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5,145 results for “CO₂”
Genomic data, part 1, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past. Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Genomic data, part 2, of "Secondary contact rather than co-existence – Erebia butterflies in the Alps"
<p>Secondary contact zones are ideal systems to study the processes that govern the evolution of reproductive barriers, especially at advanced stages of the speciation process. An increase in reproductive isolation resulting from selection against maladaptive hybrids is thought to contribute to reproductive barrier buildup in secondary contact zones. While such processes have been invoked for many systems, it remains unclear to which extent they influence contact zone dynamics in nature. Here, we study a very narrow contact zone between the butterfly species <em>Erebia</em> <em>cassioides </em>and <em>E.</em> <em>tyndarus</em> in the Swiss Alps. We quantified phenotypic traits related to wing shape and reproduction as well as ecology in order to compare the degree of intra- and interspecific differentiation. Even though only very few first-generation hybrids occur, we find no strong indications for current reinforcing selection, suggesting that if reinforcement occurred in our system, it likely operated in the past.<strong> </strong>Additionally, we show that both species differ less in their ecological niche at the contact zone than elsewhere, which could explain why co-existence between these butterflies may currently not be possible.</p>
Data for "Simulated impact of ocean alkalinity enhancement on atmospheric CO 2 removal in the Bering Sea"
<p>This is accompanying data for a submission to AGU Earth's Future by lead author Hongjie Wang and corresponding author Brendan Carter. This submission primarily contains processed model simulation output. The original model output was generated by Kelly Kearney. Unfortunately, the original model output is requires too much memory to submit in its entirety, so this submission is intended to grant interested readers access to the worked-up fields used to produce the figures and values in the manuscript. Individuals interested in higher-resolution model output are encouraged to contact Kelly Kearney to discuss possible transfer solutions.</p> <p> </p> <p>A data hosting solution for the full simulation is being explored by the Bering10k team, and this description will be updated if a publicly accessible alternative to these processed fields becomes available.</p>
Co-occurrence of antimicrobials and metals in swine manure as potential drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
<p>In many regions of the United States (US) and other countries, animal manures are often agronomically applied to cropland to recycle nutrients. However, aggregated manure wastes commonly contain contaminants including veterinary antimicrobials, heavy metals, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can stimulate the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While the presence of antimicrobials in manure is well-documented, very little has been reported on the co-occurrence of other chemical stressors in swine manure that may stimulate AMR spread in exposed bacteria. This study quantifies and analyzes correlations between antimicrobials, metals, and certain ARGs present in manure samples from swine farms in Iowa, US. Relationships between contaminants and different stages of swine production or feed composition are also investigated. Results revealed notable levels of tetracyclines (up to 1,260 µg g-1 dry weight (d.w.) of manure for oxytetracycline) detected in all samples. Tiamulin, two ionophores (monensin and lasalocid), and one macrolide (tilmicosin) were detected at maximum class concentrations of 9.4, 0.547, and 0.472 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. The median relative abundances of ErmB and TetM were 0.13 and 0.17 copies g-1 wet weight (w.w.) manure (normalized to 16S gene), respectively. Additionally, high levels of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were detected in all samples, with maximum concentrations of 887, 1,900, and 2,100 µg g-1 d.w., respectively. Notably, uranium was detected in 11 samples, at concentrations up to 0.77 µg g-1. A global analysis of AMR-stressor relationships using Spearman's rank correlation indicates Cu, and Ba are the most positively and significantly correlated with anhydrotetracycline (ATC) and/or anhydrochlortetracycline (ACTC) concentrations in all tested facilities (Cu-ATC: ρ = 0.67, p = 0.0093; Cu-ACTC: ρ = 0.75, p = 0.0022; Ba-ATC: ρ = 0.84, p = 0.0002). Interestingly, ermB and tetM genes were strongly, positively correlated to each other (ρ=0.92, p= 0.000), suggesting possible co-selection, despite the absence of correlation between ARGs and tetracycline concentrations. This study demonstrates the complexity of interactions between antimicrobials, metals, and ARGs in multiple manure storage pits prior to cropland application.</p>
People and machines: co creating with heritage collections
<p>Machine-learning technologies such as Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) are beginning to be used to open and transform cultural heritage material, enabling search, discovery and the creation of linked data. Whereas in 2014, Ridge described cultural heritage crowdsourcing projects as asking the public to undertake tasks that cannot be done automatically,1 today, some projects are asking volunteers to undertake tasks which could be completed by a machine with a high level of speed and accuracy. A deeper exploration of the opportunities and challenges presented by increased incorporation of machine-learning technologies into crowdsourcing projects has yet to be undertaken. This workshop was designed to start these discussions.<br> The ‘People and Machines’ interdisciplinary workshop explored the best routes to fuse digital innovations with the dedication and enthusiasm of volunteers through discussion of what makes an effective crowdsourcing task, how to maintain volunteer motivation, and methods of supporting volunteers to produce useful data, both as part of traditional crowdsourcing, and as part of workflows incorporating machine learning.<br> This report uses the term ‘machine learning’ to refer to a range of technical approaches which use statistical models and algorithms to analyse and draw inferences from patterns in data. Machine learning models and algorithms ‘learn’ from the data they are given, and autonomously adapt and improve their accuracy in response. Machine learning, which includes supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and deep learning, is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence.</p>
International comparison of cross-disciplinary integration in industry 4.0: A co-authorship analysis using academic literature databases
<p>In innovation strategy, a type of Schumpeterian competitive strategy in business administration, "intra-individual diversity" has attracted attention as one factor for creating innovation. In this study, we redefine "framework for identifying researchers' areas of expertise" as "a framework for quantifying intra-individual diversity among researchers. Note that diversity here refers to authorship of articles in multiple research fields. The application of this framework then made it possible to visualize organizational diversity by accumulating the intra-individual diversity of researchers and to discuss the innovation strategy of the organization. The analysis in this study discusses how countries are promoting research on the topics of artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, which are at the core of Industry 4.0, from an innovation perspective. Note that Industry 4.0 is a technological framework that aims to "improve the efficiency of all social systems," "create new industries," and "increase intellectual productivity." For the analysis, we used 19-year bibliographic data (2000–2018) from the top 20 countries in terms of the number of papers in AI, big data, and IoT technologies. As the results, this study classified the styles of cross-disciplinary fusion into four patterns in AI and three patterns in big data. This study did not consider the results in IoT because of only small differences between countries. Furthermore, regional differences in the style of cross-disciplinary fusion were also observed, and the global innovation patterns in Industry 4.0 were classified into seven categories. In Europe and North America, the cross-disciplinary integration style was similar to that between the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Italy, Canada, and France. In Asia, the cross-disciplinary fusion style was similar between China, Japan, and South Korea.</p>
Fig. 3 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies
Fig. 3. Distribution of Nosema in bee colonies (Apis mellifera) throughout the Tomsk
Fig. 1 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies
Fig. 1. Dynamics of infestation of bee colonies and apiaries with Nosema spp. in 2012–
Fig. 4 in . Study of Nosema spp. in the Tomsk region, Siberia: co-infection is widespread in honeybee colonies
Fig. 4. Long-term dynamics of infestation of apiaries with different Nosema species in
UAV-based DEM across the Peiku Co-Gyirong Rift normal faults, southernmost Tibetan
<p>These data are the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) topography surveying data (.tif) of several offset fluvial terraces/fans and lake shorelines across the Peiku Co-Gyirong Rift normal faults. The UAV data were acquired by ~100-200-m-high aerial photographs using a DJI (Dajiang Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltd.) Phantom 4 RTK. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEM) were produced by Agisoft Metashape Professional software.</p> <p> </p>
English Electric Co. of Australia, Plan No. 2
This is one of three suspension bridge designs proposed by the English Electric Company of Australia for a Sydney Harbour Bridge. Read the Sydney Harbour Bridge story [here](https://thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au/). *The English Electric Co. of Australia Ltd, Plan No. 2, Sydney Harbour Bridge: Report on Tenders, 1924, TQ028863* [View in the State Library of New South Wales catalogue](http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL6619380&embedded=true&toolbar=false) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Castlekeeran ogham stone, Co. Meath
This ogham stone (H c. 0.6m) was unearthed in the graveyard (ME016-006007-) of the early monastery of Diseart Chiarain (ME016-006----) in 1898 and later set up incorrectly with the top pointing downwards. It is just N of the church remains, and has been read as: COVAGNI MAQI MUCOI LUGUNI (O'Connell 1957, 26; Macalister 1945, vol. 1, 46). However, a more recent interpretation (Herity and Newman Maguire 2012) has identified further letters and provides the reading: T_COVAGNI MAQI MUCOI LUGUNI ITI (http://webgis.archaeology.ie/historicenvironment/, ME016-006006-). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mastodon cranium. Neath Farm, Dane Co., WI
Mastodon (*Mammut americanum*) cranium from Neath Farm locality in Dane Co., WI. UWZP 20000. Scanned in June 2022. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
J. H. Brunell & Co. Telegraph Key
J. H. Brunell & Co. Telegraph Key Patent Date- Feb. 15 1881 Scanned with an Artec Spider and processed in Artec Studio 16, Geomagic Wrap, Zbrush and Xnormal Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mastodon Tibia. Schimelphenig Bog, Dane Co., WI
American mastodon (Mammut americanum) tibia from Schimelphenig Bog, Dane Co., WI. UWZP19580. Scanned June 2022 at the University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
John Fowler & Co Steam Roller No. 16946
Steam Roller by John Fowler & Co, model No. 16946, on exhibit in the Santa Caterina Park in Funchal, Madeira. Created in RealityCapture by Capturing Reality from 103 images in 01h:28m:22s. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
18th C. Dated Stone Killagule, Co. Galway
This stone was discovered in Killaguile Co. Galway. Located in a woodland, along a boundry wall the stone may have come from an 18th cottage or building. The stone is damaged at the start of the inscription but appears to read ?M 1788 followed by ?? MPC 1784. The later date is added before the eariler carving, and may represent the names of people who used the building. The stone may have been a lintel above a window or door. Griffiths Valuation notes that James E. Jackson held the lands in fee in the 1830s (Lands held 'in fee' were freehold tenures, derived from a grant from the Crown.)  The buildings appear on the 1st Edition of the OS Maps, but not later editions, indicating that they were abadoned during the famine, many of the clusters of houses in the areas have since vanished.  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
McClintic Marshall Products Co., Tender D
This is one of five designs proposed by the McClintic Marshall Products Company for a Sydney Harbour Bridge. Their designs incorporated cantilever bridges, suspension bridges and an arch bridge. Read the Sydney Harbour Bridge story [here](https://thebridge.sl.nsw.gov.au/). *McClintic Marshall Products Co., Tender D, Sydney Harbour Bridge: Report On Tenders, 1924, TQ028863* [View in the State Library of New South Wales catalogue](http://digital.sl.nsw.gov.au/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=FL6619389&embedded=true&toolbar=false) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Baltimore Traction Co.
This is all that remains today of the old Baltimore Traction Company cable car powerhouse on Druid Hill Ave. It was built to help transport passengers from "...Druid Hill Park to Patterson Park in 1891 using underground steel cables (similar to the system still operating in San Francisco today). The cables were powered by steam engines in nearby warehouses." -[Maryland Center for History and Culture](https://www.mdhistory.org/lost-city-baltimores-trolleys-trackless-trolleys-and-buses/) Created in RealityCapture from 1391 images taken with a Nikon D750 and drone. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
BIR-MicroED: selected area electron diffraction tilt series datasets used to determine representative structures of biotin, Cu(II)-serine, Zn(II)-methionine, Zn(II)-histidine, and Co(II)-porphyrin
<div> <div> </div> </div> <div> <p>This deposition contains a series zip files each containing electron diffraction datasets in .mrc file format (except for the data collected from Co(II) porphyrin, which are 300 kV data in .tvips file format). Each folder collects data acquired from crystals of a particular compound under the same conditions (electron energy, temperature), where the reduced data from each were merged to determine a single representative structure of the compound by microED. Zip files are named according to the format: <em>"CompoundName</em>_<em>AcceleratingVoltage</em>_<em>Temperature_</em>structuredatasets.zip"</p> <p>Diffraction datasets within each folder are named according to the format: <em>CompoundName</em>_structuretiltseries_<em>AcceleratingVoltage</em>_<em>Temperature</em>_crystal#.mrc (or .tvips).</p> <p>All 200 kV datasets were collected with a rotation speed of 1 degree/second and an effective frame rate of 1 frame/second, with the exception of two Zn(II) methionine datasets collected with a frame rate of 3 frames/second. These are noted by the presence of "3fps" in the file name.</p> <p>All 300 kV datasets were collected with a rotation speed of 0.03 degrees/second and a frame rate of 0.5 frames/second.</p> </div>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.