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1,620 results for “springs”
Data from: Late spring nitrate distributions beneath the ice-covered northeastern Chukchi Shelf
Measurements of late springtime nutrient concentrations in Arctic waters are relatively rare due to the extensive sea ice cover that makes sampling difficult. During the SUBICE cruise in May-June 2014, an extensive survey of hydrography and pre-bloom concentrations of inorganic macronutrients, oxygen, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and chlorophyll a was conducted in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. Cold (< -1.5°C) winter water was prevalent throughout the study area, and the water column was weakly stratified. Nitrate (NO3-) concentration averaged 12.6±1.92 μM in surface waters and 14.0±1.91 μM near the bottom and was significantly correlated with salinity. The highest NO3- concentrations were associated with winter water within the Central Channel flow path. NO3- concentrations were much reduced near the northern shelfbreak within the upper halocline waters of the Canada Basin and along the eastern side of the shelf near the Alaskan coast. Net community production (NCP), estimated as the difference in depth-integrated NO3- content between spring (this study) and summer (historical), varied from 28-38 g C m-2 a-1. This is much lower than previous NCP estimates that used NO3- concentrations from the southeastern Bering Sea as a baseline. These results demonstrate the importance of using profiles of NO3- measured as close to the beginning of the spring bloom as possible when estimating local NCP. They also show that once the snow melts in spring, increased light transmission through the sea ice to the waters below the ice could fuel large phytoplankton blooms over a much wider area than previously known.
Data from: When spring ephemerals fail to meet pollinators: mechanism of phenological mismatch and its impact on plant reproduction
The flowering phenology of early-blooming plants is largely determined by snowmelt timing in high-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems. When the synchrony of flowering and pollinator emergence is disturbed by climate change, seed production may be restricted due to insufficient pollination success. We revealed the mechanism of phenological mismatch between a spring ephemeral (Corydalis ambigua) and its pollinator (overwintered bumble bees), and its impact on plant reproduction, based on 19 years of monitoring and a snow removal experiment in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan. Early snowmelt increased the risk of phenological mismatch under natural conditions. Seed production was limited by pollination success over the three years of pollination experiment and decreased when flowering occurred prior to bee emergence. Similar trends were detected on modification of flowering phenology through snow removal. Following snowmelt, the length of the pre-flowering period strongly depended on the ambient surface temperature, ranging from 4 days (at >7ºC) to 26 days (at 2.5ºC). Flowering onset was explained with an accumulated surface degree-day model. Bumble bees emerged when soil temperature reached 6ºC, which was predictable by an accumulated soil degree-day model, although foraging activity after emergence might depend on air temperature. These results indicate that phenological mismatch tends to occur when snow melts early but subsequent soil warming progresses slowly. Thus, modification of the snowmelt regime could be a major driver disturbing spring phenology in northern ecosystems.
Data from: Constraints of cold and shade on the phenology of spring ephemeral herb species
Spring ephemeral herb species in temperate deciduous forests are active above-ground only briefly each year. This study tested experimentally how two countervailing constraints – cold and darkness – influence the phenology of six spring herb species. Dormancy of underground structures, maintained by cold temperatures in a growth chamber, was broken at six 25-day intervals from January or February to June in two consecutive years. Upon emergence, survival and flowering were measured on cohorts grown outdoors. Shade cloth was added at the time of normal canopy closure. Cardamine concatenata, Dicentra cucullaria, Erythronium albidum and Trillium recurvatum had no or low 2-year survival in the two or three earliest cohorts and no or low survival in the latest cohort, relative to their natural cohort. Allium canadense and Claytonia virginica had survival in all cohorts. Flowering never occurred in the first two or three cohorts for three species and never occurred or declined in later cohorts in all species. Despite widely differing emergence dates, senescence was completed within a 40-day period soon after shade was imposed for all cohorts for all species. Consequently, leaf life span became shorter as date of emergence was delayed among cohorts. In general, the brief growth period of spring herb species is an adaptation to avoid winter cold and late-spring canopy shade. These constraints are species-specific and differ for survival and flowering for some species. Claytonia virginica is the most tolerant among the species to a wider range of conditions. Synthesis. Knowing that cold and shade constrain a plant's non-dormant period is important because of the significant role plant phenology plays in responses to climate change.
Data from: Genetic composition of the Warm Springs River Chinook Salmon population maintained following eight generations of hatchery production
Balancing the disparate objectives of fishery augmentation and conservation of an endemic population presents a substantial challenge. In the case of Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (Warm Springs Hatchery), strategies for achieving both objectives included incorporation of natural fish into the hatchery broodstock and restricting proportions of hatchery fish on the spawning grounds. The hatchery has been more successful in implementing the latter, however, than the former. We analyzed seventy-six SNP markers in Spring Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha collected from the Warm Springs River in 1976 – 1977 (prior to hatchery produciton) and 2001-2011 (post-hatchery) to examine whether the genetic characteristics of the endemic population had changed during that time. Pre- and post- hatchery collections clustered together when compared to Round Butte Hatchery (a nearby segregated program) and other Columbia River populations. The difference between pre- and post- hatchery collections was non-significant (AMOVA), but post hatchery samples exhibited significantly lower He. We observed some evidence of reduced effective size (Ne) and increased genetic drift in fish produced at Warm Springs Hatchery (relative to natural-origin fish), and even stronger evidence in fish produced at Round Butte Hatchery. We conclude that natural-origin fish returning to the Warm Springs River form a distinct group within the Interior Columbia Basin Spring-run lineage and have changed very little over the past eight generations. We further speculate that differences between hatchery- and natural- origin fish at Warm Springs Hatchery are expected to increase if hatchery operations remain static (little integration of natural-origin fish and incorporation of Round Butte Hatchery fish in broodstock).
Data from: Muscle–spring dynamics in time-limited, elastic movements
Muscle contractions that load in-series springs with slow speed over a long duration do maximal work and store the most elastic energy. However, time constraints, such as those experienced during escape and predation behaviours, may prevent animals from achieving maximal force capacity from their muscles during spring-loading. Here, we ask whether animals that have limited time for elastic energy storage operate with springs that are tuned to submaximal force production. To answer this question, we used a dynamic model of a muscle–spring system undergoing a fixed-end contraction, with parameters from a time-limited spring-loader (bullfrog: Lithobates catesbeiana) and a non-time-limited spring-loader (grasshopper: Schistocerca gregaria). We found that when muscles have less time to contract, stored elastic energy is maximized with lower spring stiffness (quantified as spring constant). The spring stiffness measured in bullfrog tendons permitted less elastic energy storage than was predicted by a modelled, maximal muscle contraction. However, when muscle contractions were modelled using biologically relevant loading times for bullfrog jumps (50 ms), tendon stiffness actually maximized elastic energy storage. In contrast, grasshoppers, which are not time limited, exhibited spring stiffness that maximized elastic energy storage when modelled with a maximal muscle contraction. These findings demonstrate the significance of evolutionary variation in tendon and apodeme properties to realistic jumping contexts as well as the importance of considering the effect of muscle dynamics and behavioural constraints on energy storage in muscle–spring systems.
Data from: The rediscovery of a long described species reveals additional complexity in speciation patterns of poeciliid fishes in sulfide springs
The process of ecological speciation drives the evolution of locally adapted and reproductively isolated populations in response to divergent natural selection. In Southern Mexico, several lineages of the freshwater fish species of the genus Poecilia have independently colonized toxic, hydrogen sulfide-rich springs. Even though ecological speciation processes are increasingly well understood in this system, aligning the taxonomy of these fish with evolutionary processes has lagged behind. While some sulfide spring populations are classified as ecotypes of Poecilia mexicana, others, like P. sulphuraria, have been described as highly endemic species. Our study particularly focused on elucidating the taxonomy of the long described sulfide spring endemic, Poecilia thermalis Steindachner 1863, and investigates if similar evolutionary patterns of phenotypic trait divergence and reproductive isolation are present as observed in other sulfidic species of Poecilia. We applied a geometric morphometric approach to assess body shape similarity to other sulfidic and non-sulfidic fish of the genus Poecilia. We also conducted phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to establish the phylogenetic relationships of P. thermalis and used a population genetic approach to determine levels of gene flow among Poecilia from sulfidic and non-sulfidic sites. Our results indicate that P. thermalis' body shape has evolved in convergence with other sulfide spring populations in the genus. Phylogenetic analyses placed P. thermalis as most closely related to one population of P. sulphuraria, and population genetic analyses demonstrated that P. thermalis is genetically isolated from both P. mexicana ecotypes and P. sulphuraria. Based on these findings, we make taxonomic recommendations for P. thermalis. Overall, our study verifies the role of hydrogen sulfide as a main factor shaping convergent, phenotypic evolution and the emergence of reproductive isolation between Poecilia populations residing in adjacent sulfidic and non-sulfidic environments.
77-47-Q371 Russell Creek Point, Hot Springs
Russell Creek Point, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-Q371 Okada excavations HHQ, Level 4-10s Hot Springs 1B/C. 1600-1300 BCE. Also found at Russell Creek Site in Cold Bay, and at Cape Denbigh. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-U206 End Blade Base, Hot Springs Village
End Blade Base, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-U206 Okada excavations HHU, Level 6. Hot Springs 1C. 1300-1000 BCE. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
HHJ4 Ivory Seal Carving, Hot Springs Village, AK
Ivory Carving of Seal, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska. CAT# HHJ4-70 Okada Excavations, HHJ4. Likely Dated 500-850 CE. Provenience uncertain The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-Q115 Burnishing Tool, Hot Springs Village
Burnishing Tool or Light Wedge, Caribou metapodial, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-Q115 Okada excavations HHQ, Level 3-3 Hot Springs 1C. 1300-1000 BCE The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
U2 Ivory Figurine, Hot Springs Village, AK
Ivory Figurine. Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska. Okada Excavations, HHU2, Level 5-2, Dated 600-800 CE. CAT# HHU2-734 The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-U265 Biface, Hot Springs Village
Biface, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-U265 Okada excavations HHU, Level 4B. Hot Springs 2B. 500-800 CE. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Camps possible spring collection point
Vertical standing stone doesn't show up 📍 [55.48443, -3.56550](https://scaniver.se/L55.48443,-3.56550) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-T260 Ivory Artifact, Hot Springs Village
Ivory Artifact, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-T260 Okada excavations HHT, Level 5C. Hot Springs 1B. 1600-1300 BCE. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Sa Mor Thong Hot Spring (น้ำพุร้อนสมอทอง)
Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-Q60 Fishing Weight. Hot Springs Village,
Small Notch Stone, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-Q60 Okada excavations HHQ, Level 1-4,. House A. Hot Springs 2B 500-850 CE Fishing Weight. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
HH01-7a Net Weight, Hot Springs Village
Net Weight, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# HHO1-7a Okada excavations HHO, House 1. Hot Springs 3. 1300-1400 CE. Everything with a HHO designation is from the 1972 excavations in the Highland House, a single stratigraphic unit separate from the rest of the site. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-T41 Biface, Hot Springs Village
Biface. Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-T41 Okada excavations HHT, Level 3A. Hot Springs 1B. 1600-1300 BCE The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
77-47-T188 Decorated Bone, Hot Springs Village
Modified Caribou Bone, Decorated. Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-T188 Okada excavations HHT, Level 5B. Hot Springs 1B. 1600-1300 BCE. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fixed Harpoon, Hot Springs Village 2-21.1.6
Fixed Harpoon, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 2-21.1.6 Likely Hot Springs 1A 2000-1600 CE 1960 Japanese excavations. Described in Workman (1966) Arctic Anthropology, 3(2):132-153, and Maschner (2004) AJA 2(1-2):100-116. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, 1204020, 1139266, 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.