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1,708 results for “young adults”
Data from: Gaze-contingent reinforcement learning reveals incentive value of social signals in young children and adults
While numerous studies have demonstrated that infants and adults preferentially orient to social stimuli, it remains unclear as to what drives such preferential orienting. It has been suggested that the learned association between social cues and subsequent reward delivery might shape such social orienting. Using a novel, spontaneous indication of reinforcement learning (with the use of a gaze contingent reward-learning task), we investigated whether children and adults' orienting towards social and non-social visual cues can be elicited by the association between participants' visual attention and a rewarding outcome. Critically, we assessed whether the engaging nature of the social cues influences the process of reinforcement learning. Both children and adults learned to orient more often to the visual cues associated with reward delivery, demonstrating that cue–reward association reinforced visual orienting. More importantly, when the reward-predictive cue was social and engaging, both children and adults learned the cue–reward association faster and more efficiently than when the reward-predictive cue was social but non-engaging. These new findings indicate that social engaging cues have a positive incentive value. This could possibly be because they usually coincide with positive outcomes in real life, which could partly drive the development of social orienting.
Data from: Muscle-tendon unit length changes differ between young and adult sprinters in first stance phase of sprint running
The aim of this study was to compare young and adult sprinters on several biomechanical parameters that were previously highlighted as performance-related and to determine the behaviour of several muscle-tendon units (MTU) in the first stance phase following a block start in sprint running. The ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematic data were collected from 16 adult and 21 young well-trained sprinters. No difference between the groups was found in some of the previously-highlighted performance-related parameters (ankle joint stiffness, the range of dorsiflexion and plantar flexor moment). Interestingly, the young sprinters showed a greater maximal and mean ratio of horizontal to total GRF, which was mainly attributed to a greater horizontal GRF relative to body mass and resulted in a greater change in horizontal centre of mass (COM) velocity during the stance phase in the young compared to the adult sprinters.. Results from the MTU length analyses showed that adult sprinters had more MTU shortening and higher maximal MTU shortening velocities in all plantar flexors and the rectus femoris. Although previously-highlighted performance-related parameters could not explain the greater 100 m sprinting times in the adult sprinters, differences were found in the behaviour of the MTU of the plantar flexors and rectus femoris during the first stance phase. The pattern of length changes in these MTUs provide ideal conditions for the use of elastic energy storage and release for power enhancement.
Supplemental data from: Global differences in risk factors, etiology and outcome of ischemic stroke in young adults
<p><b>Objective: </b>To study the global distribution of risk factors, causes and 3-month mortality of young ischemic stroke patients, by performing a patient data meta-analysis form different cohorts worldwide. </p> <p><b>Methods: </b>We did a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies which included consecutive ischemic stroke patients aged 18-50 years. We studied differences in prevalence of risk factors and causes between different ethnic groups, geographic regions and countries with different income levels. We investigated differences in 3-month mortality by mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We included 17,663 patients from 32 cohorts in 29 countries. Hypertension and diabetes were most prevalent in Blacks (hypertension, 52.1%; diabetes, 20.7%) and Asians (hypertension 46.1%, diabetes, 20.9%). Large vessel atherosclerosis and small vessel disease were more often cause of stroke in high-income countries (HICs; both p<0.001), whereas ''other determined stroke'' and ''undetermined stroke'' were higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs; both p<0.001). Patients in LMICs were younger, had less vascular risk factors, and despite this, more often died within 3 months than those from HICs (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42-4.36).</p> <p><b>Conclusion: </b>The ethnic and regional differences in risk factors and causes of stroke at young age provide an understanding of ethnic and regional differences in incidence of ischemic stroke. Our results also visualize the dissimilarities in outcome after stroke in young adults that exist between LMICs and HICs, which should serve as a call to action to improve healthcare facilities in LMICs.</p>
Result of the correlation between plasma homocysteine and ischemic heart disease in young adult
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A longitudinal MRI dataset of young adult C57BL6J mouse brain
<p>This dataset contains 101 labeled young adult C57BL6J mouse brain MRI scans acquired with a 11.7T MR scanner. As part of the source domain data of Brain Extraction Net (BEN), specific analysis and usage are provided at <a href="https://github.com/yu02019/BEN">github</a> and in the <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.25.492956v2.abstract">manuscript</a>.</p> <p>Since T2WI is the most commonly used modality for rodent brain imaging and we have accumulated extensive brain scans with high-quality annotations in our previous research studies, we first trained the model on the Mouse-T2WI-11.7T dataset, which served as the source-domain dataset, following the conventional fully supervised training strategy.</p> <p>In particular, we focus on the following features:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Transferability and flexibility</strong>: BEN can adapt to different species, modalities and platforms through its adaptive batch normalization module and semi-supervised learning module.</li> <li><strong>Automatic quality assessment</strong>: Unlike traditional toolboxes, which rely on manual inspection to assess the brain extraction quality, BEN incorporates a quality assessment module to automatically evaluate its brain extraction performance.</li> <li><strong>Speed</strong>: As a DL-based method, BEN can process an MRI volume faster (<1 second) than traditional toolboxes (several minutes or longer).</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Children and young adults with epilepsy exhibit an interictal autonomic dysfunction: a prospective exploratory study
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Data set: Comparison of the predictive capacity of the erotophobia-erotophilia and the attitudes toward sexual behaviors in the sexual experience of young adults
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Structural and functional connectome from 70 young healthy adults
<p><strong><em>Data Acquisition</em></strong></p> <p>Informed written consent in accordance with institutional guidelines (protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of the Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, #82/14, #382/11, #26.4.2005) was obtained for all subjects. Data provided are fully anonymized. A total of 70 healthy participants (age 28.8 +- 9.1 years, 27 females) were scanned in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner (Trio, Siemens Medical, Germany) using a 32-channel head-coil. The session protocol was comprised of (1) a magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence sensitive to white/gray matter contrast (1-mm in-plane resolution, 1.2-mm slice thickness), (2) a DSI sequence (128 diffusion-weighted volumes and a single b0 volume, maximum b-value 8,000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>, 2.2x2.2x3.0 mm voxel size), and (3) a gradient echo EPI sequence sensitive to BOLD contrast (3.3-mm in-plane resolution and slice thickness with a 0.3-mm gap, TR 1,920 ms, resulting in 280 images per participant). During the fMRI scan, participants were not engaged in any overt task, and the scan was treated as eyes-open resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI).</p> <p><strong><em>Data Pre-processing </em></strong></p> <p>Initial signal processing of all MPRAGE, DSI, and rs-fMRI data was performed using the Connectome Mapper pipeline (Daducci<em> et al.</em>, 2012). Gray and white matter were segmented from the MPRAGE volume using freesurfer (Desikan<em> et al.</em>, 2006) and parcellated into 83 cortical and subcortical areas. The parcels were then further subdivided into 129, 234, 463 and 1015 approximately equally sized parcels according to the Lausanne anatomical atlas following the method proposed by (Cammoun<em> et al.</em>, 2012).</p> <p>DSI data were reconstructed following the protocol described by (Wedeen<em> et al.</em>, 2005), allowing us to estimate multiple diffusion directions per voxel. The diffusion probability density function was reconstructed as the discrete 3D Fourier transform of the signal modulus. The orientation distribution function (ODF) was calculated as the radial summation of the normalized 3D probability distribution function. Thus, the ODF is defined on a discrete sphere and captures the diffusion intensity in every direction.</p> <p><strong><em>Structural Connectivity</em></strong></p> <p>Structural connectivity matrices were estimated for individual participants using deterministic streamline tractography on reconstructed DSI data, initiating 32 streamline propagations per diffusion direction, per white matter voxel (Wedeen<em> et al.</em>, 2008). Within each voxel, the starting points were spatially random. For each starting point, a fiber streamline was grown in two opposite directions with a fixed step of 1 mm. Once the fiber entered a new voxel, the fiber growth continued along the ODF maximum direction that produces the least curvature for the fiber (i.e., was most similar to the trajectory of the fiber to that point). Fibers were stopped if the change in direction was greater than 60 degrees/mm. The process was complete when both ends of the fiber left the white matter mask. Structural connectivity between pairs of regions was measured in terms of fiber density, defined as the number of streamlines between the two regions, normalized by the average length of the streamlines and average surface area of the two regions (Hagmann<em> et al.</em>, 2008). The goal of this normalization was to compensate for the bias toward longer fibers inherent in the tractography procedure, as well as differences in region size.</p> <p><strong><em>Functional Connectivity</em></strong></p> <p>Functional data were pre-processed using routines designed to facilitate subsequent network exploration (Murphy<em> et al.</em>, 2009; Power<em> et al.</em>, 2012). fMRI volumes were corrected for physiological variables, including regression of white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, as well as motion (three translations and three rotations, estimated by rigid body co-registration). BOLD time series were then subjected to a lowpass filter (temporal Gaussian filter with full width half maximum equal to 1.92 s). The first four time points were excluded from subsequent analysis to allow the time series to stabilize. Motion ‘‘scrubbing’’ was performed as described by (Power<em> et al.</em>, 2012). A group-average functional connectivity matrix was constructed from the fMRI BOLD time series by concatenating the regional time series from all participants and estimating a single correlation matrix. To threshold this matrix, we sampled at random 276 points from the concatenated times series and calculated a full correlation matrix from these points. We repeated this analysis 1,000 times. From these bootstrapped samples, we estimated confidence intervals for the correlation magnitude between every pair of brain regions. Pairs whose correlation was consistently positive or negative across the 1,000 samples were retained (along with the sign and weight of the correlation) as putative functional connections.</p>
A Dyadic Intervention for Young Adult Patients With Cancer and Their Partner Caregivers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06172907. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Pilot Feasibility Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05740839. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluating Anti-Tobacco Message Effectiveness Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05393869. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Mindful Self-Compassion Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06409975. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study of How Proton Beam Radiotherapy (PBRT) Affects Brain Function and Quality of Life in Children and Young Adults Undergoing Treatment for a Brain Tumor
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05288439. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
AI-Generated WhatsApp Reminders vs. No Reminders: Impact on Oral Health in Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06897033. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 0. Publications: 15.
Clinical and Neurobiological Effects of Cannabis Dependence in Young Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00656487. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Project RESIST: Evaluating the Effects of Anti-smoking Inoculation Messages Among Young Adult Sexual Minority Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05499520. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Study to Describe the Safety Profile and Compare the Immune Response of 4 Different Formulations of an Investigational Tdap Vaccine When Compared to Licensed Tdap Vaccine in Young Adults in Canada
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03958799. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Dose Confirmation and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pegcrisantaspase Administered as Intravenous (IV) Infusion in Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) /Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02257684. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
PREVALENCE OF WHITE SPOT LESIONS IN ENAMEL AFTER ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06882304. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Developing an Online Mindfulness-based Intervention to Reduce Minority Stress and HIV Risk Among Young Adult MSM
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05540652. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.