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1,036 results for “Modernism”
Characterizing the modern light environment and its influence on circadian rhythms
<p>Humans have largely supplanted natural light cycles with a variety of electric light sources and schedules misaligned with day-night cycles. Circadian disruption has been linked to a number of disease processes, but the extent of circadian disruption among the population is unknown. In this study, we measured light exposure and wrist temperature among residents of an urban area during each of the four seasons, as well as light illuminance in nearby outdoor locations. Daily light exposure was significantly lower for individuals, compared to outdoor light sensors, across all four seasons. There was also little seasonal variation in the realized photoperiod experienced by individuals, with the only significant difference occurring between winter and summer. We tested the hypothesis that differential light exposure impacts circadian phase timing, detected via the wrist temperature rhythm. To determine the influence of light exposure on circadian rhythms, we modeled the impact of morning and nighttime light exposure on the timing of the maximum wrist temperature. We found that morning and nighttime light exposure had significant but opposing impacts on maximum wrist temperature timing. Our results demonstrate that, within the range of exposure seen in everyday life, nighttime light can delay the onset of the maximum wrist temperature, while morning light can lead to earlier onset. Our results demonstrate that humans are minimizing natural seasonal differences in light exposure, and that circadian shifts and disruptions may be a more regular occurrence in the general population than is currently recognized.</p>
FIGURE 4 in A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
FIGURE 4. Examples of deuterostome animals. (A) The enigmatic Xenoturbella bocki (photograph by G.W. Rouse). (B) The hemichordate Ptychodera bahamensis (photograph by G. Giribet). (C) Three species of crinoid echinoderms (feather stars) on a gorgonian specimen (photograph by G.W. Rouse). (D) The lancelet Branchiostoma caribaeum (photograph by G.W. Rouse).
FIGURE 3 in A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
FIGURE 3. Examples of basal metazoans. (A) A species of the sponge genus Diplastrella (photograph by G. Giribet). (B) The hydrozoan cnidarian Leuckartiara octona (photograph by F. Pleijel). (c) An Indopacific coral Acropora sp. (photograph by G.W. Rouse). (d) An invasive ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi (photograph by F. Pleijel).
FIGURE 2 in A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
FIGURE 2. Conservative hypothesis of metazoan relationships summarizing findings up to 2007. Green squares indicate genomic/EST data available. Orange squares indicate ESTs generated by the authors and other participants in the NSF-funded Assembling the Protostome Tree of Life project (Dunn et al. submitted).
FIGURE 1 in A modern look at the Animal Tree of Life*
FIGURE 1. Recently discovered and unusual animals. (A) Press coverage of the discovery of the bone-eating worm Osedax (for details see Rouse and Pleijel, this volume). (B) Greenland stamp after the discovery of Micrognathozoa. (C) Detail of the cycliophoran Symbion pandora (photograph courtesy of Peter Funch). (D) An undescribed deep-sea lophenteropneust (photograph courtesy of Nick Holland [see Holland et al. 2005]).
Data from: High-throughput SNP genotyping of historical and modern samples of five bird species via sequence capture of ultraconserved elements
Sample availability limits population genetics research on many species, especially taxa from regions with high diversity. However, many such species are well represented in museum collections assembled before the molecular era. Development of techniques to recover genetic data from these invaluable specimens will benefit biodiversity science. Using a mixture of freshly preserved and historical tissue samples, and a sequence capture probe set targeting >5000 loci, we produced high-confidence genotype calls on thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in each of five South-East Asian bird species and their close relatives (N = 27–43). On average, 66.2% of the reads mapped to the pseudo-reference genome of each species. Of these mapped reads, an average of 52.7% was identified as PCR or optical duplicates. We achieved deeper effective sequencing for historical samples (122.7×) compared to modern samples (23.5×). The number of nucleotide sites with at least 8× sequencing depth was high, with averages ranging from 0.89 × 106 bp (Arachnothera, modern samples) to 1.98 × 106 bp (Stachyris, modern samples). Linear regression revealed that the amount of sequence data obtained from each historical sample (represented by per cent of the pseudo-reference genome recovered with ≥8× sequencing depth) was positively and significantly (P ≤ 0.013) related to how recently the sample was collected. We observed characteristic post-mortem damage in the DNA of historical samples. However, we were able to reduce the error rate significantly by truncating ends of reads during read mapping (local alignment) and conducting stringent SNP and genotype filtering.
Replication Package for "Fertility and Modernity"
<p>This replication package allows replication of all the empirical results in the paper "Fertility and Modernity" by Spolaore and Wacziarg. Please see the readme.pdf file for details.</p>
Figure 2 in The origin of modern amphibians: a re-evaluation
Figure 2. Bayesian inference trees (MrBayes). A, analysis of unmodified supermatrix based on characters from all three hypotheses. B, modified supermatrix. Numbers indicate posterior probabilities.
Figure 1 in The origin of modern amphibians: a re-evaluation
Figure 1. Some fossil taxa of importance to the discussion of the origin of modern amphibians. A–C, the lysorophian lepospondyl Brachydectes (from Wellstead, 1991). D–F, the microsaurian lepospondyl Rhynchonkos (from Carroll & Gaskill, 1978). G–I, the amphibamid temnospondyl Doleserpeton (from Sigurdsen & Bolt, 2010). A, D, G, full reconstruction. B, E, H, skull, dorsal view. C, F, I, skull, ventral view. Not to scale.
Figure 3 in The origin of modern amphibians: a re-evaluation
Figure 3. Parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses (PAUP), bootstrap analyses. A, unmodified supermatrix. B, corrected supermatrix, characters weighted in inverse proportion to the size of the original matrices. Numbers refer to bootstrap frequencies.
Figure 4 in The origin of modern amphibians: a re-evaluation
Figure 4. Parsimony-based phylogenetic analyses (PAUP). A, corrected supermatrix (unweighted characters), strict consensus of three equally parsimonious trees, RI = 0.55, CI = 0.46 (preferred phylogeny). B, same, bootstrap analysis (preferred phylogeny, conservative view). Numbers refer to bootstrap frequencies.
Figure 4. A in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 4. A, Ctenodactylus gundi (Rothmann, 1776), young individual, Coll. Sicard, 1901, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN-437, from Tunisia, A1, left lower dp4 to m3, A2, left upper DP4 to incompletely erupted M3; B, Ctenodactylus vali (Thomas, 1902), young individual, Coll. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN-666, from Beni Abès, Marhounna, B1, left lower dp4 to m3, B2, left upper DP4 to incompletely erupted M3; C, Ctenodactylus gundi (Rothmann, 1776), young individual, Coll. Sicard, 1905, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN-439, from Tunisia, C1, left lower dp4 to m3, C2, left upper DP4 to M3. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 16. Ihroudia bohlini Jaeger, 1971 in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 16. Ihroudia bohlini Jaeger, 1971, from Jbel Ihroud, Morocco, Coll. Université Montpellier 2. A, I.O.73, left DP4, A1, occlusal view, A2, lingual view; B, I.O.109, left M1, B1, occlusal view, B2, lingual view, B3, labial view; C, I.O.128, left M2, C1, occlusal view, C2, labial view; D, I.O.143,left M3, D1, labial view, D2, oclusal view, D3, distal view, D4, radicular view; E, I.O.10, right dp4, E1, occlusal view, E2, labial view; F, I.O.44, right m1, F1, labial view, F2, occlusal view; G, I.O.50, right m2, G1, labial view, G2, occlusal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 6 in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 6. Occlusal views of: A, Massoutiera mzabi, Algeria, adult, Coll. Université Montpellier2. A, UM2- 311N; A1, left upper M1 to M3; A2, right lower m1 to m3; B, Felovia vae adult, Coll. Université Montpellier2. B, UM2-421N; B1, left DP4 to M3, B2, right dp4 to m3. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 3 in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 3. Ctenodactylus gundi (Rothmann, 1776), neonate, Coll. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, MNHN-CG2006-98. A, skull with decidual incisors, palatal view with left and right tooth rows, showing alveoli of DP4 and buds of M1–M2; B, drawings of right M1–M2, B1, occlusal view, B2, oblique–lingual view; C1, fragmentary right lower jaw, with m1 and m2 buds, occlusal view, C2, fragmentary left lower jaw, with alveolus of DP4, m1 and m2 buds. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 5 in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 5. Occlusal views of: Ctenodactylus gundi (Rothmann, 1776), adults, Coll. Université Montpellier2. A, UM2-531N, domestic, from a Moroccan strain, A1, right lower row with p4 alveolus, and m1 to m3, A2, left upper row with P4 alveolus, and M1 to M3; B, UM2-310N, from Algeria, B1, right m1 to m3, B2, left M1 to M3. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 1. Dental terminology. A in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 1. Dental terminology. A: Lower molars: Acd, anterior cingulid; Ad, anteroconid; Md, metaconid; PaMd, posterior arm of metaconid; Prd, protoconid; Etd, entoconid; Hyd, hypoconid; AaEd, anterior arm of entoconid; AaHp, anterior arm of hypoconid; Enld, entolophid = hypolophid; Hud, hypoconulid; MI, metalophulid I; MII, metalophulid II; Ecd, ectolophid; Mcd, mesoconid; Msld, mesolophid; Msd, mesostylid; MSSD, mesosynclinid; PSD, posterosynclinid; TB, trigonoid basin. B: Upper molars: Ac, anterocone; Al, anteroloph; anterior arm of hypocone; Psy, parastyle; Pa, paracone; PaP, posterior arm of protocone; AS, anterosyncline (= paraflexus); Pr, protocone; Prl, protoloph; En, endoloph; Me, metacone; Mel, metaloph; Cr, crochet; Acr, anticrochet; Mss, mesosyncline (= mesoflexus); Hy, hypocone; PaP, posterior arm of protocone; AaH, anterior arm of hypocone; Ps, posterosyncline; Psl, posteroloph; Ptc, posterocone.
Figure 2 in A new Oligocene Ctenodactylinae (Rodentia: Mammalia) from Ulantatal (nei Mongol): new insight on the phylogenetic origins of the modern Ctenodactylidae
Figure 2. Helanshania deserta gen. et sp. nov. Ulantatal area (Inner Mongolia, China). ULAN-I and II (lower and beginning of upper Oligocene). A, UTL1-50, left m1–2, Ulantatal 1, HOLOTYPE; A1, occlusal view, A2, labial side, A3, lingual side. B, UTL1-51, left M1, Ulantatal 1; B1, occlusal view, B2, lingual side, B3, labial side; C, UTL4-71, left M3? Ulantatal 4; C1, occlusal view, C2, lingual side, C3, labial side; UTL4-70, right M2, Ulantatal 4; D1, occlusal view, D2, lingual side, D3, labial side. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Analyzed Benchmarks on Experiments for a Complications for Computational Experiments from Modern Processors
<p>For details see: </p> <p>Johannes K. Fichte, Markus Hecher, Ciaran McCreesh, Anas Shahab: Complications for Computational Experiments from Modern Processors, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming (CP'2021).</p> <p>For the benchmark set, we refer to https://www.cs.uni-potsdam.de/wv/projects/sets/set-industrial-09-12.tar.xz or https://www.cs.uni-potsdam.de/wv/projects/sets. The instances are also available on Zenodo at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3989071</p> <p>The tested solver is available at: https://github.com/arminbiere/cadical </p>
Replication Kit: "Are Unit and Integration Test Definitions Still Valid for Modern Java Projects? An Empirical Study on Open-Source Projects"
<p><strong>Replication Kit for the Paper "Are Unit and Integration Test Definitions Still Valid for Modern Java Projects? An Empirical Study on Open-Source Projects"</strong><br> This additional material shall provide other researchers with the ability to replicate our results. Furthermore, we want to facilitate further insights that might be generated based on our data sets.</p> <p><strong>Structure</strong><br> The structure of the replication kit is as follows:</p> <ul> <li><strong>additional_visualizations</strong>: contains additional visualizations (Venn-Diagrams) for each projects for each of the data sets that we used</li> <li><strong>data_analysis</strong>: contains python scripts that we used to analyze our raw data</li> <li><strong>data_collection_tools</strong>: contains all source code used for the data collection, including the used versions of the <a href="https://github.com/comfort-framework">COMFORT framework</a>, the <a href="https://github.com/ftrautsch/BugFixClassifier">BugFixClassifier</a>, and the used tools of the <a href="https://github.com/smartshark">SmartSHARK environment</a>;</li> <li><strong>mongodb_no_authors</strong>: Archived dump of our MongoDB that we created by executing our data collection tools. The "comfort" database can be restored via the mongorestore command.</li> </ul> <p><br> <strong>Additional Visualizations</strong><br> We provide two additional visualizations for each project:<br> 1) <project_name>\_disj\_ieee\_venn (visualizations for the DISJ data set)<br> 2) <project_name>\_all\_ieee\_venn (visualizations for the ALL data set)</p> <p>For each of these data sets there exist one visualization for each project that shows four Venn-Diagrams for each of the different defect types. These Venn-Diagrams show the number of defects that were detected by either unit, or integration tests (or both).</p> <p>Furthermore, we added boxplots for each of the data sets (i.e., ALL and DISJ) showing the scores of unit and integration tests for each defect type.</p> <p><br> <strong>Analysis scripts</strong><br> Requirements:<br> - python3.5<br> - tabulate<br> - scipy<br> - seaborn<br> - mongoengine<br> - pycoshark<br> - pandas<br> - matplotlib</p> <p>Both python files contain all code for the statistical analysis we performed.</p> <p><strong>Data Collection Tools</strong><br> We provide all data collection tools that we have implemented and used throughout our paper:</p> <ul> <li><strong>BugFixClassifier</strong>: Used to classify our defects.</li> <li><strong>comfort-core</strong>: Core of the comfort framework. Used to classify our tests into unit and integration tests and calculate different metrics for these tests.</li> <li><strong>comfort-jacoco-listner</strong>: Used to intercept the coverage collection process as we were executing the tests of our case study projects.</li> <li><strong>jSHARK</strong>: Library that contains models for the used ORM mapper that is used inside the SmartSHARK environment (for Java).<strong> </strong></li> <li><strong>pycoSHARK</strong>: Library that contains models for the used ORM mapper that is used inside the SmartSHARK environment (for Python).</li> <li><strong>tools-changedistiller</strong>: Version of ChangeDistiller that we used within our comfort-core framework.</li> <li><strong>vcsSHARK</strong>: Used to collect data from the VCSs of the projects.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.