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1,604 results for “Wintering”
Sea or summit? Wild reindeer spatial responses to changing high-arctic winters
<p>Data for the article “Sea or summit? Wild reindeer spatial responses to changing high-arctic winters”</p> <p>By ÅØ Pedersen, LT Beumer, R Aanes, BB Hansen</p> <p>The data set includes four files: A readme file describing the data files, and three data files accompanying the above publication.</p> <p>For further queries please contact Åshild Ø. Pedersen: Ashild.Pedersen@npolar.no</p>
2020 Winter Gucheng Data
<p>Aerosol composition, elemental composition, gaseous species and meteorological parameters measured at Gucheng in winter 2020.</p>
Dataset for "Winter inverse lake stratification under historic and future climate change"
<p>Summary results for Woolway et al., Winter inverse lake stratification under historic and future climate change. See README file for specific information on the variables provided.</p>
Cold winters have morph-specific effects on natal dispersal distance in a wild raptor
<p>Dispersal is a key process with crucial implications in spatial distribution, density and genetic structure of species' populations. Dispersal strategies can vary according to both individual and environmental features, but putative phenotype-by-environment interactions have rarely been accounted for. Melanin-based color polymorphism is a phenotypic trait associated with specific behavioral and physiological profiles and is therefore a good candidate trait to study dispersal tactics in different environments. Here, using a 40 years dataset of a population of color polymorphic tawny owls (Strix aluco), we investigated natal dispersal distance of recruiting gray and pheomelanic reddish-brown (hereafter brown) color morphs in relation to post-fledging winter temperature and individual characteristics. Since morphs are differently sensitive to cold winters, we predicted that morphs' natal dispersal distances vary according to winter conditions. Winter temperature did not affect the proportion of brown (or gray) among recruits. We found that dispersal distances correlate with winter temperature in an opposite manner in the two morphs. While the gray morph undertakes larger movements in harsher conditions, likely because it copes better with winter severity, the brown morph disperses shorter distances when winters are harsher. We discuss this morph-specific natal dispersal pattern in a context of competition for territories between morphs and in terms of costs and benefits of these alternative strategies. Our results stress the importance of considering the interaction between phenotype and environment to fully disentangle dispersal movement patterns and provide further evidence that climate affects behavior and local distribution of this species.</p>
Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers"
<p>Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers" by Piccoli et al. (2021) Agronomy 2021, 11, 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081472</p>
The model data of Potential Impact of Spring Thermal Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on the Following Winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation
<p>This is the model data of "Potential Impact of Spring Thermal Forcing over the Tibetan Plateau on the Following Winter El Niño–Southern Oscillation". The data includes the last 20 years data of control run (CTRL), the 20 years data of TP–T experiment, and the wave activity flux difference between ensemble means of TP–T and CTRL. 2D is two dimensions. 3D is three dimensions.</p>
Mildew ratings and yields of winter wheat and spring oat varieties on NIAB and AHDB Recommended Lists, 1972-2022
<p>Data on powdery mildew ratings and yields in fungicide-treated trials relative to controls, for winter wheat and spring oat varieties on UK Recommended Lists from 1972 to 2022. These data are used in the graphs in Figure 1 of Brown & Wulff (2022) 'Diversifying the menu for crop powdery mildew resistance', Cell, DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.003. Data are compiled from published information. (c) NIAB for data from 1972 to 2001. (c) Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board </p>
Data from: Climatic influences on winter precipitation use by trees in summer
<p>Trees in seasonal climates may use water originating from both winter and summer precipitation. However, the seasonal origins of water used by trees have not been systematically studied. We used stable isotopes of water to compare the seasonal origins of water found in three common tree species across 24 Swiss forest sites sampled in two different years. The data set provides information on the sites (e.g., latitude/longitude, site name), site characteristics (e.g., weather/climate), tree species studied (beech, spruce and oak), and corresponding observations of stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in tree xylem water. </p>
Fig. 3 in Winter Diet Of The Common Genet, Genetta Genetta (Carnivora, Viverridae), And The African Golden Wolf, Canis Anthus (Carnivora, Canidae), In Altitudinal Locality Of The Edough Forest (Northeastern Algeria)
Fig. 3. Occurrence frequency of different food categories for both species.
Fig. 4 in Winter Diet Of The Common Genet, Genetta Genetta (Carnivora, Viverridae), And The African Golden Wolf, Canis Anthus (Carnivora, Canidae), In Altitudinal Locality Of The Edough Forest (Northeastern Algeria)
Fig. 4. Diets of the African golden wolf (left) and the common genet (right) in the study area.
Fig. 2 in Winter Diet Of The Common Genet, Genetta Genetta (Carnivora, Viverridae), And The African Golden Wolf, Canis Anthus (Carnivora, Canidae), In Altitudinal Locality Of The Edough Forest (Northeastern Algeria)
Fig. 2. All food categories consumed by the two predators (©: M. Boukheroufa).
Evaluation of Polar Winter Mesopause Wind in WACCMX+DART
<p>Daily average zonal mean WACCMX+DART output for select days in DJFM 2006-2019 and JJAS 2008-2017. The following variables are stored as a function of latitude, pressure level, and date:</p> <p>TP2D = "Temperature (K)"</p> <p>U2D = "Zonal Wind (m/s)"</p> <p>V2D = "Meridional Wind (m/s)"</p> <p>Z2D = "Geopotential Height (m)"</p> <p>BUTGWSPEC = "Beres (deep) U tendency - gravity wave spectrum" (m/s2) (Convective sources)</p> <p>CH4 = "CH4 concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>CO = "CO concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>NO = "NO concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>NOx = "NOx (N+NO+NO2)" (mol/mol)</p> <p>O = "O concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>O2 = "O2 concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>O3: = "O3 concentration" (mol/mol)</p> <p>OMEGA = "Vertical velocity (pressure)" (Pa/s)</p> <p>TTGW = "T tendency - gravity wave drag" (K/s)</p> <p>UTGWORO = "U tendency - orographic gravity wave drag" (m/s2)</p> <p>UTGWSPEC = "C&M U tendency - gravity wave spectrum" (m/s2) (Frontal Sources)</p> <p>VTGWORO = "V tendency - orographic gravity wave drag" (m/s2)</p> <p>VTGWSPEC = "C&M V tendency - gravity wave spectrum" (m/s2)</p>
Experimentally increased snow depth affects High Arctic microarthropods inconsistently over two consecutive winters
<p>Climate change induced alterations to winter conditions may affect decomposer organisms controlling the vast carbon stores in northern soils. Soil microarthropods are abundant decomposers in Arctic ecosystems affecting soil carbon release through their activities. We studied whether increased snow depth affected microarthropods, and if effects were consistent over two consecutive winters. We sampled Collembola and soil mites from a snow accumulation experiment at Svalbard in early summer and used soil microclimatic data to explore to which aspects of winter climate change microarthropods are most sensitive. Community densities differed substantially between years and increased snow depth in winter had inconsistent effects. Increased snow depth hardly affected microarthropods in 2015, but decreased overall abundance and altered relative abundances of microarthropod groups and Collembola species after a milder winter in 2016. Although our increased snow depth treatment enhanced soil temperatures by 3.2 ⁰C in the snow cover periods, the only good predictors of microarthropod density changes were soil conditions around snowmelt. Our study underpins that extrapolation of observations of decomposer responses to altered winter climate conditions to future scenarios should be avoided when communities are only sampled on a single occasion, since effects of longer-term gradual changes in winter climate may be obscured by inter-annual weather variability.</p>
Turning summer into winter: nutrient dynamics, temperature, density dependence, and invasive species drive bioenergetic processes and growth of a keystone coldwater fish
<p>A combination of global changes such as species invasions, climate change, and nutrient pollution have altered ecosystems, food webs, and the bioenergetic processes that control growth. These changes are especially pronounced in freshwater ecosystems and often lead to rapid variation in fish growth and dependent ecosystems services such as fishery yield. Understanding the mechanisms driving growth responses to environmental change is important for interpreting past dynamics and sustainably managing ecosystems. This study uses integrated bioenergetics and growth modeling to understand how nutrient dynamics, species invasions, and changing temperatures have altered growth of the keystone pelagic whitefish (<em>Coregonus</em> <em>wartmanni</em>) in Lake Constance, Germany from 1925 to 2020. Growth variation was modeled by allowing covariates to alter temperature-dependent consumption, while size-specific metabolism varied only with temperature. Consumption and growth increased strongly to a maximum with phosphorous, and this effect was stronger when intraspecific competition (measured as whitefish biomass) was low. Increasing whitefish biomass reduced growth under mesotrophic conditions, but had no effect under oligotrophic conditions. In contrast, increasing competition with invasive three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasteosteus</em> <em>aculeauts</em>) was predicted to reduce growth even under oligotrophic conditions. The invasion has effectively turned summer into winter for whitefish, with older fish ceasing to grow and younger fish losing up to 10% of their body weight during the normal growing season in subsequent years. Warming is predicted to further reduce whitefish growth due to competition with invasive stickleback, which would further alter zooplankton food availability and reduce already low fishery yields. These results demonstrate the importance of considering biotic interactions and synergistic effects in global change studies, as well as the value of mechanistic-based models for understanding effects. Similar growth responses to ecosystem change are likely within and across ecosystems, and bioenergetic models can help understand effects to support informed ecosystem management.</p>
Winter Temperature Eurasian Data Assimilation Reconstruction (WinTEDA)
<p>A winter, Eurasian-focused paleoclimate temperature reconstruction over the past 1000 years. The reconstruction is over a seasonal average of December to February. The reconstruction includes Eurasia and Greenland paleoclimate data that have a correlation with winter temperature (p < 0.05, accounting for proxy autocorrelation). The reconstruction also includes long observational temperature records from the Northern Hemisphere.</p>
Mean sea-level pressure and related indices from control and tropical relaxation winter seasonal hindcasts using the Met Office GloSea5 system.
<p>© Crown Copyright, Met Office</p> <p>The accompanying data is made available under the terms of the Non-Commercial Government Licence (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/non-commercial-government-licence/version/2/).</p> <p>These data are the results of ensemble modelling simulations using the Met Office GloSea5 numerical seasonal prediction system. Files in (zipped) netcdf format contain winter seasonal-mean mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) fields for each member of specified ensemble and hindcast winter (December-February from 1993-94 to 2015-16). The files are named according to the specification of relaxation towards observational reanalysis in each. HCAST has no relaxation, ALL has tropical (approximately 22.5S to 22.5N) relaxation at all atmospheric heights, TROP is similar to ALL but with relaxation limited to below 18km and STRAT is similar to ALL but with relaxation limited to above 18km. The relaxation is designed to constrain the atmospheric state to be close to that which was observed within the domain over which it is applied. Details of the technique can be found in Maidens et al., 2021* and references therein.</p> <p>An additional text file is provided to give summary statistics of key MSLP-based winter indices.</p> <p> </p> <p>* Maidens, A., Knight, J. R., & Scaife, A. A. (2021). Tropical and stratospheric influences on winter atmospheric circulation patterns in the North Atlantic sector. Environmental Research Letters, 16, 024035. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd8aa</p> <p> </p>
Survey of winter bird communities and vegetation in the Oregon Coast Range
<p>We re-surveyed forest bird communities during winter in seven large plots originally surveyed by graduate student, Stanley Anderson, from 1968 through 1970, near Corvallis, Oregon, USA. The forests in plots in the Coast Range Mountain foothills were and are currently dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Anderson's thesis included plot locations, summaries of vegetation characteristics and point estimates of bird densities for each plot. Because of the lack of similar data, we re-surveyed his plots after aligning methods with his and added modern components (distance and time interval sampling) to facilitate comparisons of changes in abundances. We preserved more extensive metadata than were preserved from Anderson's surveys, including georeferenced point count survey locations to facilitate more precisely repeatable future re-surveys. We also measured vegetation characteristics to compare structural changes since Anderson's measurements.</p>
Low levels of hybridization between domestic and wild Mallards wintering in the Lower Mississippi Flyway
<p>Mallard ducks are a ubiquitous and socio-economically important game bird in North America. Despite their generally abundant midcontinent population, Mallards in eastern North America are declining, which may be partially explained by extensive hybridization with human-released domestically-derived game-farm Mallards. We investigated the genetic composition of Mallards in the middle and lower Mississippi flyway, key wintering regions for the species. We found that nearly 30% of wild Mallards carried mitochondrial haplotypes derived from domestic mallards present in North America, indicating that the individuals had female game-farm Mallard lineage in their past; however nuclear results identified only 4% of the same sample set as putative hybrids. Recovering 30% of samples with OW A mtDNA haplotypes is concordant with general trends across the Mississippi flyway and this percentage was stable across Mallards we sampled a decade apart. The capture and perpetuation of OW A mtDNA haplotypes is likely due to female breeding structure, whereas reversal of the nuclear signal back to wild ancestry is due to sequential backcrossing and lower and/or declining admixture with game-farm Mallards. Future studies of wild ancestry of Mississippi flyway Mallards will benefit from coupling molecular and spatial technology across flyways, seasons, and years to search for potential transitions of Mallard populations with different genetic ancestry, and whether the genetic ancestry is somehow linked to an individual's natal and subsequent breeding location.</p>
Variability of the East Asian winter monsoon since mid-late Holocene
<p>Wind speed of the East Asian winter monsoon since 4.4 ka was quantitatively reconstructed at a high temporal resolution (~4 years) based on grain size of a core sediment from a well preserved mud patch in the North Yellow Sea.</p>
Multidecadal Variation in the Seasonal Predictability of Winter PNA and Its Sources
<p>This directory contain the climate indices from CESM ensemble hindcasts during period 1900-2014 that are used for a manuscript ("Multidecadal Variation in the Seasonal Predictability of Winter PNA and Its Sources") submitted for Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p>Description: </p> <p>The PNA index is defined by using the pointwise method , i.e., a linear combination of the normalized 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies (Z) at the four active centers: PNA = 1/4[Z(20°N, 160°W) – Z (45°N, 165°W) + Z (55°N, 115°W) – Z (30°N, 85°W)].The predicted seasonal mean PNA index is calculated based on the CESM monthly mean 500 hPa geopotential height prediction in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The ensemble mean PNA index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean PNA indices. </p> <p>The predicted seasonal mean Niño 3.4 index is calculated as the area average of SSTA in the domain of 170°W-120°W, 5°S-5°N based on the CESM monthly mean SST in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The linear signal of global warming is filtered out from the SSTA. The ensemble mean Niño index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean Niño 3.4 indices. </p> <p>The predicted seasonal mean PDO index is calculated as the time series associated with the first leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) pattern of the winter mean (DJF) North Pacific SSTA (north of 20°N) based on the CESM monthly mean SST in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The linear signal of global warming is filtered out from the SSTA. The ensemble mean PDO index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean PDO indices.<br> </p>
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