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Fig. 23 in Redescription of the type species of Odontostilbe Cope, 1870 (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae), and description of three new species from the Amazon basin

Fig. 23. Pectoral-fin length as a function of standard length for males versus unsexed specimens of Odontostilbe nareuda.

Fig. 20 in Redescription of the type species of Odontostilbe Cope, 1870 (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae), and description of three new species from the Amazon basin

Fig. 20. Anal-fin base as a function of standard length for males, females and unsexed specimens of Odontostilbe fugitiva against Odontostilbe nareuda.

Fig. 4 in Redescription of the type species of Odontostilbe Cope, 1870 (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae), and description of three new species from the Amazon basin

Fig. 4. Odontostilbe fugitiva from lower río Ucayali drainage. Photo by William Crampton (Ucamara Project).

Fig 21 in Redescription of the type species of Odontostilbe Cope, 1870 (Teleostei: Characidae: Cheirodontinae), and description of three new species from the Amazon basin

Fig 21. Dentition of Odontostilbe nareuda, FMNH 106433, male 31.6 mm SL. SEM photograph of left side premaxilla (top), maxilla (middle), and dentary (bottom).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2004View details →

Fig. 2 in Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the central Amazon floodplain

Fig. 2. Relative importance of food categories in supporting the community's biomass of fish species inhabiting a floodplain lake (lago do Rei) in Central Amazonia in the two seasons.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2004View details →

Fig. 3 in Food resource partitioning in a fish community of the central Amazon floodplain

Fig. 3. Distribution of overlaps values between diets of fish species inhabiting a floodplain lake (lago do Rei) in Central Amazonia. a: whole community all seasons (74 species); b: generalist species all seasons (27 species); and c: seasonal differences (23 species).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2004View details →

Fig. 2 in Rivulus kirovskyi, a new killifish from the central Amazon, Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic representation of the frontal squamation pattern. a: Rivulus kirovskyi, holotype, UFRJ 5935, male, 20.3 mm SL; Brazil: Amazonas: Manaus; b: Rivulus santensis, UFRJ 123, male, 38.5 mm SL; Brazil: São Paulo: Bertioga.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2003View details →

Fig. 1 in Record of cleaning behavior by Platydoras costatus (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil

Fig. 1. Two juvenile catfish Platydoras costatus, one mouthing at the head of piscivorous erythrinid Hoplias malabaricus, and other poised under a submerged trunk in stream bottom.

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Admixture may be extensive among hyperdominant Amazon rainforest tree species

Admixture is a mechanism by which species of long-lived plants may acquire novel alleles. However, the potential role of admixture in the origin and maintenance of tropical plant diversity is unclear. We ask whether admixture occurs in an ecologically important clade of Eschweilera (Parvifolia clade, Lecythidaceae), which includes some of the most widespread and abundant tree species in Amazonian forests. Using target capture sequencing, we conducted a detailed phylogenomic investigation of 33 species in the Parvifolia clade and investigated specific hypotheses of admixture within a robust phylogenetic framework. We assembled target loci from raw sequence reads, conducted tree-based paralog trimming, and estimated species trees using maximum likelihood approaches. In addition, we called single nucleotide polymorphisms for members of the Parvifolia clade and used a Bayesian clustering approach to estimate the ancestry of individuals. We distinguished between population structure and evidence of admixture using a test based on rooted gene trees. We also investigated overlap in geographical range, phenology, and morphology of species, including those we found to admix. We found strong evidence of admixture among three ecologically dominant species, E. coriacea, E. wachenheimii and E. parviflora, but a lack of evidence for admixture among other lineages. Accepted species were largely distinguishable from one another, as was geographic structure within species. We show that hybridization may play a role in the evolution of the most widespread and ecologically variable Amazonian tree species. While admixture occurs among some species of Eschweilera, it has not led to widespread erosion of most species' genetic or morphological identities. Therefore, current morphological based species circumscriptions appear to provide a useful characterization of the clade's lineage diversity.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

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Is Poaceae pollen size a useful proxy in palaeoecological studies? New insights from a Poaceae pollen morphological study in the Amazon

Aim: Grasslands occupy around 40% of the Earth's land surface and can be regarded as the most common vegetation type in the world, with Poaceae being the most widespread angiosperm family of all. Poaceae pollen size has previously been suggested as a proxy to reconstruct the past vegetation and climates in the Amazon area, but it is still controversial if this variable indeed can be used in broader spatial and deep-time scales. Here we set out to perform a comprehensive assessment and test the robustness of this proxy. Location: Amazon drainage basin (ADB). Taxon: Poaceae. Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven specimens from 58 species (non-crops) across the Poaceae phylogeny from the Amazon drainage basin (ADB) were prepared for pollen grain size analyses, in order to explore their relationship with abiotic and biotic variables (vegetation type, soil composition, climate conditions, photosynthetic pathway, and genome size). Phylogenetic generalized least squares (P-GLS) model and linear mixed models (LMM) were applied to assess the proxy. Results: Our measurement data show that Poaceae pollen size presents a very wide range (18.77 - 71.62 μm), not only at the genus and species levels but also within species. There is no obvious relationship between pollen size and the explanatory variables considered here, however. Main conclusion: Poaceae (non-crop) pollen size does not respond to explanatory variables, and therefore cannot as a useful proxy to reconstruct past vegetation and climate.

FIG. 1. — Ptiloneura castroi n in The genus Ptiloneura Enderlein, 1901 (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) in the Brazilian Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest: new species, variations in forewings and a key to the species

FIG. 1. — Ptiloneura castroi n. sp., holotype: A, front view of head; B, right forewing; C, right hindwing; D, lacinia; E, hypandrium; F, phallosome; G, left paraproct and epiproct. Abbreviations: aes, anterior endophallic sclerites; ep, external parameres; ms, mesal sclerite; msp, mesal sclerite processes; ples, postero-lateral endophallic sclerites. Scale bars: A, D-G, 0.1 mm; B, C, 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in The genus Ptiloneura Enderlein, 1901 (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) in the Brazilian Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest: new species, variations in forewings and a key to the species

FIG. 3. — Variation of forewing venation in Ptiloneura baiana (Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael, 2018): A, right forewing with zoom on crossvein between A2 and wing margin of female holotype (Silva-Neto et al. 2018a); B, right forewing of male specimen B of Silva-Neto et al. 2021; C, left forewing of male specimen B of Silva-Neto et al. 2021; D, right forewing of male with zoom at the spur vein; E, left forewing of male. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 2. — Ptiloneura leonardoi n in The genus Ptiloneura Enderlein, 1901 (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Ptiloneuridae) in the Brazilian Amazon Forest and Atlantic Forest: new species, variations in forewings and a key to the species

FIG. 2. — Ptiloneura leonardoi n. sp. holotype: A, front view of head; B, right forewing; C, right hindwing; D, left forewing; E, left hindwing; F, phallosome; G, hypandrium; H, left paraproct and epiproct. Abbreviations: aes, anterior endophallic sclerites; ep, external parameres; les, lateral endophallic sclerites; ms, mesal sclerite; msp, mesal sclerite processes; pes, posterior endophallic sclerites; st, side struts. Scale bars: A, F-H, 0.1 mm; B-E, 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Data for: Changes in evapotranspiration, transpiration and evaporation across natural and managed landscapes in the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal biomes

This dataset contains measurements of evapotranspiration and other meteorological variables (net radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, etc) from nine eddy covariance towers located in different ecosystems in the Amazon (natural Amazon forest, cropland and pastureland), Cerrado (natural savannah, irrigated and rainfed croplands) and Pantanal (natural forest, pastureland) biomes. It also contains estimates of transpiration that were calculated using two different approaches, the transpiration estimation algorithm (TEA) and the underlying water use efficiency method (uWUE).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

IoT Forensic Analysis: a Family of Experiments with Amazon Echo Devices (ISP diagrams and Teardown videos)

The two zip files (i.e., ISP Diagrams.zip and Teardown videos.zip) contain the ISP diagrams and teardown videos of the Amazon Echo Show IoT devices used in the experiment that we report in our research paper titled "IoT Forensic Analysis: a Family of Experiments with Amazon Echo Devices."

Conversion from forest to agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon from 1985 to 2021

This file collection contains data with conversion length from forests to agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon, from 1985 to 2021. Calculations were based in the MapBiomas thematic maps. More information can be found in the repository website (<a href="https://github.com/hugotseixas/forest-agri-conversion/tree/3.0.0">https://github.com/hugotseixas/forest-agri-conversion/tree/3.0.0</a>). The collection is composed of six sets of data: c_raster_mosaic: raster files of the Amazon biome with values of conversions; c_raster_tiles: raster files of smaller raster tiles, with values of conversions; c_tabular_dataset: a group of tables that contains data about conversions; figures: data to create figures of the manuscript; raw_raster_tiles: raster files of smaller raster tiles with land use and land cover classification data from MapBiomas; validation: data used to performed validation of the conversion results.

Fig. 19 in A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin

Fig. 19. Parsimony-based morphological character optimization over molecular phylogenetic tree of sampled species of Tropidophiidae Brongersma, 1951, as inferred with YBYRÁ software, and occurrence of species in South America and the West Indies. Left: Nodes are labeled with unambiguously optimized morphological synapomorphic characters (black square = unique, non-homoplastic; red square = nonunique, homoplastic; blue square = unique, homoplastic; character number = value below or above squares; derived character-states = value inside squares). Right: Geographic distribution of sampled terminals of Tropidophiidae.

Fig. 18 in A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin

Fig. 18. Habitat and geographic range of Tropidophis cacuangoae sp. nov. A. Overview of Eastern Piedmont Evergreen Forest habitat. B. Collection site of T. cacuangoae sp. nov. paratype (DHMECN 15893). C. Geographic distribution of T. cacuangoae sp. nov. in Ecuador.

Fig. 14 in A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin

Fig. 14. Dorsal view of Tropidophis taczanowskyi (Steindachner, 1880) from Ecuador. Notice its conspicuously keeled dorsal scales and dorsolateral stripes. Photograph credit: Alejandro Arteaga.

Fig. 15 in A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin

Fig. 15. Lectotype of Tropidophis taczanowskyi (Steindachner, 1880) (NMW 14858) from Tambillo, Peru. Note its conspicuous keeled dorsal scales and striped dorsolateral pattern. Photograph credit: Georg Gassner.