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FIGURE 26 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 26. Nata vernicosa (Krauss, 1848), living animals. A, B, Empisini Nat. Res., Umkomaas, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 15.7 mm and 11.8 mm respectively (NMSA W4399). C, Ferncliffe Nat. Res., Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.4 mm (NMSA W6647). D, Vernon Crookes Nat. Res., Umzinto KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 14.0 mm (NMSA W8020). E, Umtamvuna Nat. Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 18.5 mm (NMSA V2089). F, Irma Booysen Flora Res., Cape St Francis, E. Cape, shell diameter 10.0 mm (NMSA W6382).
FIGURE 25 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 25. Nata vernicosa (Krauss, 1848). A–C, large typical specimen with strong sculpture, Mbotyi, E. Cape, diameter 20.7 mm (NMSA W4119). D–F, large low-spired, weakly sculptured, glossy specimen, liparoxantha morph, Umtamvuna Nat. Res., KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 19.5 mm (NMSA W7901). G–I, strongly sculptured, deep-whorled specimen, Kelso, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 16.3 mm (NMSA W7940). J–P, additional specimens from throughout the range of the species [J, Lekgalameetse Nat. Res., Limpopo, diameter 20.6 mm (NMSA V5544). K, Mount Sheba, Mpumalanga diameter 16.0 mm (NMSA W3344). L, Hluhluwe Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 21.7 mm (NMSA V571). M, Grahamstown, E. Cape, diameter 15.3 mm (NMSA W4198). N, Van Stadens Wild Flower Res., E. Cape, diameter 15.5 mm (NMSA W8359). O, Ferndale, E. Cape, diameter 14.0 mm (NMSA W8436). P, Fig Tree, Addo Elephant Park, E. Cape, diameter 15.9 mm (NMSA W4221)].
FIGURE 24 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 24. Type material of Nata vernicosa and synonyms. A–C, Helix vernicosa Krauss, 1848, lectotype (here designated), diameter 10.2 mm (SMNH 4965). D–F, Helix (Macrocyclis) liparoxantha Melvill & Ponsonby, 1892, lectotype, diameter 18.0 mm (NHMUK 1911.8.8.7). G–I, Helix (Macrocyclis) caenotera Melvill & Ponsonby, 1892, lectotype, diameter 17.0 mm (NHMUK 1911.8.8.8). J–L, Natalina chaplini Melvill & Ponsonby, 1894, lectotype, diameter 10.4 mm (NHMUK 1911.8.8.9). M–O, Helix vernicosa var. minor Pfeiffer, 1853, lectotype, diameter 8.0 mm (SMNH 4965).
FIGURE 23 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 23. Distribution of Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912). Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli & Herbert 2016); contour at 1000 m.
FIGURE 21 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 21. Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912), radula, Grootbos Private Nat. Res., Gansbaai (NMSA W5658). A, whole width of radula. B, half width of radula showing large teeth (numbers 6–8), fang tooth is tooth no 7 in this case. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B = 100 µm.
FIGURE 2. A in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 2. A, Natella viridescens (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1891), drowning individual with proboscis everted, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 3.7 mm (NMSA W7263). B, Nata vernicosa (Krauss, 1848), mating pair, Qora River mouth, E. Cape, respective shell diameter 20.5 mm and 14 mm (NMSA W4015).
FIGURE 20 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 20. Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912), living animals. A, Oubos, Riviersonderendberge, W. Cape (NMSA W5671). B, Grootbos Private Nat. Res., Gansbaai, W. Cape (NMSA W5658). Note relatively dense pigmentation of pulmonary lining and conspicuous pale kidney in B. Shell diameter of both specimens 7.7 mm.
FIGURE 8. A in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 8. A, Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912), everted penis, penis length 2.3 mm, Oubos, Riviersonderendberge, W. Cape (NMSA W5671). B, Nata vernicosa (Krauss, 1848), everted penis, penis length 3.3 mm, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA W3910). C, spermatophore of Nata watsoni sp. nov., left and right sides, extended length 6.6. mm, Alexandra Forest, E. Cape (NMSA W9173). Abbreviations: epp, epiphallus pore.
FIGURE 18 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 18. Distribution of Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli & Herbert 2016); contour at 1000 m.
FIGURE 5 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 5. Morphology of mantle edge and reno-pericardial system (ventral aspect). A, Nata vernicosa, mantle edge showing structure of upper and lower left mantle lobes, The Haven, E. Cape (NMSA W4151). B, Nata tarachodes, reno-pericardial system, Oubos, W. Cape (NMSA W5671). C, Natella viridescens, reno-pericardial system, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal (NMSA V3177). Abbreviations: au, auricle; int, intestine; k, kidney; llml, lower left mantle lobe; opu, opening of primary ureter; p, pneumostome; pc, pericardium; pu, primary ureter; pv, pulmonary vein; rml, right mantle lobe; ulml, upper left mantle lobe; ven, ventricle.
FIGURE 22 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 22. Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912), genitalia. A, entire genital tract, minus ovotestis (NMSA W5671). B, dissection of basal portion of bursa copulatrix duct showing folds on lumen wall and papillate pocket of atrial diverticulum (NMSA W5671). C, longitudinal dissection of penis showing papillate lumen, atrial diverticulum large in this individual (NMSA W9118). Abbreviations: ad, atrial diverticulum; ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bd, bursa copulatrix duct; bdf, folds in wall of bursa copulatrix duct; ep, epiphallus; epp, epiphallus pore; fod, free oviduct; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; plp, papillate lumen of penis; pp, papillate pocket of atrial diverticulum; pr, penial retractor muscle; sod, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.
FIGURE 1 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic estimate using BEAST uncorrelated (lognormal) relaxed clock model based on two nuclear and two mitochondrial genes (modified from Moussalli & Herbert 2016). A biogeographic calibration was applied to the base of the Rhytididae, representing the East–West Gondwana split (approx. 120 Mya). Nodal support represents posterior probabilities (only PP ≥0.90 shown) followed by likelihood bootstrap support (only BS ≥75 shown). Images are reflective of size, but not accurately to scale.
FIGURE 12 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 12. Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., genitalia. A, entire genital tract (paratype, NMSA W9249/T3067). B, dissection of genital atrium and its diverticulum showing raised ridge-like pleat (holotype). C, longitudinal dissection of penis showing papillate lumen (holotype). Abbreviations: ad, atrial diverticulum; adp, pleat of atrial diverticulum; ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bd, bursa copulatrix duct; ep, epiphallus; epp, epiphallus pore; fod, free oviduct; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; ot, ovotestis on inner margin of digestive gland; p, penis; plp, papillate lumen of penis; pr, penial retractor muscle; sod, spermoviduct; vd, vas deferens.
FIGURE 15 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 15. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851). A–C, lectotype of Helix dumeticola Benson, 1851, 'S. Africa', diameter 11.4 mm (NHMUK 1912.8.16.206–208). D–F, Robben Island, mid-sized specimen, diameter 10.4 mm (NMSA V8258). G, Strandfontein, lenticular subadult specimen, diameter 9.6 mm (NMSA W7522). H, I, Saldanha Bay area, Jacobsbaai, large subglobose specimens, diameter respectively 14.2 mm and 12.8 mm (NMSA V7760). J, Cape Peninsula, Connolly, diameter 9.6 mm (NHMUK 1937.12.30.1360–66).
FIGURE 17 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 17. Nata dumeticola (Benson, 1851), genitalia. A, entire genital tract, minus ovotestis (NMSA V8258). B, internal features of penis (NMSA W3224). Abbreviations: ag, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; bd, bursa copulatrix duct; ep, epiphallus; epp, epiphallus pore; ga, genital atrium; hd, hermaphrodite duct; p, penis; pil, penis pilaster; pr, penial retractor muscle; sod, spermoviduct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens.
FIGURE 4 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 4. Living animals of Nata and Natella. A, Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., holotype, Stinkhoutkloof, E. Cape, shell diameter 6.5 mm (NMSA W9248/T3066). B, Nata dumeticola, West Coast National Park, W. Cape, shell diameter 10.8 mm (NMSA W3224). C, Nata erugata sp. nov., Tullach-Mohr, Nelspruit area, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 20 mm (MV ex NMSA W3301). D, Nata tarachodes, Grootbos Private Nat. Res., Gansbaai, W. Cape, shell diameter 7.7 mm (NMSA W5658). E, Nata watsoni sp. nov., Hankey, E. Cape, shell diameter 7.5 mm (paratype NMSA W6524/T3921). F, Nata watsoni sp. nov. Camdeboo National Park, Graaff-Reinet, E. Cape, shell diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W6091/T2303). G, Nata vernicosa, Vernon Crookes Nat. Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 14.0 mm (NMSA W8020). H, Natella viridescens, Ithala Game Res., KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 3.7 mm (NMSA W7263).
FIGURE 19 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 19. Nata tarachodes (Connolly, 1912). A–C, holotype of Natalina tarachodes Connolly, 1912, diameter 7.2 mm (NHMUK 1912.4.27.14). D–F, elevated specimen with distinct axial riblets, Grootbos Private Nat. Res., Gansbaai, W. Cape, diameter 8.0 mm (NMSA W5658). G, depressed specimen, faded, Kalk Bay Mountain, W. Cape, diameter 7.1 mm (SAMC 8299).
FIGURE 14 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 14. Nata caffrula (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898), type material. A–C, holotype of Natalina caffrula Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898, diameter 11.2 mm (NHMUK 1911.8.8.10). D–F, paratype of Natalina caffrula Melvill & Ponsonby, 1898, diameter 12.5 mm (SAMC 2369).
FIGURE 11 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 11. Nata aequiplicata sp. nov., radula. A, light micrograph of stained preparation, anterior third of radula (paratype, NMSA W9249/T3067). B, outer lateral and marginal teeth, posterior third of radula (holotype). C, rachidian and inner lateral teeth, anterior third of radula (holotype). Specimen A considerably smaller than holotype and radula teeth thus proportionately smaller. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C = 50 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Revision of the dwarf cannibal snails (Nata s. l.) of southern Africa— Nata s. s. and Natella (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rhytididae), with description of three new species
FIGURE 13. Distribution of Nata aequiplicata sp. nov. Triangles with a white centre indicate localities for specimens used in DNA analyses (Moussalli & Herbert 2016); contour at 1000 m.
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