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publicFeb 2024View details →

Data from: The Fezouata Shale Formation biota is typical for the high latitudes of the early Ordovician – a quantitative approach

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publicOct 2024View details →

Data from: Heterogeneous palaeo-ecogeography of brachiopods during the Late Ordovician mass extinction in South China

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publicSep 2019View details →

Data from: Early Silurian recovery of Baltica crinoids following the end-Ordovician extinctions (Llandovery, Estonia)

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publicNov 2024View details →

Data for: Is there synchronicity between brachiopod diversity changes and palaeobiogeographical shifts across the Late Ordovician mass extinction?

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opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

A Hirnantian holdover from the late Ordovician mass extinction: phylogeny and biogeography of a new Anthracocrinid crinoid from Estonia

Relatively few Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) crinoids are known, and none have been previously described from the palaeocontinent of Baltica. This has impaired our ability to understand patterns of extinction and biogeographic dispersal surrounding the Late Ordovician mass extinction, which triggered a major turnover in crinoid faunas. Here, we describe Tallinnicrinus toomae gen. et sp. nov., an anthracocrinid diplobathrid from the Hirnantian of northern Estonia. Tallinnicrinus is the youngest member of the Anthracocrinidae and the first representative of the family to occur in Baltica. Morphologically, Tallinnicrinus is unusual in that the radial and basal plates are in a single circlet of ten plates, similar to the anthracocrinid Rheocrinus Haugh, 1979 from the Katian of Laurentia. Phylogenetic analysis further confirms a close relationship between Tallinnicrinus and Laurentian anthracocrinids, suggesting biogeographic dispersal of the lineage from Laurentia to Baltica during the late Katian or early Hirnantian. The occurrence of this new taxon establishes that the family Anthracocrinidae survived the first pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction. However, the lineage remained a "dead clade walking" as it failed to diversify in the wake of the end-Katian extinction and ultimately went extinct itself by the end of the Ordovician.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Late Ordovician brachiopods from east-central Alaska, northwestern margin of Laurentia

A Late Ordovician brachiopod fauna from the Black River quadrangle (D-1 1:63,360 scale) of east-central Alaska comprises taxa typical of the Late Ordovician brachiopod fauna in the pericratonic epeiric seas of Laurentia, including Hesperorthis pyramidalis, Plaesiomys occidentalis, Eoplectodonta sp., Holtehdalina sp., Leptaena sp., Brevilamnulella minuta n. sp., Tcherskidium tenuicostatum n. sp., Rhynchotrema iowense, and Whitfieldella sp. The presence of Plaesiomys occidentalis and Tcherskidium tenuicostata n. sp. indicates a latest Katian age by correlation with similar species in the Mackenzie Mountains, southern Manitoba, Anticosti Island, the American mid-continent, Kolyma, and Siberia. Cluster analysis based on 20 well-studied late Katian brachiopod faunas from various regions within Laurentia and elsewhere in other tectonic plates suggests that the small brachiopod faunule from Alaska has the strongest paleobiogeographic affinity with Laurentia, confirming that the Black River quadrangle of Alaska was part of Laurentia during the Late Ordovician.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Phylogeny and morphologic evolution of the Ordovician Camerata (Class Crinoidea, Phylum Echinodermata)

The subclass Camerata (Crinoidea, Echinodermata) is a major group of Paleozoic crinoids that represents an early divergence in the evolutionary history and morphologic diversification of class Crinoidea, yet phylogenetic relationships among early camerates remain unresolved. This study conducted a series of quantitative phylogenetic analyses using parsimony methods to infer relationships of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera (52 taxa), establish the branching sequence of early camerates, and test the monophyly of traditionally recognized higher taxa, including orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida. The first phylogenetic analysis identified a suitable outroup for rooting the Ordovician camerate tree and assessed affinities of the atypical dicyclic family Reteocrinidae. The second analysis inferred the phylogeny of all well-preserved Ordovician camerate genera. Inferred phylogenies confirm: (1) the Tremadocian genera Cnemecrinus and Eknomocrinus are sister to the Camerata; (2) as historically defined, orders Monobathrida and Diplobathrida do not represent monophyletic groups; (3) with minimal revision, Monobathrida and Diplobathrida can be re-diagnosed to represent monophyletic clades; (4) family Reteocrinidae is more closely related to camerates than to other crinoid groups currently recognized at the subclass level; and (5) several genera in subclass Camerata represent stem taxa that cannot be classified as either true monobathrids or true diplobathrids. The clade containing Monobathrida and Diplobathrida, as recognized herein, is termed Eucamerata to distinguish its constituent taxa from more basally positioned taxa, termed stem eucamerates. The results of this study provide a phylogenetic framework for revising camerate classification, elucidating patterns of morphologic evolution, and informing outgroup selection for future phylogenetic analyses of post-Ordovician camerates.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Katian (Late Ordovician) trilobites of the North Qilian Mountains and their palaeogeographical implications for the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Ocean (PTAO)

Trilobites from the middle Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) of the North Qilian Mountains, Menyuan, northeastern Qinghai Province are systematically documented for the first time. The fauna consists of five families, seven genera and seven species, amongst which one is new (Remopleurides zhangi sp. nov.), showing a close relationship to those of the Kazakh terranes (such as Chu-Ili terrane, Chingiz-Tarbagatai area and KNNTS (Karatau-Naryn and North-Tien Shan Microcontinents)), North China and Laurentia palaeoplates during the Katian (Late Ordovician). The cluster and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analyses of the Middle–Late Ordovician (late Darriwilian–Katian) trilobite faunas with 299 genera or subgenera from 46 horizons of 37 areas, provide valuable information for the palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Ocean (PTAO) of this interval. The Qilian terrane and adjacent areas are essential components of the PTAO, some of which include the Qilian terrane (QT), the North Qilian Mountains area (NQ), the Altun faulted terrane (AFT), the Hexi Corridor area (HX) and the East Qinling terrane (EQT). Their relative positions within the PTAO are inferred by the palaeobiogeography of trilobite faunas. Based on further discussions on the spatiotemporal distribution of those faunas, the Pliomerina and/or Sinocybele Province of the Middle–Late Ordovician (late Darriwilian–Katian) age is defined as a trilobite faunal province of the PTAO. Moreover, a distinct faunal subprovince, essentially comprised of the South China Palaeoplate and its neighbours (e.g. Tarim, Annamia, Sibuma, East Qinling, Turkestan-Alai and probably Talesh), might be surrounded by the equatorial cold-water tongue.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2003View details →

Fig. 2 in Early Ordovician Conodonts from Far Western New South Wales, Australia

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections through the Lower

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

Data from: Latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) brachiopod faunal lists used for non-matric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and network analyses

A total of 107 brachiopod genera of Hirnantian age among 42 localities worldwide are compiled into a binary dataset (Table S1; presence =1, absence = 0). The majority of the faunal lists was derived from the well-screened Hirnantian brachiopod faunal data of Rong et al. (2020). In this study, the Hirnantian faunal lists are updated for the following localities: Anticosti Island, eastern Canada; Edgewood region, American Mid-Continent; Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada. Detailed discussions on these faunal update and references are provided in the main paper (section on Paleobiogeography of the Mackenzie Mountains Hirnantian fauna).

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Data from: Late Ordovician and Early Silurian virgianid and stricklandioid brachiopods from North Greenland: Implications for a warm-water faunal province

An unusually rich and diverse suite of virgianid brachiopods, hitherto poorly known, are systematically described here for the first time from the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval (late Katian–Aeronian) of North Greenland. The Late Ordovician virgianids comprise typical taxa of the warm-water Tcherskidium fauna (e.g. Tcherskidium tenuicostatum, Proconchidium schleyi, Holorhynchus giganteus, and Deloprosopus dawesi sp. nov.). Among the early Silurian taxa, Virgiana hursti sp. nov. occurs as abundant shell beds, similar to other congeneric species in Laurentia, but has somewhat larger internal skeletal structures, albeit not as extravagantly developed as in the late Katian virgianids; Boraeloides balderi gen. et sp. nov. shows extreme thickening of shell wall and internal structures, approaching the extravagant calcification of Katian virgianids. The highly distinct mid-Aeronian stricklandioid brachiopod genus, Kulumbella, characterized by a shell with criss-cross (divaricate) ribbing, also occurs in North Greenland, represented by K. heimdalli sp. nov., which has the largest and most strongly biconvex shells for the genus. Palaeogeographically, the Late Ordovician virgianid fauna of Laurentia was highly distinct, confined to the low–mid tropical latitudes north of the palaeoequator. In comparison, the early Silurian (Rhuddanian) Virgiana and some related taxa in Laurentia spanned the tropics of both hemispheres, forming extensive shell beds in carbonate basins, although Borealis and Borealoides gen. nov. remained confined largely to the northern hemisphere, suggesting a certain level of provincialism extending into the earliest Silurian. The unusual abundance and richness of the virgianid faunas in North Greenland is likely explained by a palaeoecological preference for warm-water carbonate settings.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian) Archaeospicularia and Entactinaria (radiolarians) from the Table Cove Formation, Piccadilly Quarry, western Newfoundland, Canada

New, distinctive, well preserved and previously undescribed constituents of a Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian, Dw2) radiolarian assemblage from the Table Cove Formation in Newfoundland are described. Three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) facilitates detailed examination of key specimens revealing hitherto unknown details of the internal morphologies of key lower Paleozoic taxonomic groups amongst which a lack of knowledge has previously impeded resolution of higher taxonomic rankings. Twenty-seven archaeospiculid and entactinarian taxa are described and illustrated including six new species: Westernbrookia polygonata n. sp., Neopalaeospiculum piccadilliensis n. sp., Ramuspiculum laxum n. sp. Spongentactinianazarovi n. sp., Aspiculum irregulare n. sp., Nyfrieslandia ramosissima n. sp., The investigation extends the known ranges of the species: Pararcheoentactinia reedae Won and Iams 2002, Sphaeroentactinia robusta Won, 2015, Varispiculum ectospiculatum Won 2015, and Svalbardospiculum multifurcatum (Won, Iams and Reed) 2005, together with the genus Echidnina to the mid-Darriwilian.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Fig. 30 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 30. Conch expansion rates in species of the Lituitidae Phillips, 1848.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Text-fig. 5. Ichnofabric and tiering models for the Loděnice – vinice locality. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 5. Ichnofabric and tiering models for the Loděnice – vinice locality.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Text-fig. 2. Schematic map of the Prague Basin with position of the Loděnice – vinice locality. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 2. Schematic map of the Prague Basin with position of the Loděnice – vinice locality.

opencc-by-4.0May 2016View details →

Fig. 9 in A Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) bivalve-dominated molluscan fauna from the Stairway Sandstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia

Fig. 9. Diversity of entire shelly fauna in the Areyonga Gorge and Petermann Creek sections.