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1,921 results for “onset”
Data from: February precipitation in the wintering grounds of the lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca: is it a cue for migration onset?
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High-arctic family planning: earlier spring onset advances age at first reproduction in barnacle geese
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Supplementary material for: Lala, J., Tilahun, S., and Block, P. (2020). Predicting rainy season onset in the Ethiopian Highlands for agricultural planning. Journal of Hydrometeorology.
<p>Supplementary material for: Lala, J., Tilahun, S., and Block, P. (2020). Predicting rainy season onset in the Ethiopian Highlands for agricultural planning. Journal of Hydrometeorology. This includes onsets and cessations for northwestern Ethiopia, climate signals, and MATLAB scripts for calculating hindcasts</p>
JGR Atmosphere: Drought onset and termination in India
<p>This is the monthly data of the Integrated Drought Index for the period of 1951-2016.</p>
Data from: CAG repeat not polyglutamine length determines timing of Huntington's disease onset
Variable, glutamine-encoding, CAA interruptions indicate that a property of the uninterrupted HTT CAG repeat sequence, distinct from the length of huntingtin's polyglutamine segment, dictates the rate at which Huntington's disease (HD) develops. The timing of onset shows no significant association with HTT cis-eQTLs but is influenced, sometimes in a sex-specific manner, by polymorphic variation at multiple DNA maintenance genes, suggesting that the special onset-determining property of the uninterrupted CAG repeat is a propensity for length instability that leads to its somatic expansion. Additional naturally occurring genetic modifier loci, defined by GWAS, may influence HD pathogenesis through other mechanisms. These findings have profound implications for the pathogenesis of HD and other repeat diseases and question the fundamental premise that polyglutamine length determines the rate of pathogenesis in the "polyglutamine disorders."
Data from: Factors related to time of stroke onset versus time of hospital arrival: A SITS registry-based study in an Egyptian Stroke Center
<p><b>Background: </b>high-quality data on time of stroke onset and time of hospital arrival is required for proper evaluation of points of delay that might hinder access to medical care after the onset of stroke symptoms.</p> <p><b>Purpose: </b>Based on (SITS Dataset) in Egyptian stroke patients, we aimed to explore factors related to time of onset versus time of hospital arrival for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).</p> <p><span><b>Material and Methods:</b> We included 1,450 AIS patients from two stroke centers of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. We divided the day to four quarters and evaluated relationship between different factors and time of stroke onset and time of hospital arrival. The factors included: age, sex, duration from stroke onset to hospital arrival, type of management, type of stroke (TOAST classification), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on admission and favorable outcome modified Rankin Scale (mRS ≤2). </span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Pre-hospital: highest stroke incidence was in the first and fourth quarters. There was no significant difference in the mean age, sex, type of stroke in relation to time of onset. NIHSS was significantly less in onset in third quarter of the day. Percentage of patients who received thrombolytic therapy was higher with onset in the first 2 quarters of the day (p=<0.001). In-hospital: there was no difference in percentage of patients who received thrombolytic therapy nor in outcome across 4 quarters of arrival to hospital.</span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusion:</b> pre-hospital factors still need adjustment to improve percentage of thrombolysis, while in-hospital factors showed consistent performance.</span></p>
Validation of the Swedish diabetes regrouping scheme in adult-onset diabetes in China
<p><span><b>Abstract</b></span></p> <p><b>Background </b>Re-classification of diabetes is vital in providing precise management and reducing risk of diabetes complications. This study aimed to validate the practicality of the Swedish diabetes re-grouping scheme in Chinese adults with newly diagnosed diabetes. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 15772 patients with adult-onset newly-diagnosed diabetes in China from April 2015 to October 2017. Cluster analysis used by the Swedish study was employed to re-group our patients. Glutamate decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), age onset, body mass index (BMI), Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>), homoeostatic model assessment 2 estimates of β-cell function (HOMA2-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were used to perform the TwoStep and k-means clustering. Characteristics of the clusters were compared between the patients from this study and those from the Swedish study.</p> <p><b>Results </b><span>Our patients clustered into five subgroups: 6.2% were gathered in the severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID) subgroup, 24.8% were in the severe insulin deficient diabetes (SIDD) subgroup, 16.6% were in the severe insulin resistance diabetes (SIRD) subgroup, 21.6% were in the mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD) subgroup and 30.9% were in the mild age-related diabetes (MARD) subgroup. When compared with the Swedish population, the proportion of SIDD subgroup was higher. In general, Chinese patients had younger age, lower BMI, higher HbA<sub>1c</sub>, lower HOMA2-B and HOMA2-IR, and higher insulin use but lower metformin usage than the Swedish patients. </span></p> <p><strong>Content</strong> The data contains the figures and tables to describe the characteristics and the variable distributions of Chinese diabetic patients in each of the five clusters. Additionally, the comparisons between the Chinese and Swedish patients with diabetes were presented in it as well.</p> <p><span><b>Conclusion </b>The Swedish diabetes regrouping scheme is applicable to adult-onset diabetes in China, with a high proportion of patients with the severe insulin deficient diabetes. Further validations of long-term diabetes complications remain warranted in future studies. </span></p>
New onset neurologic events in people with COVID-19 infection in three regions in China
<p><strong><i>Objective</i>:</strong> To investigate new-onset neurologic impairments associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p> <p><strong><i>Methods</i>:</strong> A retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted between 18 January and 20 March 2020 including people with confirmed COVID-19 from 56 hospitals officially designated in three Chinese regions; data were extracted from medical records. New-onset neurologic events as assessed by neurology consultants based on manifestations, clinical examination and investigations, in which critical events included disorders of consciousness, stroke, CNS infection, seizures and status epilepticus.</p> <p><strong><i>Results</i>:</strong> We enrolled 917 people with average age 48.7 years and 55% were male. The frequency of new onset critical neurologic events was 3.5% (32/917) overall and 9.4% (30/319) among those with severe or critical COVID-19. These were impaired consciousness (n=25) or/and stroke (n=10). The risk of critical neurologic events was highly associated with age above 60 years and previous history of neurological conditions. Non-critical events were seen in less than 1% (7/917), including muscle cramp, unexplained headache, occipital neuralgia, tic and tremor. Brain CT in 28 people led to new findings in nine. Findings from lumbar puncture in three with suspected CNS infection, unexplained headache or severe occipital neuralgia were unremarkable.</p> <p><strong><i>Conclusions</i>:</strong> People with COVID-19 aged over 60 and neurologic comorbidities were at higher risk of developing critical neurologic impairment, mainly impaired consciousness and cerebrovascular accidents. Brain CT should be considered when new-onset brain injury is suspected, especially in people under sedation or showing an unexplained decline in consciousness. Evidence of direct acute insult of SARS-COV-2 to the CNS is still lacking.</p>
Data from: Experimental illumination of a forest: no effects of lights of different colours on the onset of the dawn chorus in songbirds
Light pollution is increasing exponentially, but its impact on animal behaviour is still poorly understood. For songbirds, the most repeatable finding is that artificial night lighting leads to an earlier daily onset of dawn singing. Most of these studies are, however, correlational and cannot entirely dissociate effects of light pollution from other effects of urbanization. In addition, there are no studies in which the effects of different light colours on singing have been tested. Here, we investigated whether the timing of dawn singing in wild songbirds is influenced by artificial light using an experimental set-up with conventional street lights. We illuminated eight previously dark forest edges with white, green, red or no light, and recorded daily onset of dawn singing during the breeding season. Based on earlier work, we predicted that onset of singing would be earlier in the lighted treatments, with the strongest effects in the early-singing species. However, we found no significant effect of the experimental night lighting (of any colour) in the 14 species for which we obtained sufficient data. Confounding effects of urbanization in previous studies may explain these results, but we also suggest that the experimental night lighting may not have been strong enough to have an effect on singing.
Data from: Distinguishing between reservoir exposure and human-to-human transmission for emerging pathogens using case onset data
Pathogens such as MERS-CoV, influenza A/H5N1 and influenza A/H7N9 are currently generating sporadic clusters of spillover human cases from animal reservoirs. The lack of a clear human epidemic suggests that the basic reproductive number R0 is below or very close to one for all three infections. However, robust cluster-based estimates for low R0 values are still desirable so as to help prioritise scarce resources between different emerging infections and to detect significant changes between clusters and over time. We developed an inferential transmission model capable of distinguishing the signal of human-to-human transmission from the background noise of direct spillover transmission (e.g. from markets or farms). By simulation, we showed that our approach could obtain unbiased estimates of R0, even when the temporal trend in spillover exposure was not fully known, so long as the serial interval of the infection and the timing of a sudden drop in spillover exposure were known (e.g. day of market closure). Applying our method to data from the three largest outbreaks of influenza A/H7N9 outbreak in China in 2013, we found evidence that human-to-human transmission accounted for 13% (95% credible interval 1%–32%) of cases overall. We estimated R0 for the three clusters to be: 0.19 in Shanghai (0.01-0.49), 0.29 in Jiangsu (0.03-0.73); and 0.03 in Zhejiang (0.00-0.22). If a reliable temporal trend for the spillover hazard could be estimated, for example by implementing widespread routine sampling in sentinel markets, it should be possible to estimate sub-critical values of R0 even more accurately. Should a similar strain emerge with R0>1, these methods could give a real-time indication that sustained transmission is occurring with well-characterised uncertainty.
Data from: Onset of clinical and MRI efficacy of ocrelizumab in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Objective: To assess the onset of ocrelizumab efficacy on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease activity in the Phase II study in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), and relapse rate in the pooled Phase III studies in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Methods: Brain MRI activity was determined in the Phase II trial at monthly intervals in patients with RRMS receiving placebo, ocrelizumab (600 mg), or intramuscular interferon (IFN) β-1a (30 μg). Annualized relapse rate (ARR; over various epochs) and time to first relapse were analyzed in the pooled population of the Phase III OPERA I and OPERA II trials in patients with RMS receiving ocrelizumab (600 mg) or subcutaneous IFN β-1a (44 μg). Results: In patients with RRMS, ocrelizumab reduced the number of new T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions by Week 4 vs placebo (p=0.042) and by Week 8 vs intramuscular IFN β-1a (p<0.001). Ocrelizumab also reduced the number of new or enlarging T2 lesions appearing between Weeks 4 and 8 vs both placebo and IFN β-1a (both p<0.001). In patients with RMS, ocrelizumab significantly reduced ARR (p=0.005), and the probability of time to first protocol-defined relapse (p=0.014) vs subcutaneous IFN β-1a within the first 8 weeks. Conclusion: Epoch analysis of MRI-measured lesion activity in the Phase II study and relapse rate in the Phase III studies consistently revealed a rapid suppression of acute MRI and clinical disease activity following treatment initiation with ocrelizumab in patients with RRMS and RMS, respectively. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with RRMS and RMS, ocrelizumab suppressed MRI activity within 4 weeks and clinical disease activity within 8 weeks.
Arctic sea ice snow melt onset dates from the Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm, version 5 (1979 - 2022)
<h2>Data</h2><p>This data set includes one NetCDF (.nc) file containing the full set of annual Arctic sea ice melt onset dates and statistical summaries for the 1979 - 2022 period derived with the Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm (AHRA) V5. The remaining .png files include browse images of each data layer contained within the primary NetCDF file.</p><p>A full description of the data provided herein can be found in the following publication: </p><p>Bliss, A. C. (submitted 2023), Passive microwave observations of Arctic sea ice melt onset from the Advanced Horizontal Range Algorithm 1979 – 2022, <i>Scientific Data</i>.</p><h2>Future updates</h2><p>This data set is distributed on an ongoing basis by the NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Future updates to the AHRA V5 data set including annual updates of the data product will be available at the NSIDC archive below:</p><p>Bliss, A. C., M. Anderson, and S. Drobot. (2022). Snow Melt Onset Over Arctic Sea Ice from SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS Brightness Temperatures, Version 5. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/TRGWQ0ONTQG5">https://doi.org/10.5067/TRGWQ0ONTQG5</a>.</p>
Distinct Intratumoral Microbiome of Young-Onset and Average-Onset Colorectal Cancer
<p>Raw 16S rRNA Amplicon sequencing Data.</p>
Improving predictions of critical shear stress in gravel bed rivers: identifying the onset of sediment transport and quantifying sediment structure: Dataset
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper: Hodge RA, Voepel HE, Yager EM, Leyland J, Johnson JPL, Sear DA, Ahmed S. Improving predictions of critical shear stress in gravel bed rivers: identifying the onset of sediment transport and quantifying sediment structure. In review for Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. </p> <p>These data are from Figure 3 to 6. The aim of this part of the paper was to assess different methods for measuring the grain-scale sediment structure of a gravel-bed river. The approaches used are direct measurements, terrestrial laser scanning, and CT scanning. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Biallelic SQSTM1 mutations in early-onset, variably progressive neurodegeneration
Objective: To characterize clinically and molecularly an early-onset, variably progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a cerebellar syndrome with severe ataxia, gaze palsy, dyskinesia, dystonia, and cognitive decline affecting 11 individuals from 3 consanguineous families. Methods: We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) (families 1 and 2) and a combined approach based on homozygosity mapping and WES (family 3). We performed in vitro studies to explore the effect of the nontruncating SQSTM1 mutation on protein function and the effect of impaired SQSTM1 function on autophagy. We analyzed the consequences of sqstm1 down-modulation on the structural integrity of the cerebellum in vivo using zebrafish as a model. Results: We identified 3 homozygous inactivating variants, including a splice site substitution (c.301+2T>A) causing aberrant transcript processing and accelerated degradation of a resulting protein lacking exon 2, as well as 2 truncating changes (c.875_876insT and c.934_936delinsTGA). We show that loss of SQSTM1 causes impaired production of ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates in response to misfolded protein stress and decelerated autophagic flux. The consequences of sqstm1 down-modulation on the structural integrity of the cerebellum in zebrafish documented a variable but reproducible phenotype characterized by cerebellum anomalies ranging from depletion of axonal connections to complete atrophy. We provide a detailed clinical characterization of the disorder; the natural history is reported for 2 siblings who have been followed up for >20 years. Conclusions: This study offers an accurate clinical characterization of this recently recognized neurodegenerative disorder caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in SQSTM1 and links this phenotype to defective selective autophagy.
Adult-Onset Deletion of ATP13A2 in Mice Induces Progressive Nigrostriatal Pathway Dopaminergic Degeneration and Lysosomal Abnormalities
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Tabular datasets for for Morrone Parfitt, G., Coccia, E., Goldman, C. et al. Disruption of lysosomal proteolysis in astrocytes facilitates midbrain organoid proteostasis failure in an early-onset Parkinson's disease model. Nat Commun 15, 447 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44732-2
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Figure 5 in Onset and duration of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) molt in the Wadden Sea, and the role of environmental conditions
Figure 5. The proportion of visible molting seals in late-molt over time for the years between 2004 and 2010. The onset of molt varied per year: the earliest onset in 2009 and the latest onset in 2008. The bubble size indicates the number of animals with an observation quality score of 1 for each survey. The dashed horizontal line shows the 50% level and the vertical bold red and black dashed lines show at what day of the year 50% of the visible molting animals were in late-molt, respectively.
Onset of non-linear internal gravity waves in intermediate-mass stars
<p>MESA inlists associated with <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019MNRAS.482.5500R/abstract">Onset of non-linear internal gravity waves in intermediate-mass stars</a></p>
Metabolic and Stress Response Changes Precede Disease Onset in the Spinal Cord of Mutant SOD1 ALS Mice
<p>Many Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients experience hypermetabolism, or an increase in measured versus calculated metabolic rate. The cause of hypermetabolism and the effects on neuronal metabolism in ALS are currently unknown, but the efficacy of dietary interventions shows promise for metabolism as an ALS therapeutic target. The goal of this study is to measure changes in metabolic pathways as a function of disease progression in spinal cords of the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of protein expression for metabolic pathways, antioxidants, chaperones, and proteases in lumbar spinal cord from male SOD1G93A mice at pre-onset, onset, and end-stages of the disease using targeted proteomic analysis. These results reveal that protein content of metabolic proteins including proteins involved in glycolysis, β‐oxidation, and mitochondrial metabolism is altered in SOD1G93A mouse spinal cord well before disease onset. The changes in mitochondrial metabolism proteins are associated with decreased maximal respiration and glycolytic flux in SOD1G93A dermal fibroblasts and increased hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide production in mitochondria from sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle fibers at end stage of disease. Consistent with redox dysregulation, expression of the glutathione antioxidant system is decreased, and peroxiredoxins and catalase expression are increased. In addition, stress response proteases and chaperones, including those involved in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, are induced before disease onset. In summary, we report that metabolic and stress response changes occur in SOD1G93A lumbar spinal cord before motor symptom onset, and are primarily caused by SOD1G93A expression and do not vary greatly as a function of disease course.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.