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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Conditional natal dispersal provides a mechanism for populations tracking resource pulses after fire
<p>Animals that persist in spatially structured populations face the challenge of tracking the rise and fall of resources across space and time. To combat these challenges, theory predicts that species should use conditional dispersal strategies that allow them to emigrate from patches with declining resources and colonize new resource patches as they appear. We studied natal dispersal movements in the black-backed woodpecker (<i>Picoides arcticus</i>), a species known for its strong association with recent post-fire forests in western North America. We radio-tracked juveniles originating from seven burned areas and tested hypotheses that environmental and individual factors influence dispersal distance and emigration rates – investigating emigration while additionally accounting for imperfect detection with a novel Bayesian model. We found that juveniles were more likely to leave natal areas and disperse longer distances if they were heavier or hatched in older burned areas where resources are increasingly scarce. Juveniles were also more likely to leave their natal burn if they hatched in a nest closer to the fire perimeter. While dispersing across the landscape, black-backed woodpeckers selected for burned forest relative to unburned available habitat. Together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that black-backed woodpecker populations track resource pulses across fire-prone landscapes, with conditional natal dispersal acting as a mechanism for locating and colonizing newly burned areas. Lending empirical support to theoretical predictions, our findings suggest that changes in resource distribution may shape dispersal patterns and, consequently, the distribution and persistence of spatially structured populations. </p>
FIGURE 8 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 8: Present day records of species of the Agauopsis brevipalpus group with three (circle) and four spines (quadrat) on telofemur I plotted on a map with Lower Jurassic land masses (solid line), ca 180 my ago (present-day plates in dotted line). A record from the Society Islands is omitted. (Lower Jurassic map modified from Howarth 1981; Vaughan & Livermore 2005; Stevens 2012).
FIGURE 7 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 7: Geographical distribution of named and unnamed species of the Agauopsis brevipalpus group. Different symbols are used depending on number of spines on telofemur I. Species with one or two spines are marked by a diamond: (1, collaris; 2, rosea; X, Agauopsis sp.); with three spines by a circle: (1, filirostris; 2, glabra; 3, ivanomorselii; 4, luxtoni; 5, newelli; 6, novaezelandiae; 7, reticulata); with four spines by a quadrat (1, arabia; 2, arborea; 3, atacamae; 4, borealis; 5, brevipalpus; 6, dissimilis; 7, ibssi; 8, legionium; 9, littoralis;10, longirostris; 11, moorea; 12, obtusa; 13, ripa; 14, sordida; 15, youngilensis; X, Agauopsis sp.); with five or more spines by a triangle (1, tricuspis; X, Agauopsis sp.).
FIGURE 2 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 2: Agauopsis dissimilis n.sp.: A – median part of PD level with ds-5, female; B – idiosoma, dorsal, female; C – idiosoma, ventral, female; D – gnathosoma, ventral, female; E – lateral margin of OC, female; F – gnathosomal base, dorsal, female; G – palp, lateral, female; H – AD, OC and PD, dorsal, male; I – idiosoma, ventral, male; J – genitoanal plate, male. (ds-5, fifth dorsal seta; glp, gland pore; L-Ba, length of gnathosomal base; L-Ro, length of rostrum; pa, porose areola; pc, pore canaliculus) Scale line = 50 µm
FIGURE 5 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 5: Agauopsis ripa Otto, 1999, male: A – lateral margin of OC; B – genitoanal plate; C – gnathosoma, ventral; D – P-3 and P-4; E – tip of tarsus I, ventromedial; F – tip of tarsus II, ventromedial (one of lateral parambulacral setae obscured, the other in broken line); G – tip of tarsus III, ventral. (T, tectum) Scale line = 50 µm.
FIGURE 6 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 6: Agauopsis sordida Bartsch, 1992: A – idiosoma, dorsal, female; B – idiosoma, ventral, female; C – lateral margin of OC, female; D – genitoanal plate, male; E – idiosoma, dorsal, male; F – idiosoma, ventral, male; G – gnathosoma, ventral, female. (pa, porose areola; spp, spermatopositor) Scale line = 50 µm.
FIGURE 1 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 1: Agauopsis arabia Bartsch and Chatterjee, 2001: A – idiosoma, dorsal, female; B – lateral margin of OC, male; C – gnathosomal base, dorsal, female; D – gnathosoma, lateral, female; E – tip of tarsus IV, ventral, female. (glp, gland pore; pa, porose areola; pc, pore canaliculus; T, tectum) Scale line = 50 µm.
FIGURE 4 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 4: Agauopsis moorea Bartsch, 1992: A – idiosoma, dorsal, male; B – idiosoma, ventral, male; C – lateral margin of OC, female; D – genitoanal plate, male; E – gnathosomal base, dorsal, female; F – gnathosoma, ventral, female; G – tip of tarsus II, ventromedial, male (lateral fossary seta and claw omitted). (spp, spermatopositor) Scale line = 50 µm.
FIGURE 3 in The Agauopsis brevipalpus group (Acari: Halacaridae), descriptions of tropical Indo-West Pacific species, a key to all species, their geographical distribution and reflections on dispersal routes
FIGURE 3: Agauopsis dissimilis n.sp.: A – leg I, medial, female; B – leg III, medial, female; C – leg IV, medial, female; D – malformed leg IV, medial, female; E – basifemur to tarsus II, medial, male; F – tip of tarsus I, lateral, female (medial setae and claw omitted); G – apical tibia and tarsus II, medial, male; H – tip of tarsus II, lateral, male (medial fossary seta and claw omitted); I – tip of tarsus II, medial, male (lateral fossary seta and claw omitted). (fa, membrane with famulus; so, solenidion) Scale line = 50 µm
Figure 4. The quadrate reveals a in First European evidence for transcontinental dispersal of Crocodylus (late Neogene of southern Italy)
Figure 4. The quadrate reveals a foramen aerum dis-
Figure 3. A in First European evidence for transcontinental dispersal of Crocodylus (late Neogene of southern Italy)
Figure 3. A, frontal and prefrontal (RGM 455203) in dor-
Figure 1 in First European evidence for transcontinental dispersal of Crocodylus (late Neogene of southern Italy)
Figure 1. Left premaxilla (DSTF GH1) in dorsal and ventral views. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
Data from: Mechanisms of dispersal and colonisation in a wind-borne cereal pest, the haplodiploid wheat curl mite
<p><strong>Filename: </strong>1_Allele_freq</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. marker_id - Name of the microsatellite marker analysed<br> 2. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 3. allele frequency - The frequency of alleles occurrence in the tested populations</p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>2_Pattern_of_plants_infestation</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 3. mites.no - Number of mites found on one plant<br> 4. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>3_Dispersal_colonisation_data</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. rep.no - Number of repetition within regime<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. mite.id - Individual mite ID<br> 5. plant.no - Number of plant examinated<br> 6. dds - Developmental stage of dispersing individual<br> 7. egg.no - Number of eggs laid<br> 8. F1_f.sex - Number of individuals developing into females<br> 9. F1_m.sex - Number of individuals developing into males</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Filename: </strong>4_Sex_ratio</p> <p>Variables:</p> <p>1. regime - Experimental regime (low heterozygosity - LH; medium heterozygosity - MH; high heterozygosity - HH)<br> 2. source - The source of the tested population (predisperal or postdispersal)<br> 3. rep.id - Repetition ID<br> 4. females.no - Number of females found in a population<br> 5. males.no - Number of males found in a population</p>
Dispersal syndromes are poorly associated with climatic niche differences in the Azorean seed plants
<p><b>Aim: </b>Environmental niche tracking is linked to the species ability to disperse. While well investigated on large spatial scales, dispersal constraints also influence small-scale processes and may explain the difference between the potential and the realized niche of species at small-scales. Here we test whether niche size and niche fill differ systematically according to dispersal syndrome within isolated oceanic islands. We expect species with higher dispersal abilities (anemochorous or endozoochorous) will have a higher niche fill, despite of their environmental niche size.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Azores archipelago</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Native seed plants</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We combined a georeferenced database of the species distribution within the archipelago (Azorean Biodiversity Portal/GBIF) with an expert-based dispersal syndrome categorization and a high-resolution climatic grid (CIELO model). Using four climatic variables (Annual Mean Temperature, Mean Diurnal Range, Annual Precipitation, Precipitation Seasonality), we calculated a 4-dimensional hypervolume to estimate the niche size of each species. Niche fill was quantified as the suitable climatic space of the island that was occupied by the focal species.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Endozoochorous species display higher niche fill compared to epizoochorous and hydrochorous species, and larger niches than anemochorous and epizoochorous. Differences among the remaining groups are not significant neither for niche fill nor for niche size.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions:</b> Although endozoochorous species track their niche more efficiently at small-scales than other dispersal syndromes, the differences between dispersal syndromes are not consistent. The ability of a species to track its niche at small-scales is not tightly related to its dispersal syndrome. Although intuitively appealing, dispersal syndrome classifications might not be the most appropriate tools for understanding dispersal processes at small-scales.</p>
Human-mediated dispersal redefines mangrove biogeography in the Anthropocene
<p><span><span><span>Introduction of species by humans breaks down biogeographic boundaries and results in the homogenization of species composition, yet empirical tests of this impact in marine forest ecosystems are still scarce. Large-scale planting aimed at reversing losses of mangroves has been the dominant strategy for mangrove restoration adopted by many organizations in the past decades, but there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the impacts of such large-scale plantings on mangrove biogeography. Here we used data collected before and after large-scale planting to compare the species richness and compositional similarities among 72 mangrove sites over a biogeographic scale (18-28 °N) in China. After the large-scale planting, 15 of the mangrove species spread towards the higher latitudes, reflecting the geographical barriers of the mangrove plants have been broken. Local species richness of mangrove increased by 44.82% and biogeographic compositional similarity of mangroves increased by 13.33%, reflecting large-scale introduction and planting increase local diversity of mangrove but enhance biological homogenization. The dispersal limitation of mangrove communities reduced by 11.1%, which indicates that the community assemblage process of mangrove changed obviously. Worryingly, two alien species, <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> and <i>Laguncularia racemose</i>, have dispersal across the biogeographic scale studied, reflecting an increase in the risk of biogeographic invasion. It is expected that biological homogeneity and species invasion will further influence the functional biogeography of mangroves. Our results highlight that mangrove biogeography is defined by human activities in the Anthropocene.</span></span></span></p>
Population assignment tests uncover rare long-distance larval dispersal events
<p>Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is consequential to metapopulation ecology and evolution. In systems where dispersal is undertaken by small propagules, such as larvae in the ocean, documenting LDD is especially challenging. Genetic parentage analysis has gained traction as a method for measuring larval dispersal, but such studies are generally spatially limited, leaving LDD understudied in marine species. We addressed this knowledge gap by uncovering LDD with population assignment tests in the coral reef fish <i>Elacatinus lori</i>—a species whose short-distance dispersal has been well-characterized by parentage analysis. When adults (<i>n</i> = 931) collected throughout the species' range were categorized into three source populations, assignment accuracy exceeded 99%, demonstrating low rates of connectivity between populations in the adult generation. After establishing high assignment confidence, we assigned settlers (<i>n</i> = 3,828) to source populations. Within the settler cohort, < 0.1% of individuals were identified as long-distance dispersers from other populations. These results demonstrate an exceptionally low level of connectivity between <i>E. lori</i> populations, despite the potential for ocean currents to facilitate LDD. More broadly, these findings illustrate the value of combining genetic parentage analysis and population assignment tests to uncover short- and long-distance dispersal, respectively.</p>
Data from: Genome-wide analysis reveals associations between climate and regional patterns of adaptive divergence and dispersal in American pikas
<p>Understanding the role of adaptation in species responses to climate change is important for evaluating the evolutionary potential of populations and informing conservation efforts. Population genomics provides a useful approach for identifying putative signatures of selection and the underlying environmental factors or biological processes that may be involved. Here, we employed a population genomic approach within a space-for-time study design to investigate the genetic basis of local adaptation and reconstruct patterns of movement across rapidly changing environments in a thermally-sensitive mammal, the American pika (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>). Using genotypic data at 49,074 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we analyzed patterns of genome-wide diversity, structure, and migration along three independent elevational transects located at the northern extent (Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada) and core (North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA) of the Cascades lineage. We identified 899 robust outlier SNPs within- and among-transects. Of those annotated to genes with known function, many were linked with cellular processes related to climate stress including ATP-binding, ATP citrate synthase activity, ATPase activity, hormone activity, metal ion-binding, and protein-binding. Moreover, we detected evidence for contrasting patterns of directional migration along transects across geographic regions that suggest an increased propensity for American pikas to disperse among lower elevation populations at higher latitudes where environments are generally cooler. Ultimately, our data indicate that fine-scale demographic patterns and adaptive processes may vary among populations of American pikas, providing an important context for evaluating biotic responses to climate change in this species and other alpine-adapted mammals.</p>
Supplementary files for Doré et al., 2025 - Evolutionary history of ponerine ants highlights how the timing of dispersal events shapes modern biodiversity. Nature Communications, 16(1), 8297.
<p><strong>### Research Article ###</strong></p> <p>This repository contains Supplementary files associated with this research paper:</p> <p><strong>Doré et al., 2025 - Evolutionary history of ponerine ants highlights how the timing of dispersal events shapes modern biodiversity. <em><span lang="FR">Nature Communications</span></em><span lang="FR">, <em>16</em>(1), 8297.</span></strong></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/XXXX">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63709-3</a></p> <p><strong>### Research abstract ###</strong></p> <p> Disentangling the drivers of global biodiversity patterns is a cornerstone of biogeography that remains elusive for many diverse biological groups. Here we present a complete species-level phylogeny of the ant subfamily Ponerinae based on new phylogenomic sequencing and taxonomic grafting. We combine results with a large-scale geographic database to explore the contribution of three main mechanisms in shaping global ponerine biodiversity patterns: time for accumulation, differences in diversification rate, and asymmetric dispersal. We show that extant ponerine ants originated in Gondwana, spread eastward across tropical bioregions, and more recently colonized temperate areas. The relative timing of colonization events was identified as the prominent driver of present-day biodiversity patterns, supporting the time for accumulation hypothesis. Conversely, differences in diversification rates and asymmetrical dispersal histories mitigated the heterogeneity in biodiversity by fueling accumulation of lineages in the least diverse bioregions. These findings suggest that tropical niche conservatism played a major role in shaping the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Ponerinae. Overall, we emphasize the importance of considering the relative timing of past dispersal events and variations in diversification rates over evolutionary time to gain a deeper understanding of Earth’s biodiversity patterns. </p> <p><strong>### Contents ###</strong></p> <p>This repository contains five sub-archives:</p> <p> - <em><strong>01_Supplementary_Data</strong></em>: <strong>Supplementary Data S1-S8</strong> of the article including metadata for voucher specimens, fossil calibrations, grafting information, geolocalized occurrences, biogeographic membership, bioregion adjacency matrices, and <strong>ready-to-use phylogenies</strong>.</p> <p> - <em><strong>02_Supplementary_Movie</strong></em>: <strong>Supplementary Movie 1 - Ponerinae Biogeographic History</strong>: Time-lapsed animation of ponerine ant biogeographic and diversification history.</p> <p> - <em><strong>03_Phylogenetic_inferences</strong></em>: Scripts and files used to carry out <strong>phylogenetic inferences</strong>.</p> <p> - <em><strong>04_Divergence_dating</strong></em>: Scripts and files used to carry out <strong>divergence dating analyses</strong>.</p> <p> - <em><strong>05_Other_analyses</strong></em>: Script and files used to carry out <strong>data curation, tree grafting, and biogeographic and diversification analyses</strong>. This is a release of an associated GitHub repository available at <a href="https://github.com/MaelDore/Ponerinae_Historical_Biogeography">https://github.com/MaelDore/Ponerinae_Historical_Biogeography</a>.<br> <br><strong>### How to cite ###</strong></p> <p>Please cite this research article as:<br> <br>> Doré, M., Borowiec, M.L., Branstetter, M.G., Camacho, G.P., Fisher, B.L., Longino, J.T., Ward, P.S., & Blaimer, B.B., 2025. Evolutionary history of ponerine ants highlights how the timing of dispersal events shapes modern biodiversity. <em>Nature Communications</em>, 16(1), 8297.<span lang="FR"> </span>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63709-3.</p>
Data and code - Disentangling dispersion from mean reveals true heterogeneity-diversity relationships
<p>Data and code for reproducing figures and results for the manuscript entitled "Disentangling dispersion from mean reveals true heterogeneity-diversity relationships". Published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64287-0">Nature Communications</a>. See references for data sources.</p> <p>Code tested with Julia version 1.11.1.</p> <p><strong>How to cite this repository</strong></p> <p>If using code or data from this repository, please cite the original publication (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-64287-0">Pellett and Valbuena, 2025</a>) and respective data source (see references and README.txt in respective data folder).</p> <p><strong>Update 2024-07-09</strong></p> <p>Minor changes to figure sizes and use of paired-sample t-tests when assessing empirical observations of heterogeneity measures.</p> <p><strong>Update 2024-08-04</strong></p> <p>Step by step instructions included in README</p> <p>Manifest.toml file included with julia and package version requirements.</p> <p><strong>Update 2024-11-18</strong></p> <p>Update following peer review feedback:</p> <p>Analysis of an additional dataset from MacArthurs' seminal paper on foliage height diversity.</p> <p>Hypothesis test of negligible trend for delta</p> <p>Modified extended data figures</p> <p><strong>Update 2025-05-16</strong></p> <p>Update following second round of peer review feedback:</p> <p>Change to equation notation for figure 2</p> <p>Additional script for simulation and review report figures </p> <p><strong>Update 2025-09-29</strong></p> <p>Figure text size adjustments after final round of peer review and editor requests.</p>
The Leprechauns of Quality Requirements: Beliefs and Dispersion in Academia and Practice - Additional Material
<p>This dataset contains additional material for the research paper "The Leprechauns of Quality Requirements: Beliefs and Dispersion in Academia and Practice".</p> <p>More specifically, it contains four files:</p> <ul> <li>Questionaire_Print version.pdf: The survey instrument that we used for the study.</li> <li>Leprechauns.gephi: A Gephi file containing the graphs that we used in the paper.</li> <li>data.csv: A csv file containing the answers of all survey participants.</li> <li>processing_script.R: An R script that we used to analyse and visualize the data.</li> </ul>
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