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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

MultiEURLEX - A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer

The dataset is published with: MultiEURLEX - A multi-lingual and multi-label legal document classification dataset for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. Ilias Chalkidis, Manos Fergadiotis, and Ion Androutsopoulos. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2021. Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Documents: MultiEURLEX comprises 65k EU in 23 official EU languages. Each EU law has been annotated with EUROVOC concepts (labels) by the Publication Office of EU. Each EUROVOC label ID is associated with a Label descriptor, e.g., [60, `agri-foodstuffs'],  [6006, `plant product'], [1115, `fruit']. The descriptors are also available in 23 languages. Chalkidis et al. (2019) published a monolingual (English) version of this dataset, called EURLEX57K, comprising 57k EU laws with the originally assigned gold labels. Languages: MultiEURLEX covers 23 languages from 7 families. EU laws are published in all official EU languages, except for Irish for resource-related reasons (Read more: https://europa.eu/european-union/about-eu/eu-languages_en). This wide coverage makes the dataset a valuable testbed for cross-lingual transfer. All languages use the Latin script, except for Bulgarian (Cyrillic script) and Greek. Multi-granular Labeling: EUROVOC has eight levels of concepts. Each document is assigned one or more concepts (labels). If a document is assigned a concept, the ancestors and descendants of that concept are typically not assigned to the same document. The documents were originally annotated with concepts from levels 3 to 8.  We created three alternative sets of labels per document, by replacing each assigned concept by its ancestor from levels 1, 2, or 3, respectively. Thus, we provide four sets of gold labels per document, one for each of the first three levels of the hierarchy, plus the original sparse label assignment. Supported Tasks: Similarly to EURLEX (Chalkidis et al., 2019), MultiEURLEX can be used for legal topic classification, a multi-label classification task where legal documents need to be assigned concepts (in our case, from EUROVOC) reflecting their topics. Unlike EURLEX57K, however, MultiEURLEX supports labels from three different granularities (EUROVOC levels). More importantly, apart from monolingual (one-to-one) experiments, it can be used to study cross-lingual transfer scenarios, including one-to-many (systems trained in one language and used in other languages with no training data), and many-to-one or many-to-many (systems jointly trained in multiple languages and used in one or more other languages). Data Split and Concept Drift: MultiEURLEX is chronologically split in training (55k, 1958-2010), development (5k, 2010-2012), test (5k, 2012-2016) subsets, using the English documents. The test subset contains the same 5k documents in all 23 languages. The development subset also contains the same 5k documents in 23 languages, except Croatian. Croatia is the most recent EU member (2013); older laws are gradually translated. For the official languages of the seven oldest member countries, the same 55k training documents are available; for the other languages, only a subset of the 55k training documents is available. Compared to EURLEX57K (Chalkidis et al., 2019), MultiEURLEX is not only larger (8k more documents) and multilingual; it is also more challenging, as the chronological split leads to temporal real-world concept drift across the training, development, test subsets, i.e., differences in label distribution and phrasing, representing a realistic temporal generalization problem (Huang and Paul, 2019; Lazaridou et al., 2021). Recently, Søgaard et al. (2021) showed this setup is more realistic, as it does not overestimate real performance, contrary to random splits (Gorman and Bedrick, 2019).

dryad32/100

Temporal variability of microparticles under the Seattle Aquarium, WA: Documenting the global Covid‐19 pandemic

Anthropogenic debris including microparticles (MP; <5mm) are ubiquitous in marine environments. The Salish Sea experiences seasonal fluctuations in precipitation, river discharge, sewage overflow events, and tourism– all variables previously thought to have an impact on MP transport and concentrations. Our goals are two-fold: 1) Describe long-term MP contamination data including concentration, type, and size and 2) Determine if seasonal MP concentrations are dependent on environmental or tourism variables in Elliott Bay, Salish Sea. We sampled 100 L of seawater at depth (~9 m) at the Seattle Aquarium approximately every two weeks 2019 – 2020 and used an oil extraction protocol to separate MP. We found MP concentrations ranged from 0 – 0.64 particles L⁻¹ and fibers were the most common type observed. Microparticle concentration exhibited a breakpoint on April 10, 2020, where estimated slope and associated MP concentration significantly declined. Further, when considering both environmental as well as tourism variables, temporal MP concentration was best described by a mixed-effects model with tourism as the fixed effect and the person counting MP as the random effect. While monitoring efforts presented here set out to identify effects of seasonality and interannual differences in MP concentrations, it instead captured an effect of decreased tourism due to the global Covid-19 pandemic. Long-term monitoring is critical to establish temporal MP concentrations and to help researchers understand if there are certain events, both seasonal and sporadic (e.g. rain events, tourism, or global pandemics), when the marine environment is more at risk from anthropogenic pollution.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

FIGURES 53–60. Leaf mines and adults. 53–55 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 53–60. Leaf mines and adults. 53–55, leaf mines of Coptotriche sp. discovered on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes; 56, 57, novel host plant, Serjania sp., possibly S. grandis Seem. (Sapindaceae); 58, habitat where the leaf mines were found on the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes (Huacapistana, NW of Carpapata, 2900 m); 59, 60, male holotype of C. carmencita Stonis & Diškus, a recently described species (Stonis et al. 2019a) discovered in the Peruvian "selva alta" (Ecological Park Fundo San José, La Merced, Junín Region, Peru, 840–900 m)

FIGURES 35–40 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 35–40. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria yungasi Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 35, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1070; 36, uncus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1034; 37, valvae and vinculum, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1034; 38, phallus, holotype, genitalia slide AD1070; 39, 40, details of capsule, paratype, genitalia slide no. 1034 (ZIN)

FIGURES 11–18 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 11–18. Astrotischeria serjaniphaga Remeikis & Stonis, sp. nov. 11–13, leaf mines on Serjania Mill., possibly S. squarrosa Radlk. (Sapindaceae), Curahuasi, Apurímac Department, central Peru, at an elevation of about 2700 m; 14, 15, male adult, holotype; 16–18 pupal exuviae (NRC)

FIGURES 47–52 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 47–52. Female genitalia of new Astrotischeria species. 47, 48, A. yungasi Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1068; 49, 50, A. mystica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1051; 51, 52, A. parapallens Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1042 (ZIN)

FIGURES 41–46 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 41–46. Male genitalia of Astrotischeria parapallens Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 41, capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1045; 42, dorsal lobes of valvae, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1052; 43, basally connected valvae and vinculum, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1052; 44, apex of phallus, paratype, genitalia slide AD1052; 45, general view of phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. 1046; 46, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1045 (ZIN)

FIGURES 1–6 in Documenting trumpet leaf-miner moths (Tischeriidae): new Neotropical Coptotriche and Astrotischeria species, with notes on Sapindaceae as a host-plant family

FIGURES 1–6. Bionomics of Astrotischeria mystica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 1–3, host plant Verbesina L. (possibly V. plowmanii Sagást.) (Asteraceae), Urubamba Province, Peru, 2180 m; 4–6, leaf mines

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

infográfico sobre digitalização documental

infografico trazendo dados sobre as pesquisas referente a digitalização de documentos

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Emergent Solutions on Requirement Engineering for Agile Software Development: A tertiary study (Auxiliary Documentation in PDF)

[Context and motivation] Agile Software Development (ASD) is a new trend in software development and has become popular. Its advocates claim that ASD is well suited to solving traditional software development problems by valuing human factors over technical ones. However, one of the most critical phases in software development, Requirements Engineering (RE), can be overwhelming for ASD values. [Question/problem] Trying to work with RE in a traditional way for ASD can limit ASD's potential. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what academia and industry have done in RE to exploit all of the capabilities of ASD beyond traditional RE.  [Principal ideas/results] This work presents an overview of the state-of-the-art Requirement Engineering (RE) for Agile Software Development (ASD). We conducted a Tertiary Study in secondary studies published from 1st January 2015 to 30th June 2021, looking for solutions for RE-ASD using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol described by Kitchenham and Charters (2007). After executing the SLR protocol, we accepted 37 out of 169 studies and encountered 136 solutions used by academia and industry for RE-ASD. We considered only a few solutions that could be classified as emergent for RE-ASD, 24 out of 106. Furthermore, we cataloged the challenges presented by the emergent solutions (e.g., a steep learning curve due to the lack of experience, process, or culture) that should be addressed. Finally, we identified a possible gap between academia and industry regarding these emerging solutions that need further investigation.  [Contribution] By highlighting emerging Requirements Engineering (RE) solutions for Agile Software Development (ASD), we made our contribution to help researchers who need to propose new solutions to some of the problems that remain unsolved by pointing out the recent trends for RE for ASD. The repository contains the following: <ul> <li>Auxiliary Documentation in PDF;</li> <li>Dataset from the Tertiary Study - compressed file (refsq2023Complement.zip): <ul> <li> REFSQ2023-ALL-ARTICLES.csv: is a comma-separated file with all 198 (including the duplicates) found in our search in the digital libraries with their respective status (accepted, rejected, or duplicated). </li> <li> REFSQ2023-DISTINCT-SOLUTIONS.csv: is a comma-separated file with all the distinct solutions we found in our research. They are classified according to our classification method, explained in the article. </li> <li> REFSQ2023-GOOGLE-TRENDS-RESULTS.csv: is a comma-separated file with all results of our query in the Google Trends tool. It also brings the used search terms and the code and classification of each solution. </li> </ul> </li> </ul>

Figure 7 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 7. Strict consensus tree of the two most parsimonious trees (tree length = 246, consistency index = 0.44 and retention index = 0.63) resulting from the phylogenetic analysis. Bootstrap support values are indicated next to the internodes. †Extinct taxa.

Figure 5 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 5. Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), leg bones of the holotype (NMS.Z.2021.40.24), in comparison to fossil and extant gaviiforms. A, N. ypresianus, left femur in cranial view. B, left femur of '?Colymboides metzleri' from the early Oligocene of Germany (SMNS 80739/2a) in cranial view; the bone is coated with ammonium chloride, and surrounding matrix was digitally removed. C, Gavia stellata (SMF 7241), left femur in cranial view. D, E, N. ypresianus, proximal portion of right tibiotarsus in cranial (D) and caudal (E) view. F, G, N. ypresianus, distal portion of right tibiotarsus in cranial (F) and distal (G) view. H, Colymbiculus udovichenkoi from the middle Eocene of Ukraine, distal end of left tibiotarsus (SMF Av 589) in cranial view. I, G. stellata (SMF 7241), distal end of

Figure 3 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 3. Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), sternum, pectoral girdle bones and vertebrae of the holotype (NMS.Z.2021.40.24), in comparison to fossil and extant Gaviiformes. A‒D, N. ypresianus, sternum in ventral (A), dorsal (B), left lateral (C) and cranial (D) view. E, F, N. ypresianus, furcula in caudolateral (E) and caudal (F) view. G, H, Gavia stellata (SMF 7241), furcula in caudolateral (G) and caudal (H) view. I, J, N. ypresianus, right coracoid in dorsal (I) and ventral (J) view. K, left coracoid of Colymboides anglicus (holotype, NHMUK A 30330) from the late Eocene of England in dorsal view. L, right coracoid of G. stellata (SMF 7241) in dorsal view. M, N. ypresianus, right scapula in lateral view. N, right scapula of G. stellata (SMF 7241) in lateral view. O, P, N. ypresianus, thoracic (O) and caudal (P) vertebrae. Abbreviations: acr, acromion; apf, apophysis furculae; car, carina sterni; cvx, convexity on medial margin of extremitas sternalis; exo, extremitas omalis; exs, extremitas sternalis; fns, foramen nervi supracoracoidei; pct, processus costales; pla, processus lateralis; plc, pleurocoel; ppc, processus procoracoideus; spe, spina externa; trv, processus transversus. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 2 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 2. Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), quadrate, pterygoid and mandible of the holotype (NMS.Z.2021.40.24) in comparison to extant Gaviidae and Rallidae. A‒E, N. ypresianus, right quadrate in lateral (A), medial (B), caudal (C), cranial (D) and ventral (E) view. F‒J, right quadrate of Gavia stellata (SMF 14210) in lateral (F), medial (G), caudal (H), cranial (I) and ventral (J) view; the arrow in G denotes a detail of the articular surface for the pterygoid. K‒M, N. ypresianus, right pterygoid in dorsal (K), ventral (L) and lateral (M) view. N‒P, right pterygoid of G. stellata (SMF 14210) in dorsal (N), ventral (O) and lateral (P) view. Q, N. ypresianus, rostral half of mandible in dorsal view. R, G. stellata (SMF 14213), mandible in dorsal view. S, Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 (Rallidae; SMF 16019), mandible in dorsal view. Abbreviations: arf, articular facet for pterygoid; cas, concave lateral articular surface of condylus medialis; cdc, condylus caudalis; cdl, condylus lateralis; cdm, condylus medialis; cdp, condylus pterygoideus; cpo, capitulum oticum; cps, capitulum squamosum; cqj, cotyla quadratojugalis; fos, pit-like fossa; orb, processus orbitalis; tsc, tuberculum subcapitulare. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 1. A‒C in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 1. A‒C, The holotype (NMS.Z.2021.40.24) of Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK). A, overview picture of the fossil in 2008, with various bones still in situ. B, condition of the fossil before 2008, based on a photograph from Michael Daniels; note that the right tibiotarsus was not yet fixed to the dorsal surface of the sternum at this time. C, current condition of the specimen, with most bones being removed from the matrix (most preparation work was done by M. Daniels). D, carpometacarpus of the referred specimen (NMS.2021.40.25). Abbreviations: fur, furcula; lfe, left femur; lhu, left humerus; lsc, left scapula; mdb, mandible; rco, right coracoid; rhu, right humerus; rsc, right scapula; rtb, right tibiotarsus; rtm, right tarsometatarsus; ste, sternum. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figure 4 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 4. Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze (Essex, UK), wing bones in comparison to fossil and extant gaviiforms and to Australornis lovei from the late early Palaeocene of New Zealand. Except for X, which is from the referred specimen NMS.2021.40.25, all bones of N. ypresianus are from the holotype (NMS.Z.2021.40.24). A, B, N. ypresianus, right (A) and left (B) humerus in caudal (A) and cranial (B) view; the arrow denotes a detail of the distal end. C, Colymbiculus udovichenkoi from the middle Eocene of Ukraine, left humerus lacking proximal end (SMF Av 545) in cranial view. D, left humerus of Gavia stellata (SMF 7241) in cranial view; the arrow denotes a detail of the distal end. E, Australornis lovei (holotype, CM 2010.108.2), right humerus in caudal view. F‒H, N. ypresianus, left ulna in ventral (F), cranial (G) and dorsal (H) view. I, Colymbiculus udovichenkoi, right ulna (SMF Av 548) in ventral view. J, right ulna of`?Colymboides metzleri' from the early Oligocene of Belgium (IRSNB Av 85) in ventral view. K, L, left ulna of G. stellata (SMF 7241) in ventral (K) and cranial (L) view. M, N, N. ypresianus, proximal (M; cranial view) and distal (N; ventral view) ends of left ulna. O, P, Colymbiculus udovichenkoi, proximal (O; cranial view) and distal (P; ventral view) ends of right ulna (SMF Av 548). Q, R, G. stellata, proximal (Q; cranial view) and distal (R; ventral view) ends of left ulna (SMF 7241). S, N. ypresianus, proximal end of left carpometacarpus in ventral view. T, N. ypresianus, os carpi ulnare. U, N. ypresianus, os carpi radiale. V, G. stellata, os carpi ulnare (SMF 7241). W, G. stellata, os carpi radiale (SMF 4435). X, N. ypresianus, left carpometacarpus of referred specimen (NMS.Z.2021.40.25) in ventral view. Y, right carpometacarpus of '?Colymboides metzleri' from the early Oligocene of Belgium (IRSNB Av 85) in ventral view. Z, left carpometacarpus of G. stellata (SMF 7241) in ventral view. Abbreviations: bcp, crista bicipitalis; cdd, condylus dorsalis; cdp, crista deltopectoralis; cdv, condylus ventralis; ctd, cotyla dorsalis; ctv, cotyla ventralis; flx, processus flexorius; fur, transverse furrow; imc, incisura metacarpalis; ntc, notch for tendon of musculus ulnometacarpalis ventralis; olc, olecranon; oma, os metacarpale alulare; pal, processus alularis; pex, processus extensorius; pis, processus pisiformis; tbc, tuberculum carpale; tbd, tuberculum dorsale; tsv, tuberculum supracondylare ventrale. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 6. A in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 6. A, right foot (dorsal view) of Nasidytes ypresianus gen. et sp. nov. from the early Eocene London Clay of Waltonon-the-Naze (Essex, UK) (NMS.Z.2021.40.24); identification of the pedal phalanges is tentative. B, composite right foot of Gavia stellata in dorsal view (tarsometatarsus: SMF 7241; toes: SMF 2493, left side, mirrored). The digits are numbered. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 8 in Oldest fossil loon documents a pronounced ecomorphological shift in the evolution of gaviiform birds

Figure 8. Summary of phylogenetic interrelationships and stratigraphic occurrences of stem group Gaviiformes and other taxa of Aequornithes; the phylogeny of the extant taxa is based on the studies by Prum et al. (2015) and Kuhl et al. (2021) and differs from the tree topology obtained in the morphology-based analysis performed in the present study. For gaviiform birds, the nodes are characterized by the following characters: (1) hypotarsus with distinct sulci for tendons of musculus flexor hallucis longus and m. flexor perforatus digiti 2; (2) humerus with elongated tuberculum supracondylare ventrale; tibiotarsus with narrow and strongly elongated cristae cnemiales; (3) distal end of ulna with enlarged tuberculum carpale; os metacarpale alulare long and without well-delimited processus extensorius and processus alularis (the carpometacarpus of Colymbiculus is unknown); femur strongly abbreviated and stout; and (4) os carpi ulnare with distinct notch for tendon of musculus ulnometacarpalis ventralis. Stratigraphic occurrences of non-gaviiform Aequornithes (red bars) are from Mayr (2022); the interrupted bars indicate uncertain fossil records for Pelecanidae and Sulidae.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Documentation defects

A data set containing 101 defects classified according to a taxonomy.