel,EofthegreatbendoftheBrahmaputraRiver,inSWChina(SEXizangAutonomousRegion[=Tibet],SWYunnan,Guizhou,SWGuangxiprovinces),NEIndia(EArunachalPradesh,EAssam,Nagaland,Meghalaya,M.a.,Mizoram,andTripurastates),SandEthroughN&EMyanmar,N&WThailand,Laos,andNVietnam. M. a. pelops Hodgson, 1840 — Himalayas up to 3100 m above sea level, from C Nepal (W limit Tipling, 83° 36' E) E through NE India (N West Bengal, Sikkim, W Assam states), and Bhutan (E limit M.a. River, 90° 58" E), with a widely disjunct record, of what may be a geographic relict, in coastal SW Bangladesh (Sundarbans). in Cercopithecidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.a.assamensisMcClelland,1839—S&SEAsia,200-2750mabovesealevel,EofthegreatbendoftheBrahmaputraRiver,inSWChina(SEXizangAutonomousRegion[=Tibet],SWYunnan,Guizhou,SWGuangxiprovinces),NEIndia(EArunachalPradesh,EAssam,Nagaland,Meghalaya,M.a.,Mizoram,andTripurastates),SandEthroughN&EMyanmar,N&WThailand,Laos,andNVietnam. M. a. pelops Hodgson, 1840 — Himalayas up to 3100 m above sea level, from C Nepal (W limit Tipling, 83° 36' E) E through NE India (N West Bengal, Sikkim, W Assam states), and Bhutan (E limit M.a. River, 90° 58" E), with a widely disjunct record, of what may be a geographic relict, in coastal SW Bangladesh (Sundarbans).
Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.musculusLinnaeus,1758—EEurope,CAsia,andChina. M.m.castaneusWaterhouse,1843—Kenya,Madagascar,Pakistan,India,andSEAsia. M. m. domesticus E. Schwarz & H. K. Schwarz, 1943 — W Europe and N Africa. M. m. gentilulus Thomas, 1919 — Arabian Peninsula. Also three unnamed geographic lineages from C & SE Iran and Nepal. Now introduced worldwide, except Antarctica (modern introductions not shaded on the map). in Muridae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.musculusLinnaeus,1758—EEurope,CAsia,andChina. M.m.castaneusWaterhouse,1843—Kenya,Madagascar,Pakistan,India,andSEAsia. M. m. domesticus E. Schwarz & H. K. Schwarz, 1943 — W Europe and N Africa. M. m. gentilulus Thomas, 1919 — Arabian Peninsula. Also three unnamed geographic lineages from C & SE Iran and Nepal. Now introduced worldwide, except Antarctica (modern introductions not shaded on the map).
Distribution. Known only from seven localities in Central Cordillera of New Guinea, including Star (= Jayawijaya) Mts and the Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, and Blucher ranges. A subfossil specimen from an owl pellet deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya, W New Guinea, may also represent this species; if confirmed, this would extend both the geographic and elevational range of Mirza's Western Moss Rat. in Muridae
Distribution. Known only from seven localities in Central Cordillera of New Guinea, including Star (= Jayawijaya) Mts and the Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, and Blucher ranges. A subfossil specimen from an owl pellet deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya, W New Guinea, may also represent this species; if confirmed, this would extend both the geographic and elevational range of Mirza's Western Moss Rat.
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae
The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).
Data from: Potential geographic distributions of endangered Opisthopappus Shih in response to environmental changes
<p><span><span><span>Environmental changes could dramatically influence the distribution area and niche of organisms. Taihang Mountains contain numerous endemic species, regarded as a center of distribution and diversity for many plant genera. It is necessary that having more comprehensive studies of test climate effects on species in this area. <i>Opisthopappus</i> (containing two species<i> Opisthopappus</i><i> taihangensis</i> and <i>Opisthopappus</i><i> longilobus</i>) is an endangered and endemic genus in the Taihang Mountains. Predicting the suitable potential distribution, exploring the niche difference between two species and determining the important environmental factors are very critical for the sustainable utilization and scientific conservation. In this study, the distribution areas of both two species decreased drastically from the LIG to LGM period. Main refugia might have been in the centre of the Taihang Mountains. Compared LGM, the distribution ranges expanded in the Mid-Holocene period whether <i>O. longilobus </i>or <i>O. taihangensis</i>, and that generally similar to the present distribution areas of two species. From 2050 to 2070, the predicted distribution area greatly increased for both two species. Moreover, <i>O. longilobus</i> migrated toward south and east, while <i>O. taihangensis</i> moved toward west. Among all 37 environmental variables, <span>fourteen </span>variables (bio2, bio3, bio4, bio8, bio11, bio13, bio15, elev, T_CaCO<sub>3</sub>, T_GRAVEL, T_OC, T_SAND, T_SILT, T_TEB) were the most important factors influencing on the distribution of <i>Opisthopappus</i>. <i>O. taihangensis</i> and <i>O. longilobus</i> presented a significant niche differentiation, and this change occurred gradually with the passage of time. These would provide some clues for the management and conservation for <i>O. taihangensis</i> and <i>O. longilobus</i>.</span></span></span></p>
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista juruenensis, Ch. longistyla, Ch. major, Ch. oligosperma, Ch. roncadorensis e Ch. viscosa. in Taxonomic revision of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with adjustments in the new classification
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista juruenensis, Ch. longistyla, Ch. major, Ch. oligosperma, Ch. roncadorensis e Ch. viscosa.
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista absus, Ch. acosmifolia, Ch. amiciella, Ch. anamariae, Ch. barbata e Ch. brevicalyx. in Taxonomic revision of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with adjustments in the new classification
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista absus, Ch. acosmifolia, Ch. amiciella, Ch. anamariae, Ch. barbata e Ch. brevicalyx.
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista campestris, Ch. carobinha, Ch. chapadae, Ch. fagonioides, Ch. hispidula e Ch. jacobinae. in Taxonomic revision of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) with adjustments in the new classification
FIGURE. Maps of the geographic distribution of species: Chamaecrista campestris, Ch. carobinha, Ch. chapadae, Ch. fagonioides, Ch. hispidula e Ch. jacobinae.
Temporal changes in the potential geographic distribution of Histiotus velatus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), the "decade effect"
<p>Also investigate how the potential distribution of this species changes with the addition of new records over the decades (decade effect). Assuming that (1: hypothesis of the effect of the decade) the addition of new occurrence records over time increases the potential size of the species distribution; and (2: Wallacean distance hypothesis) over the years, the new points added are increasingly distant from the research centers. Considering the geographic knowledge gap of <i>Histiotu velatus</i>, our objective is to report a new record of this species and estimate its potential distribution in South America through ENMs. For this, we compiled records of occurrence of species, selected from 1900 to 2015. We used 19 bioclimatic variables available in the WorldCLim database to estimate the potential distribution of the species and we used three modeling algorithms: Maximum Entropy (MXT) Random Forest (RDF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We selected the main bat research centers in Brazil, using the Lattes platform for the Wallacean distance hypothesis, using the Euclidean distance calculation. To test the hypothesis of the decade effect, we used beta regression analysis, taking conservative and non-conservative approaches. The results showed that the predicted area expanded and retracted over the decades, with an improvement in the accuracy of the models with the addition of new data. Most of the records are located in the southeastern region of Brazil, but the algorithms predicted areas in countries where there were no records. Only the conservatism approach has had a positive relationship over the decades. The distance from new points does not increase over the years of research centers.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Macías-Hernández N, López SC, Roca-Cusachs M, Oromí P, Arnedo MA (2016) A geographical distribution database of the genus Dysdera in the Canary Islands (Araneae, Dysderidae). ZooKeys 625: 11-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9847
Supplementary Figure 1 : Explanation note: Distributional map of each species of Dysdera (alphabetically ordered).
Supplementary material 1 from: Macías-Hernández N, López SC, Roca-Cusachs M, Oromí P, Arnedo MA (2016) A geographical distribution database of the genus Dysdera in the Canary Islands (Araneae, Dysderidae). ZooKeys 625: 11-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.625.9847
Supplementary Table 1 : Explanation note: Distribution of each Dysdera species, indicating species name, locality, district, island, type of habitat, geographic coordinates, and altitude (m).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.