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Fig. 10. Filistatid morphology. A in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 10. Filistatid morphology. A. Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775), ♀, leg tarsus, arrow points to macrosetae. B. Pritha nana (Simon, 1968), arrow points to right calamistrum. C. Sahastata aravaensis Ganem et al., 2022, left calamistrum. D. Zaitunia schmitzi Kulczyński, 1911, left calamistrum, arrow points to gap between setae. E. Filistata insidiatrix, left calamistrum. F. Filistata lubinae Zonstein & Marusik, 2019, ♂, tarsus I. G. Sahastata aravaensis, ♀. H. Pritha IFMsp185, ♀. I. Pritha sp., male abdomen, dorsal view. J. Zaitunia schmitzi, ♂. K. Zaitunia schmitzi, spermathecae ventral view. L. Pritha tenuispina (Strand, 1914), ♂, left pedipalp, prolateral view, arrow points to cymbium. M. Filistata lubinae, left copulatory bulb, prolateral view. N. Zaitunia schmitzi, ♂, left pedipalp, prolateral view, arrow points to cymbium. O. Filistata albens Zonstein & Marusik, 2019, left copulatory bulb, prolateral view. P. Zaitunia schmitzi, male clypeus, lateral view, arrow points to stout setae. Q. Filistata insidiatrix, female clypeus, lateral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 2 in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes of different species of Filistata Latreille, 1810 inferred under maximum likelihood. Numbers below branches are bootstrap supports. The histogram shows the distribution of pairwise Kimura two-parameter genetic distances within and between F. insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) and F. betarif sp. nov. (for pairwise distances of other species, see Table 2). Note that some intraspecific genetic distances within F. insidiatrix are larger than interspecific distances between F. insidiatrix and F. betarif sp. nov., denoting a lack of a barcode gap in this group, or cryptic species within F. insidiatrix.

Fig. 8. A–G in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 8. A–G. Filistata betarif sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (HUJ -INVAr 21058), left pedipalp. A–B, E. Prolateral view. Arrow points to prolateral strong setae in cymbium. C, F–G. Retrolateral view. Arrow points to embolic keel. D. Dorsal view. — H. Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (MACN-Ar 39461), bulb, retrolateral view. Arrow points to embolic keel. Scale bars: A–F = 0.2 mm; G–H = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 9 in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 9. Filistata betarif sp. nov., female spermathecae, ventral. A. Oah cave (HUJ-INVAr 21055). B. Tinshemet cave (MACN-Ar 41222). C–D. Tinshemet cave (MACN-Ar 41791). Scale bars: A–C = 0.2 mm; D = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 4. Distribution maps. A in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 4. Distribution maps. A. Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean and Middle East (note the species has been recorded from Angola, Venezuela and the islands of Socotra, Azores and Cabo Verde, but these records seem to be introduced); literature records have been taken from Benoit (1968), Brignoli (1982), Marusik & Zonstein (2014), Marusik & Zamani (2015a) and Zonstein & Marusik (2019). B. Filistata insidiatrix (circles) and F. betarif sp. nov. (star) in Israel and Palestine; only specimens examined by us are included in the map. Darker shades of orange are records that include at least one male specimen. C. Other species of Filistata Latreille, 1810 in Israel (except F. insidiatrix).

Fig. 7 in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 7. Filistata betarif sp. nov., habitus. A–C. Holotype, ♂, from Tinshemet cave (HUJ -INVAr 21058). A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Ventral view. — D–F. Paratype, ♀, from the same locality (MACN-Ar 41222). D. Lateral view. E. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. A, C, E in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 5. A, C, E. Filistata betarif sp. nov., paratype, ♂, from Israel, Tinshemet cave, (MACN-Ar 41793), left pedipalp. B, D, F. Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775), ♂, from Spain, Mallorca (MACN-Ar 42347), right pedipalp, mirrored. A–B. Prolateral view. C–D. Dorsal view. E–F. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: k = embolic keel; ps = prolateral setae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1. A–B in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 1. A–B. Habitat and webs of Filistata betarif sp. nov. in Tinshemet cave. C. Paratype male in life (MACN-Ar 41793). D. Surroundings of Tinshemet cave. Note the entrance to the cave at the right side of the picture. Photos A–B by Shlomi Aharon and C–D by Ivan L.F. Magalhaes.

Fig. 3. A–G. Endogynes Filistata Latreille, 1810, ventral view. A in A new semi-cryptic Filistata from caves in the Levant with comments on the limits of Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) (Arachnida: Araneae: Filistatidae)

Fig. 3. A–G. Endogynes Filistata Latreille, 1810, ventral view. A. Filistata wunderlichi Zonstein & Marusik, 2019 from Spain, Boca de los Frailes (CRBA IFM-2197). B. Filistata IFMsp191 from Israel, Odem (MACN-Ar 41262). C. Filistata insidiatrix (Forsskål, 1775) from France, Gonfaron (MACN-Ar 39461). D. Filistata insidiatrix from Israel, Beriniki (HUJ-INVAr 21052). E. Filistata betarif sp. nov. from Israel, Oah cave (HUJ-INVAr 21055). F. Filistata betarif sp. nov. from Israel, Tinshemet cave (MACN-Ar 41222). G. Filistata IFMsp99 (subadult ♀?) from Palestine, En Fashkha (HUJ-INVAr 20277). — H–I. ♂♂, left pedipalp, prolateral. H. Filistata betarif sp. nov., holotype from Israel, Tinshemet cave (HUJ -INVAr 21058). I. Filistata insidiatrix from Spain, Mallorca (MACN-Ar 42346). Scale bar = 0.1 mm, all figures to scale. Colours correspond to clades in Fig. 2.

Fig. 20. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Penis. A. Lateral view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Dorsal view. E–K. Glans. E. Ventrolateral view. F–G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I–J. Lateral view. K. Dorsolateral view. A–B, E–F, J–K in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 20. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Penis. A. Lateral view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Dorsal view. E–K. Glans. E. Ventrolateral view. F–G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I–J. Lateral view. K. Dorsolateral view. A–B, E–F, J–K (CJM 2649). D, G–H (ZUPV 1112). C, I (ZUPV 941). Scale bar: A–D = 0.5 mm; E–K = 50 μm.

Fig. 18. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Pic d in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 18. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Pic d'Orhy, Larrau, France, 15 Oct. 2019. A. Male. B. Female. Photos Axel Schönhofer.

Fig. 17. A in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 17. A. Habitat of D. gallaecicus sp. nov. at the type location, O Grove, Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain). Photo H. Wijnhoven. B. Habitat of D. pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948 on Pic d'Orhy in the French Pyrenees. Photo A. Schönhofer.

Fig. 21 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 21. Map of the Pyrenean region with the distribution of Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948 (red symbols) and Dicranopalpus catariegensis sp. nov. (blue symbols). Dots, studied samples; squares, literature records. Type localities are indicated by a black spot. The two French sites indicated by '?' were recorded by Dresco (1948) as D. pyrenaeus; the Spanish '?' was recorded by Bellés (1978) as Dicranopalpus sp. (martini?).

Fig. 16 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 16. Dicranopalpus gallaecicus sp. nov. (holotype, CHW 491). Penis. A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view. C–F. Glans. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Dorsolateral view. F. Lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–F = 50 μm.

Fig. 13 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 13. Map of the northwestern part of the Iberian Peninsula with the known distribution of Dicranopalpus gallaecicus sp. nov. (red symbols) and Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 (blue symbols). Dots: studied samples; squares: literature records; diamonds, photographic records. Type localities are indicated by a black spot.

Fig. 12. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 12. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 (ZUPV 4542). Penis. A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view. C–G. Glans. C. Dorsal view. D. Slightly dorsolateral view. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsolateral view. G. Lateral view. Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–G = 50 μm.

Fig. 11. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 11. Dicranopalpus cantabricus Dresco, 1953 (ZUPV 4542). Right pedipalp. A–C. Male. D– E. Female. A, D. Median view. B. Claw. C, E. Dorsal view of patella and tibia. Scale bars: A, C–E = 0.5 mm; B = 50 μm.

Fig. 10 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 10. Distribution of Dicranopalpus insignipalpis (Simon, 1879) on Corsica. The black spot indicates the provenance of the specimens used in the redescription here.

Fig. 9. Females. A in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 9. Females. A. Dicranopalpus gallaecicus sp. nov., distal part of ovipositor with seminal receptacles. B–F. Seminal receptacles (C–E left side).B. D. insignipalpis (Simon, 1879) (CHW 474). C. D. gallaecicus sp. nov. (CHW 492). D. D. cantabricus Dresco, 1953 (ZUPV 4542). E. D. pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948 (CJM 2649). F. D. catariegensis sp. nov. (CHW 467). Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–F = 50 μm.

Fig. 8 in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)

Fig. 8. Dicranopalpus insignipalpis (Simon, 1879). Penis. A. Ventral view. B. Lateral view, with frontal view of torn off basal portion of extrinsic penial muscle tendon. C. Ventral view of glans. D–E. Dorsal view of glans. F. Ventrolateral view of glans. G, H. Lateral view of glans. I. Dorsolateral view of glans. A–D, F, H. (CHW 474); E, G, I. (CJM 7258). Scale bars: A–B = 0.5 mm; C–I = 50 μm.