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25,372 results for “Transcriptomics”
Data from: The sugarcane mitochondrial genome: assembly, phylogenetics and transcriptomics
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Chloroplast genomes provide insufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish between closely related sugarcane cultivars, due to the recent origin of many cultivars and the conserved sequence of the chloroplast. In comparison, the mitochondrial genome of plants is much larger and more plastic and could contain increased phylogenetic signals. We assembled a consensus reference mitochondrion with Illumina TruSeq synthetic long reads and ONT MinION long reads. Based on this assembly we also analyzed the mitochondrial transcriptomes of sugarcane and sorghum and improved the annotation of the sugarcane mitochondrion as compared with other species.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Mitochondrial genomes were assembled from genomic read pools using a bait and assemble methodology. The mitogenome was exhaustively annotated using BLAST and transcript datasets were mapped with HISAT2 prior to analysis with the Integrated Genome Viewer.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The sugarcane mitochondrion is comprised of two independent chromosomes, for which there is no evidence of recombination. Based on the reference assembly from the sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 the mitogenomes of four additional cultivars (R570, LCP85-384, RB72343 and SP70-1143) were assembled (with the SP70-1143 assembly utilizing both genomic and transcriptomic data and the R570 data based on MinION assembly). We demonstrate that the sugarcane plastome is completely transcribed and we assembled the chloroplast genome of SP80-3280 using transcriptomic data only. Phylogenomic analysis using mitogenomes allow closely related sugarcane cultivars to be distinguished and supports the discrimination between <em>Saccharum officinarum</em> and <em>Saccharum cultum</em> as modern sugarcane's female parent. From whole chloroplast comparisons, we demonstrate that modern sugarcane arose from a limited number of S. cultum female founders. Transcriptomic and spliceosomal analyses reveal that the two chromosomes of the sugarcane mitochondrion are combined at the transcript level and that splice sites occur more frequently within gene coding regions than without. We reveal one confirmed and one potential cytoplasmic male sterility factor in the sugarcane mitochondrion, both of which are transcribed</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Transcript processing in the sugarcane mitochondrion is highly complex with diverse splice events, the majority of which span the two chromosomes. PolyA baited transcripts are consistent with the use of polyadenylation for transcript degradation. For the first time we annotate two cytoplasmic male sterility factors within the sugarcane mitochondrion and demonstrate that sugarcane possesses all the molecular machinery required for cytoplasmic male sterility and rescue. A mechanism of cross-chromosomal splicing based on guide RNAs is proposed. We also demonstrate that mitogenomes can be used to perform phylogenomic studies on sugarcane cultivars.</p>
High temperature induces transcriptomic changes in Crassostrea gigas that hinder progress of ostreid herpes virus (OsHV-1) and promote survival
<p>Of all environmental factors, seawater temperature plays a decisive role in triggering marine diseases. Like fever in vertebrates, high seawater temperature could modulate the host response to pathogens in ectothermic animals. In France, massive mortality of Pacific oysters, <em>Crassostrea gigas</em>, caused by the ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is markedly reduced when temperatures exceed 24°C in the field. In the present study we assess how high temperature influences the host response to the pathogen by comparing transcriptomes (RNA sequencing) during the course of experimental infection at 21°C (reference) and 29°C. We show that high temperature induced host physiological processes that are unfavorable to the viral infection. Temperature influenced the expression of transcripts related to the immune process and increased the transcription of genes related to the apoptotic process, synaptic signaling and protein processes at 29°C. Concomitantly, the expression of genes associated with catabolism, metabolite transport, macromolecule synthesis and cell growth remained low from the first stage of infection at 29°C. Moreover, viral entry into the host might have been limited at 29°C by changes in extracellular matrix composition and protein abundance. Overall, these results provide new insights into how environmental factors modulate host–pathogen interactions.</p>
Single cell transcriptomics of of Abedinium reveals a new early-branching dinoflagellate lineage
<p>Dinoflagellates possess many unique cellular characteristics with unresolved evolutionary histories including nuclei with greatly expanded genomes and chromatin packaged using histone-like proteins and dinoflagellate-viral nucleoproteins instead of histones, highly reduced mitochondrial genomes with extensive RNA editing, a mix of photosynthetic and cryptic secondary plastids, and tertiary plastids. Resolving the evolutionary origin of these traits requires understanding their ancestral states and early intermediates. Several deep-branching dinoflagellate lineages are good candidates for such reconstruction, however they tend to be delicate and environmentally sparse, so such analyses are not always simple. Here, we employ transcriptome sequencing from manually-isolated and microscopically documented cells to resolve the placement of two cells of one such genus, <i>Abedinium</i>,<i> </i>collected by ROV in deep waters off the coast of Monterey Bay. One cell corresponds to the only described species, <i>A. dasypus</i>, while the second cell is distinct and formally described as<i> Abedinium folium, </i>sp. nov. <i>Abedinium</i> has classically been assigned to the deep-branching dinoflagellates subgroup Noctilucea, which is weakly supported by phylogenetic analyses of the single characterized gene from any member of the genus, small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA). However, a phylogenetic analysis based on 221 proteins from the transcriptome places <i>Abedinium </i>in a distinct lineage, separate from and basal to the Noctilucea and the rest of the core dinoflagellates. The transcriptome also contains evidence of a cryptic plastid functioning in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, iron-sulfur clusters, and heme, a mitochondrial genome with all three expected protein-coding genes (<i>cob</i>, <i>cox1</i>, and cox3), and the presence of some but not all dinoflagellate-specific chromatin packaging proteins.</p>
Transcriptome analysis of WT versus H2A.J-KO MEFs for the paper entitled: The H2A.J histone variant contributes to Interferon-Stimulated Gene expression in senescence by its weak interaction with H1 and the derepression of repeated DNA sequences
<p>Abstract for overall study:</p> <p>The histone variant H2A.J was previously shown to accumulate in senescent human fibroblasts with persistent DNA damage to promote inflammatory gene expression, but its mechanism of action was unknown. We show that H2A.J accumulation contributes to weakening the association of histone H1 to chromatin and increasing its turnover. Decreased H1 in senescence is correlated with increased expression of some repeated DNA sequences, increased expression of STAT/IRF transcription factors, and transcriptional activation of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISGs). The H2A.J-specific Val-11 moderates the transcriptional activity of H2A.J, and H2A.J-specific Ser-123 can be phosphorylated in response to DNA damage with potentiation of its transcriptional activity by the phospho-mimetic S123E mutation. Our work demonstrates the functional importance of H2A.J-specific residues and potential mechanisms for its function in promoting inflammatory gene expression in senescence.</p> <p>Specific description for this dataset:</p> <p>We further tested a role for H2A.J in Interferon-Stimulated Gene expression by analyzing the transcriptome of WT and H2A.J MEFs induced into senescence by etoposide. TruSeq stranded DNA libraries were prepared from polyA-selected RNA and sequenced as 43 bp paired-end reads. The fastq sequences were mapped to Gencode.vM24.transcripts.fa.gz (GRCm38 transcriptome) with salmon. Read counts were then aggregated to the gene level with tximeta, and differential gene expression was analysed with DESeq2, edgeR, and limma-voom. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed with camera.</p> <p>The transciptomes of senescent WT and H2AFJ-KO showed strong separation from proliferating MEFs, and a weaker separation distinguished WT and H2A.J-KO MEFs. Strikingly, gene set enrichment analysis indicated highly significant defects in Interferon Response Gene Expression in the H2A.J-KO MEFs in senescence with significant down-regulation in senescent H2A.J-KO cells of a series of oligoadenylate synthase genes (Oas1g, Oas1a, Oasl1, Oas2, Oasl2) and several ISGs. Thus, H2A.J also contributes to ISG expression in the heterologous context of senescent MEFs.</p>
NFAT transcriptome in T-ALL
<p><span>T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy with few available targeted therapies. We previously reported that the phosphatase calcineurin (Cn) is required for LIC (leukemia Initiating Capacity) potential of T-ALL pointing to Cn as an interesting therapeutic target. Calcineurin inhibitors have however unwanted side effects. NFAT transcription factors play crucial roles downstream of calcineurin during thymocyte development, T cell differentiation, activation and energy. Here we elucidate NFAT functional relevance in T-ALL. Using murine T-ALL models in which <i>Nfat </i>genes can be inactivated either singly or in combination, we show that NFATs are required for T-ALL LIC potential and essential to survival, proliferation and migration of T-ALL cells. We also demonstrate that <i>Nfat </i>genes<i> </i>are functionally redundant in T-ALL and identified a node of genes commonly deregulated upon Cn or NFAT inactivation, which may serve as future candidate targets for T-ALL. </span></p>
Transcriptome-wide comparisons and virulence gene polymorphisms of host-associated genotypes of the cnidarian parasite Ceratonova shasta in salmonids
<p><i>Ceratonova shasta</i> is an important myxozoan pathogen affecting the health of salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest of North America. <i>C. shasta</i> exists as a complex of host-specific genotypes, some with low to moderate virulence, and one that causes a profound, lethal infection in susceptible hosts. High throughput sequencing methods are powerful tools for discovering the genetic basis of these host/virulence differences, but deep sequencing of myxozoans has been challenging due to extremely fast molecular evolution of this group, yielding strongly divergent sequences that are difficult to identify, and unavoidable host contamination. We designed and optimized different bioinformatic pipelines to address these challenges. We obtained a unique set of comprehensive, host-free myxozoan RNA-seq data from <i>C. shasta </i>genotypes of varying virulence from different salmonid hosts. Analyses of transcriptome-wide genetic distances and maximum likelihood multigene phylogenies elucidated the evolutionary relationship between lineages and demonstrated the limited resolution of the established Internal Transcribed Spacer marker for <i>C. shasta</i> genotype identification, as this marker fails to differentiate between biologically distinct genotype II lineages from coho salmon and rainbow trout. We further analyzed the datasets based on polymorphisms in two gene groups related to virulence: cell migration and proteolytic enzymes including their inhibitors. The developed SNP-calling pipeline identified polymorphisms between genotypes and demonstrated that variations in both motility and protease genes were associated with different levels of virulence of <i>C. shasta</i> in its salmonid hosts. The prospective use of proteolytic enzymes as promising candidates for targeted interventions against myxozoans in aquaculture is discussed. We developed host-free transcriptomes of a myxozoan model organism from strains that exhibited different degrees of virulence, as a unique source of data that will foster functional gene analyses and serve as a base for the development of potential therapeutics for efficient control of these parasites.</p>
In vivo transcriptome of Lactobacillus acidophilus and colonization impact on murine host intestinal gene expression
<p><i>Lactobacillus acidophilus </i>NCFM is a probiotic strain commonly used in dairy products and dietary supplements. Post-genome <i>in vitro </i>studies of NCFM thus far have linked potential key genotypes to its probiotic-relevant attributes including gut survival, prebiotic utilization, host interactions and immunomodulatory activities. To corroborate and extend beyond previous <i>in vivo and</i> <i>in vitro </i>functional studies, we employed a dual RNA-seq transcriptomic approach to identify genes potentially driving the gut fitness and activities of <i>L. acidophilus </i>NCFM<i> in vivo</i>, and in parallel, examine the ileal transcriptional response of its murine hosts during monocolonization. Spatial expression profiling of NCFM from the ileum through the colon revealed a set of 134 core genes that were consistently overexpressed during gut transit. These <i>in vivo </i>core genes are predominantly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and nucleotides, along with mucus-binding proteins and adhesion factors, confirming their functionally important roles in nutrient acquisition and gut retention. Functional characterization of the highly expressed major S-layer encoding gene established its indispensable role as a cell shape determinant and maintenance of cell surface integrity, essential for viability and probiotic attributes. Host colonization by <i>L. acidophilus</i> resulted in significant down-regulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. Genes related to redox signaling, mucin glycosylation and circadian rhythm modulation were induced, suggesting impacts on intestinal development and immune functions. Metagenomic analysis of NCFM populations post-colonization demonstrated the genomic stability of <i>L. acidophilus </i>as a gut transient and further established its safety as a probiotic and biotherapeutic delivery platform.</p>
Changes in transcriptomic response to salinity stress induce the brackish water adaptation in a freshwater snail
<p>Studying mechanisms of the establishment of a population in a novel environment allows us to examine the process of local adaptations and subsequent range expansion. In a river system, detecting genetic or phenotypic differences between a freshwater and brackish water population could contribute to our understanding of the initial process of brackish water adaptations. Here, we investigated behavioral and gene expression responses to the saltwater in a freshwater and brackish water population of the freshwater snail, <i>Semisulcospira reiniana</i>. Although the brackish water individuals exhibited significantly higher activity in saltwater than freshwater individuals in the first week, the activity of freshwater individuals increased in subsequent weeks, suggesting that their salinity tolerance was plastic rather than genetic. We found 476 and 1,002 differentially expressed genes across salinity conditions in the freshwater and brackish water populations, respectively. The major biological process involved in the salinity response of the freshwater population was the biosynthesis and metabolic process of nitrogen containing compounds, but that of the brackish water population was influenced by the chitin metabolic process. These results suggest that phenotypic plasticity induces the brackish water adaptation in the freshwater snail by modifying salinity response in the physiological process.</p>
Summary statistics data for "Genetic variation and microRNA targeting of A-to-I RNA editing fine tune human tissue transcriptomes"
<p>edQTL and ASED summary statistics data for the manuscript titled "Genetic variation and microRNA targeting of A-to-I RNA editing fine tune human tissue transcriptomes"</p>
Data from: Demography and selection shape transcriptomic divergence in field crickets
Gene flow, demography, and selection can result in similar patterns of genomic variation and disentangling their effects is key to understanding speciation. Here, we assess transcriptomic variation to unravel the evolutionary history of Gryllus rubens and G. texensis, cryptic field cricket species with highly divergent mating behavior. We infer their demographic history and screen their transcriptomes for footprints of selection in the context of the inferred demography. We find strong support for a long history of bidirectional gene flow, which ceased during the late Pleistocene, and a bottleneck in G. rubens consistent with a peripatric origin of this species. Importantly, comparing the observed FST distribution with distributions from coalescent simulations under various demographic scenarios indicates that gene flow (without selection) strongly shaped patterns of genetic divergence. Genetic divergence at FST outlier loci could thus falsely be attributed to selection when not accounting for demographic history. We uncovered a subset of loci with signatures of selection, many of which are candidates for controlling variation in mating behavior. Our results underscore the importance of gene flow and demography in overall levels of genetic divergence and highlight that simultaneously examining demography and selection facilitates a more complete understanding of genetic divergence during speciation.
Data from: "De novo transcriptome assembly of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa using short RNA-seq reads" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 August 2014-30 September 2014
Drosophila (Drosophila) nigrosparsa is a habitat specialist restricted to the European montane/alpine zone (Bächli 2008). Mountain biodiversity is considered highly vulnerable to ongoing climate warming (IPCC 2013), and organisms at high altitudes have only limited possibility to shift to cooler habitats at elevations above (Pertoldi & Bach 2007). For such species, rapid evolution may offer a solution for long-term survival. We are establishing D. nigrosparsa as a model system to test the extent and tempo of adaptive evolution under thermal stress in the laboratory. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to assemble the species' transcriptome using the pooled mRNA from 22 developmental and physiological stages.
Data from: Plastic transcriptomes stabilize immunity to pathogen diversity: the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid networks within the Arabidopsis/Botrytis pathosystem
To respond to pathogen attack, selection and associated evolution has led to the creation of plant immune system that are a highly effective and inducible defense system. Central to this system are the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) and crosstalk between the two, which may play an important role in defense responses to specific pathogens or even genotypes. Here, we used the Arabidopsis-B. cinerea pathosystem to test how the host's defense system functions against genetic variation in a pathogen. We measured defense-related phenotypes and transcriptomic responses in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-0 and JA- and SA-signaling mutants, coi1-1 and npr1-1, individually challenged with 96 diverse B. cinerea isolates. Those data showed genetic variation in the pathogen influences on all components within the plant defense system at the transcriptional level. We identified four gene co-expression networks and two vectors of defense variation triggered by genetic variation in B. cinerea. This showed that the JA and SA signaling pathways functioned to constrain/canalize the range of virulence in the pathogen population, but the underlying transcriptomic response was highly plastic. These data showed that plants utilize major defense hormone pathways to buffer disease resistance, but not the metabolic or transcriptional responses to genetic variation within a pathogen.
Data from: Characterization of the transcriptome and gene expression of four different tissues in the ecologically relevant sea urchin Arbacia lixula using RNA-seq
The sea urchin Arbacia lixula is a keystone species in Mediterranean ecosystems that drive landscape changes in littoral communities. However, genomic information available for the whole order Arbacioida is very limited. Using RNA-seq techniques, we have characterized the transcriptome of four different tissue types in A. lixula: the 'somatic' tissues (coelomocytes and digestive tissue) and the 'reproductive' tissues (ovary and testis), from two replicated cDNA libraries for each sample. Additionally, we performed a de novo assembly to build the 'reference' transcriptome, pooling reads of the four tissues, to analyse the differential expression (DE) in pairwise comparisons between tissues. The complete de novo assembly yielded 186 084 transcripts, with a sequence size limit of 100 nt, being 31% of them spliced isoforms. Approximately 21% of the transcripts had blast hits against proteins of metazoans (E < 10−5), being less than 2.2% functionally annotated. Between coelomocytes and digestive, 30 794 transcripts showed DE (~11.8% of them with blast hit), and 19 567 transcripts did so between testis and ovary (~28.5% of them with blast hit). Major GO-term categories upregulated in somatic tissues were those related to muscle contraction and energy generation in digestive, and lipid metabolism associated with immune response in coelomocytes. Between reproductive tissues, the major upregulated GO categories were related to energy generation in testis, and negative regulation of nucleotide metabolism in ovary. We particularly screened for a collection of target genes in each tissue because of their relevance for further studies on evolution and adaptation of echinoids.
Data from: The plover neurotranscriptome assembly: transcriptomic analysis in an ecological model species without a reference genome
We assembled a de novo transcriptome of short-read Illumina RNA-Seq data generated from telencephalon and diencephalon tissue samples from the Kentish plover, Charadrius alexandrinus. This is a species of considerable interest in behavioural ecology for its highly variable mating system and parental behaviour, but it lacks genomic resources and is evolutionarily distant from the few available avian draft genome sequences. We assembled and identified over 21 000 transcript contigs with significant expression in our samples, showing high homology to exonic sequences in avian draft genomes. From these, we identified >31 000 high-quality SNPs and > 2500 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We also analysed expression patterns in our data to identify potential candidate genes related to differences in male and female behaviour, identifying over 200 nonoverlapping putative autosomal transcripts that show significant expression differences between males and females. Gene ontology analysis revealed that female-biased transcripts were significantly enriched for cerebral functions related to learning, cognition and memory, and male-biased transcripts were mostly enriched for terms related to neural function such as neuron projection and synapses. This data set provides one of the first de novo transcriptome assemblies from non-normalized short-read next-generation data and outlines an effective strategy for measuring sequence and expression variability simultaneously without the aid of a reference genome.
Data from: Sex-biased transcriptomic response of the reproductive axis to stress
Stress is a well-known cause of reproductive dysfunction in many species, including birds, rodents, and humans, though males and females may respond differently. A powerful way to investigate how stress affects re- production is by examining its effects on a biological system essential for regulating reproduction, the hy- pothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Often this is done by observing how a stressor affects the amount of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol or corticosterone, circulating in the blood and their relationship with a handful of known HPG-producing reproductive hormones, like testosterone and estradiol. Until now, we have lacked a full understanding of how stress affects all genomic activity of the HPG axis and how this might differ between the sexes. We leveraged a highly replicated and sex-balanced experimental approach to test how male and female rock doves (Columba livia) respond to stress at the level of their transcriptome. Females exhibit increased genomic responsiveness to stress at all levels of their HPG axis as compared to males, and these responsive genes are mostly unique to females. Reasons for this may be due to fluctuations in the female endocrine environment over the reproductive cycle and/or their evolutionary history, including parental investment and the potential for maternal effects. Direct links between genome to phenome cause and effect cannot be ascertained at this stage; however, the data we report provide a vital genomic foundation on which sex-specific reproductive dysfunction and adaptation in the face of stress can be further experimentally studied, as well as novel gene targets for genetic intervention and therapy investigations.
Data from: Characterizing the reproductive transcriptomic correlates of acute dehydration in males in the desert-adapted rodent, Peromyscus eremicus
Background: The understanding of genomic and physiological mechanisms related to how organisms living in extreme environments survive and reproduce is an outstanding question facing evolutionary and organismal biologists. One interesting example of adaptation is related to the survival of mammals in deserts, where extreme water limitation is common. Research on desert rodent adaptations has focused predominantly on adaptations related to surviving dehydration, while potential reproductive physiology adaptations for acute and chronic dehydration have been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore the reproductive consequences of acute dehydration by utilizing RNAseq data in the desert-specialized cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). Results: We exposed 22 male cactus mice to either acute dehydration or control (fully hydrated) treatment conditions, quasimapped testes-derived reads to a cactus mouse testes transcriptome, and then evaluated patterns of differential transcript and gene expression. Following statistical evaluation with multiple analytical pipelines, nine genes were consistently differentially expressed between the hydrated and dehydrated mice. We hypothesized that male cactus mice would exhibit minimal reproductive responses to dehydration; therefore, this low number of differentially expressed genes between treatments aligns with current perceptions of this species' extreme desert specialization. However, these differentially expressed genes include Insulin-like 3 (Insl3), a regulator of male fertility and testes descent, as well as the solute carriers Slc45a3 and Slc38a5, which are membrane transport proteins that may facilitate osmoregulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that in male cactus mice, acute dehydration may be linked to reproductive modulation via Insl3, but not through gene expression differences in the subset of other a priori tested reproductive hormones. Although water availability is a reproductive cue in desert-rodents exposed to chronic drought, potential reproductive modification via Insl3 in response to acute water-limitation is a result which is unexpected in an animal capable of surviving and successfully reproducing year-round without available external water sources. Indeed, this work highlights the critical need for integrative research that examines every facet of organismal adaptation, particularly in light of global climate change, which is predicted, amongst other things, to increase climate variability, thereby exposing desert animals more frequently to the acute drought conditions explored here.
Data from: "Characterization of two Iberian freshwater fish transcriptomes, Squalius carolitertii and Squalius torgalensis, living in distinct environmental conditions" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 April 2015 to 31 May 2015
The advance of NGS technologies opened exciting research avenues, as for example expanding the study of the mechanisms underlying adaptation from model organisms to natural systems. We used NGS technologies to sequence 12 RNA-seq libraries, and provide the first transcriptomes of two endemic Iberian Cyprinids. The species Squalius carolitertii and S. torgalensis inhabit different regions of Portugal with distinct climate types, Atlantic in the North and Mediterranean in the South, respectively. While northern regions present mild temperatures, in southern regions fish are often under harsh temperatures and droughts. Herein, we sequenced the transcriptome from three tissues (skeletal muscle, liver and fins) in an Illumina HiSeq2000 of fish exposed to different temperatures: 18ºC (control) and 30ºC (test). Around 200 million raw reads were generated for each species, with similar number of reads per library (approximately 30 million), rendering de novo assemblies with a total of 145975 and 137303 contigs, for S. carolitertii and S. torgalensis, respectively. Gene ontology showed that around 60% of the annotated genes belonged to four biological processes and approximately 75% to two molecular functions. Besides, this study provides, for the first time, the transcriptome characterization of two endemic fish from Iberian freshwater basins, S. carolitertii and S. torgalensis, and constitutes a valuable resource for understanding environmental adaptations of Iberian Cyprinids.
Data from: Phylogeographic differentiation versus transcriptomic adaptation to warm temperatures in Zostera marina, a globally important seagrass
Populations distributed across a broad thermal cline are instrumental in addressing adaptation to increasing temperatures under global warming. Using a space-for-time substitution design, we tested for parallel adaptation to warm temperatures along two independent thermal clines in Zostera marina, the most widely distributed seagrass in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. A North–South pair of populations was sampled along the European and North American coasts and exposed to a simulated heatwave in a common-garden mesocosm. Transcriptomic responses under control, heat stress and recovery were recorded in 99 RNAseq libraries with ~13 000 uniquely annotated, expressed genes. We corrected for phylogenetic differentiation among populations to discriminate neutral from adaptive differentiation. The two southern populations recovered faster from heat stress and showed parallel transcriptomic differentiation, as compared with northern populations. Among 2389 differentially expressed genes, 21 exceeded neutral expectations and were likely involved in parallel adaptation to warm temperatures. However, the strongest differentiation following phylogenetic correction was between the three Atlantic populations and the Mediterranean population with 128 of 4711 differentially expressed genes exceeding neutral expectations. Although adaptation to warm temperatures is expected to reduce sensitivity to heatwaves, the continued resistance of seagrass to further anthropogenic stresses may be impaired by heat-induced downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis, pathogen defence and stress tolerance.
Data from: Mining from transcriptomes: 315 single-copy orthologous genes concatenated for the phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae
Phylogenetic relationships are hotspots for orchid studies with controversial standpoints. Traditionally, the phylogenies of orchids are based on morphology and subjective factors. Although more reliable than classic phylogenic analyses, the current methods are based on a few gene markers and PCR amplification, which are labor intensive and cannot identify the placement of some species with degenerated plastid genomes. Therefore, a more efficient, labor-saving and reliable method is needed for phylogenic analysis. Here, we present a method of orchid phylogeny construction using transcriptomes. Ten representative species covering five subfamilies of Orchidaceae were selected, and 315 single-copy orthologous genes extracted from the transcriptomes of these organisms were applied to reconstruct a more robust phylogeny of orchids. This approach provided a rapid and reliable method of phylogeny construction for Orchidaceae, one of the most diversified family of angiosperms. We also showed the rigorous systematic position of holomycotrophic species, which has previously been difficult to determine because of the degenerated plastid genome. We concluded that the method presented in this study is more efficient and reliable than methods based on a few gene markers for phylogenic analyses, especially for the holomycotrophic species or those whose DNA sequences have been difficult to amplify. Meanwhile, a total of 315 single-copy orthologous genes of orchids are offered and more informative loci could be used in the future orchid phylogenetic studies.
Data from: "Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) transcriptome assembly and SNP discovery" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 August 2013-30 September 2013
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Western Hudson Bay subpopulation have been declining in size and body condition for decades, as climate change causes earlier sea ice breakup, reduced hunting time on the ice, and an increasingly long fasting season. As Western Hudson Bay females have decreased in size, rates of litter production and average litter size have also decreased, while cub mortality and average time to independence have increased. Although these changes have potential evolutionary consequences, little is yet known about the adaptive genetic variation in body size or fat accumulation that would have to underlie any such change. In this study, we used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to develop SNPs from pooled blood and fat transcriptomes, using samples from five adult female polar bears and five (unrelated) dependent cubs. In total, we generated 371,258 transcripts of which 36,755 were deemed to be "full length" (i.e., covered more than 90% of their best BLAST hit), and we identified 63,020 SNPs. Since this study was conducted, we have used a subset of these SNPs to develop an Illumina BeadArray for quantitative genetics research in Western Hudson Bay.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.