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Fig. 10 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 10. Response of L. destructor to continentality.

Fig. 6 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 6. Response of Gl. domesticus to PETcoldQ.

Fig. 8 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 8. Response of L. destructor to aridityIndexThornthwaite.

Fig. 7 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 7. Response of A. siro to aridityIndexThornthwaite.

Fig. 5 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 5. Response of L. destructor to PETcoldQ.

Fig. 4 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 4. Response of A. siro to PETcoldQ.

Fig. 3 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 3. Average monthly relative humidity.

Fig. 2 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 2. Average monthly precipitation.

Fig.1 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig.1. Average monthly temperature.

Fig. 9 in Modelling The Bioclimatic Niche Of A Cohort Of Selected Mite Species (Acari, Acariformes) Associated With The Infestation Of Stored Products

Fig. 9. Response of Gl. domesticus to aridityIndexThornthwaite.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Three New Unusual Beetle-Associated Species Of The Genus Gaeolaelaps (Acari, Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) From Ukraine

Fig. 2. Gaeolaelaps heteroceri Trach, sp. n., ♀: 1–4 — legs I–IV, respectively.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Bacteriophage genomes that potentially infect PDAC-associated species

58 bacteriophage genomes that were predicted to infect PDAC-associated species.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species

Premise: The balance between cross- and self-fertilization is driven by the environment. Yet no long-term study has documented whether anthropogenic climate change is affecting reproductive strategy allocation in species with mixed mating systems. Here, we test whether the common blue violet (Viola sororia; Violaceae) has altered relative allocation to the production of potentially outcrossing flowers as the climate has changed across the 20th century. Methods: Using herbarium records spanning 1875 to 2015 from the central United States, we quantified production of obligately selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers and potentially outcrossing chasmogamous (CH) flowers by V. sororia, coupled these records with historic temperature and precipitation data, and tested whether changes to the proportion of CL flowers correlate with temporal climate trends. Results: We find that V. sororia progressively produced lower proportions of CL flowers across the past century and in environments with lower mean annual temperature and higher total annual precipitation. We also find that both CL and CH flower phenology has advanced across this time period. Conclusions: Our results suggest that V. sororia has responded to lower temperatures and greater water availability by shifting reproductive strategy allocation away from selfing and toward potential outcrossing. This provides the first long term study of how climate change may affect relative allocation to potential outcrossing in species with mixed mating systems. By revealing that CL flowering is associated with low water availability and high temperature, our results suggest the production of obligately selfing flowers is favored in water limited environments.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Random forest modelling of multi-scale, multi-species habitat associations within KAZA transfrontier conservation area using spoor data

As landscape-scale conservation models grow in prominence, assessments of how wildlife utilise multiple-use landscapes are required to inform effective conservation and management planning. Such efforts should strive to incorporate multi-species perspectives to maximise value for conservation, and should account for scale to accurately capture species-environment relationships. We show that the random forest machine learning algorithm can be used to model large-scale sign-based data in a multi-scale framework. We used this method to investigate scale-dependent habitat associations for 16 mammal species of high conservation importance across the southern Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area in Botswana and Zimbabwe. Our findings revealed substantial variation in the factors shaping habitat use across species, and illustrate that different species often have divergent responses to the same environmental and anthropogenic factors, and differ in the scales at which they respond to them. For all variables across all species, scale optimisation most often selected our largest scale. Precipitation, soil nutrients, and vegetation appeared to be the most important factors determining mammal distributions, likely through their associations with food resources for herbivores and, in turn, prey availability for carnivores. Anthropogenic pressures also had an important influence on habitat use, with many species selecting against areas with high cattle density. The variety of relationships with human density indicated that species vary in their tolerance of humans. We found a consistent positive relationship with areas under high protection, and negative relationship with unprotected and less-strictly protected areas. Policy implications: This study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-scale, multi-species approach for critical decision-making processes that depend on understanding wildlife distributions and habitat associations, such as protected area, corridor, and buffer zone prioritisation. We use our findings to identify changing rainfall patterns and increasing livestock numbers as two emerging trends that may impact wildlife distributions, both within sub-Saharan Africa and on a global scale.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Associated data for: Disease and weather induce rapid shifts in a rangeland ecosystem mediated by a keystone species (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Habitat loss and changing climate have direct impacts on native species but can also interact with disease pathogens to influence wildlife communities. In the North American Great Plains, black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a keystone species that create important grassland habitat for numerous species and serve as prey for predators, but lethal control driven by agricultural conflict has severely reduced their abundance. Novel disease dynamics caused by epizootic plague (Yersinia pestis) within prairie dog colonies have further reduced prairie dog abundances, in turn destabilizing associated wildlife communities. We capitalized on a natural experiment — collecting data on prairie dog distributions, vegetation structure, avian abundance, and mesocarnivore and ungulate occupancy before (2015–2017) and after (2018–2019) a plague event in northeastern Wyoming, USA. Plague decimated black-tailed prairie dog populations in what was then the largest extant colony complex, reducing colony cover in the focal area from over 10,000 ha to less than 50 ha. We documented dramatic declines in mesocarnivore occupancy and raptor abundance post-plague, with probability of occupancy or abundance approaching zero in species that rely on prairie dogs for a high proportion of their diet (e.g., ferruginous hawk [Buteo regalis], American badger [Taxidea taxus], and swift fox [Vulpes velox]). Following the plague outbreak, abnormally high precipitation in 2018 hastened vegetation recovery from prairie dog disturbance on colonies where constant herbivory had formerly maintained shortgrass structure necessary for certain colony-associates. As a result, we observed large shifts in avian communities on former prairie dog colonies, including near-disappearance of mountain plovers (Charadrius montanus) and increases in mid-grass associated songbirds (e.g., lark bunting [Calamospiza melanocorys]). Our research highlights how precipitation can interact with disease-induced loss of a keystone species to induce drastic and rapid shifts in wildlife communities. Although grassland taxa co-evolved with high spatiotemporal variation, fragmentation of remaining North American rangelands paired with higher-than-historical variability in climate and disease dynamics are likely to destabilize these systems in the future.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Urban environments have species-specific associations with invasive insect herbivores

Urban areas are expanding rapidly, with the majority of the global and US population inhabiting them. Urban forests are critically important for providing ecosystem services to the growing urban populace, but their health is threatened by invasive insects. Insect density and damage are highly variable in different sites across urban landscapes, such that trees in some sites experience outbreaks and are severely damaged while others are relatively unaffected. To protect urban forests against damage from invasive insects and support future delivery of ecosystem services, we must first understand the factors that affect insect density and damage to their hosts across urban landscapes. This study explores how a variety of environmental factors that vary across urban habitats influence density of invasive insects. Specifically, we evaluate how vegetational complexity, distance to buildings, impervious surface, canopy temperature, host availability, and density of co-occurring herbivores impact three invasive pests of elm trees: the elm leaf beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola), the elm flea weevil (Orchestes steppensis), and the elm leafminer (Fenusa ulmi). Except for building distance, all environmental factors were associated with density of at least one pest species. Furthermore, insect responses to these factors were species-specific, with direction and strength of associations influenced by insect life history. These findings can be used to inform future urban pest management and tree care efforts, making urban forests more resilient in an era where globalization and climate change make them particularly vulnerable to attack. Keywords: urban forest, invasive species, impervious surface, temperature, species interactions.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Provisioning latency increases closer to roads and is associated with species-specific reproductive success in two urban adapters

Most research on urban avian ecology has focused on population- and community-level phenomena, whereas fewer studies have examined how urbanization affects individual behavioral responses to a sudden and novel stimulus, and how those translate to fitness. We measured between-individual variation in provisioning latency in two urban adapters - great tits and blue tits - in response to an infrared camera installed in the nestbox, encountered when offspring in the nest were at the peak of food demand (9–10-days old). For each nestbox, we quantified urbanization as intensity in human activity, distance to road and proportion of impervious surface area. In both species, provisioning latency increased significantly closer to roads. Moreover, increased provisioning latency when exposed to a novel object was associated with higher reproductive success in great tits whose nestboxes were surrounded by high amounts of impervious surface. In contrast, increased provisioning latency was consistently associated with lower reproductive success in blue tits. Our results suggest that provisioning latency changes in relation to the environment surrounding the nest, and may be context- and species-specific when exposed to a novel stimulus, such as a novel object in the nest. To better understand the role of initial behavioral responses towards novelty across an individual's lifetime and, ultimately, its impact on fitness in the urban mosaic, further research explicitly testing different behavioral responses across the entire breeding cycle in wild model systems is needed.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Data from: Comparative host-pathogen associations of Snake Fungal Disease in sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia)

The ascomycete fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola (Oo) is the causative agent of ophidiomycosis (Snake Fungal Disease), which has been detected globally. However, surveillance efforts in the central U.S., specifically Texas, have been minimal. The threatened and rare Brazos water snake (Nerodia harteri harteri) is one of the most range restricted snakes in the U.S. and is sympatric with two wide-ranging congeners, N. erythrogaster transversa and N. rhombifer, in north central Texas; thus, providing an opportunity to test comparative host-pathogen associations in this system. To accomplish this, we surveyed a portion of the Brazos river drainage (~400 river km) over 29 months and tested 150 Nerodia individuals for the presence of Oo via quantitative PCR and recorded any potential signs of Oo infection. We found Oo was distributed across the entire range of N. h. harteri, Oo prevalence was 46% overall, and there was a significant association between Oo occurrence and signs of infection in our sample. Models indicated adults had a higher probability of Oo infection than juveniles and subadults, and adult N. h. harteri had a higher probability of infection than adult N. rhombifer but not higher than adult N. e. transversa. High Oo prevalence estimates (94.4%) in adult N. h. harteri has implications for their conservation and management owing to their patchy distribution, comparatively low genetic diversity, and threats from anthropogenic habitat modification.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. bugandensis species, ST599) strain associated with a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) (genome assembly and annotation dataset)

This dataset includes the assembled contigs (.fasta and .gbk files), the nucleotide sequences of the prediction transcripts (.ffn files) and the respective amino acid sequences of the translated CDS sequences (.faa files) of a Enterobacter cloacae complex (E. bugandensis species, ST599) strain associated with a catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) (genome anotation was performed using Prokka v1.14.5; https://github.com/tseemann/prokka) The raw sequence reads were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) (BioProject PRJEB45360; Run Accession: ERR10044433).