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Fig. 3. Dracunculus jaguape n in A new dracunculus species (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) from Argentina: morphological and molecular characterization

Fig. 3. Dracunculus jaguape n. sp. (a) Anterior extremity of a male showing the oesophagus swelling, deirid and nerve ring. (b) Cephalic extremity, lateral view showing the cephalic papillae. (c) Anterior extremity of a gravid female. (d) Cephalic extremity, lateral view. (e) Detail of dorsal papillae, (f) Larvae with long and tapered tail, removed from the uterus. a: anus, d: deirid, ep: excretory pore, nr: nerv ring, s: glandular oesophagus swelling, o-i: oesophagus-intestine junction, p: papillae.

Fig. 2 in A new dracunculus species (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) from Argentina: morphological and molecular characterization

Fig. 2. Neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) dead and Dracunculus parasites in subcutaneous tissues.

Fig. 2. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 2. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Dorsolateral view of copulatory bursa: 1 — dorsal ray, 2 — exterodorsal ray, 3 — postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays, 4 — antero-lateral ray, 5 — ventral rays. b) Two symmetrical parts of copulatory bursa: 1 — dorsal ray, 2 — exterodorsal ray, 3 — postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays, 4 — anterolateral ray, 5 — ventral rays. (original pictures).

Fig. 1. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 1. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Ventral view: 1 — spicules, 2 —gubernaculum, 3 — copulatory bursa. b) Dorsal view: 1 — lateral alae, 2 — telamon. (original pictures).

Fig. 5. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 5. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Parts of gubernaculum: 1 — capitulum, 2 — proximal parts of corpus, 3 — distal parts of corpus, 4 — crura. b) Crura of gubernaculum. (original pictures).

Fig. 1 in A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 1. Line drawings of Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (A) Female, whole body, ventral view. (B) Female, cephalic extremity, apical view (C) Posterior end of female, lateral view. (D) Male, whole body, lateral view. (E) Anterior extremity of body, ventrolateral view. (F) Details of spicules and gubernaculum. (G) Male, posterior end, ventral view.

Fig. 2 in A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (A) Cephalic extremity, apical view (amphidial pores, arrowheads). (B) Anterior extremity of body, lateral view, lines indicate deirid and excretory pore. (C) Posterior extremity of female, ventrolateral view, lines indicate vulva and anus. (D) Posterior extremity of male, ventrolateral, distribution of caudal papillae (arrows) and phasmids (arrowheads). Abbreviations: anus, An; deirid, De; excretory pore, Ep; vulva, Vu; single large submedian spine, a; submedian pointed spines, b. Inset: Cephalic end details, ventrolateral view (Scale-bar: 5 μm), Detail of excretory pore (Scale-bar: 5 μm).

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Fig. 3 in Opening a can of lungworms: Molecular characterization of Dictyocaulus (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) infecting North American bison (Bison bison)

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood analysis of cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (cox1) sequence data of Dictyocaulus spp. Analysis was run with TN93 + G as best nucleotide substitution model and 1,000 bootstraps. Angiostrongylus vasorum = outgroup.

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Fig. 1 in Opening a can of lungworms: Molecular characterization of Dictyocaulus (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) infecting North American bison (Bison bison)

Fig. 1. Sites of bison fecal collections; WHH: White Horse Hill National Game Preserve; RMA: Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge; NBR: National Bison Range; NSM: Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge; WMW: Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge.

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Fig. 2 in Opening a can of lungworms: Molecular characterization of Dictyocaulus (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) infecting North American bison (Bison bison)

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood analysis of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence data of Dictyocaulus spp. Analysis was run with T92 as best nucleotide substitution model and 1,000 bootstraps. Angiostrongylus vasorum = outgroup.

Fig. 2 in Genetic characterisation of Echinocephalus spp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from marine hosts in Australia

Fig. 2. Genetic relationship based on Bayesian Inference analysis of the small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (SSU) sequences of Echinocephalus spp. collected form sea snake, stingray and octopus in Australia determined in this study (bold). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability for BI analysis followed by bootstrap values for NJ analysis on this tree. Gnathostoma lamothei (Bertoni-Ruiz et al., 2011) was used as the outgroup, however the GenBank entry for this parasite is with its old name, Gnathostoma neoprocyonis Z96947. The scale bar indicates the number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site.

Fig. 1. A in Genetic characterisation of Echinocephalus spp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from marine hosts in Australia

Fig. 1. A, Anterior end of Echinocephalus larva from Octopus djinda (formerly Octopus O. aff. tetricus), showing six rows of hooks on the cephalic inflation; B, Apical view of the spiniform papillae on the larva from O. djinda, showing a posterior row of three papillae; C, Apical view of the spiniform papillae on the larva from Codakia paytenorum, showing posterior row of three papillae joined by irregular areas of sclerotization. Scale bars: Fig. 1A and 40 μm; Fig. 1B and C, 10 μm.

Fig. 2 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 2. Larval nematodes identified as Tanqua sp. 2A specimen 674-1 anterior tip (20x); 2B specimen 678-1 showing tooth like projections of pseudolabia (tl) and lateral pseudolabium (lp) (40x); 2C specimen 674-1 posterior trunk (4x) showing annulations (an). and 2D specimen 678-9 tail (20x) respectively showing annulations (an) and anus (as). The circled area in Fig. 2A is indicative of the damage to internal structures which precluded detailed morphological examination.

Fig. 1 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree (of 18S sequences of nematodes) inferred using the Maximum Likelihood Method. The bootstrap values higher than 80 are indicated next to the branches. The new sequences generated from this study are indicated with asterisks.

Fig. 2 in Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudaliidae (Nematoda) and the origin of associations between lungworms and marine mammals

Fig. 2. Bayesian inference analysis (BI) of the phylogenetic relationships between representatives from all six genera of the Pseudaliidae in relation to the Filaroididae using the concatenated sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) DNA regions. Angiostrongylus vasorum (Angiostrongylidae), Metastrongylus salmi (Metastrongylidae), and Crenosoma striatum and Otostrongylus cicumlitus (Crenosomatidae) were used as the outgroups. Nodal support is indicated by BI posterior probabilities; posterior probabilities less than 0.7 are not shown. The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Host key: green, Marine Pseudaliidae; red, Terrestrial Pseudaliidae; blue, Parafilaroides spp.; black, other species of the Metastrongyloidea.

Fig. 4 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 4. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D,E) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. female. A, ovary anterior end; B, uterus and vulvular region; C, caudal region; D, ventral view of vulva and D, lateral view of anus. Abbreviations: a, anus; gz, germinal zone; k, knob-like protrusion; l, larva; o, oocyte; pvs, post-vulvular sac; tt, tail tip and v, vulva.

Fig. 1 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 1. Map showing Southern Africa (A) and the study area (B). S1: below Vaal Dam (26.872364 ◦S, 28.117173 ◦E) and S2: below Vaal Barrage (26.734854 ◦S, 27.634372 ◦E).

Fig. 6 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 6. Spicules of Daubaylia spp. A, D. burnupiae n. sp.; B, D. seistanensis; C, D. potomaca; D, D. dewiti; E, D. elegans; F, D. malayanum; G, D. helicophilus; H, D. olsoni; I, D. pearsoni and J, D. bonaerensis. Abbreviations: m, manubrium; la, lamina. B-J, redrawn from Baylis and Daubney (1922), Chitwood and Chitwood (1934), Schuurmans-Stekhoven (1956), Honer and Jansen (1961), Sullivan and Palmieri (1978), Poinar and Richards (1979), Poinar (1984), Anderson and Bartlett (1993), Camino and Gonzalez (2011), respectively.

Fig. 3 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 3. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D–F) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. anterior end. A, oesophagus male; B, oesophagus female; C, anterior region of corpus female; D, dorsal view of cephalic end female; E, subventral view showing excretory pore; F, apical view cephalic end male, showing papillae on lateral lips (broken line circles), and on the dorso-ventral lips (solid line circles). Abbreviations: a, amphids; co, corpus; ep, excretory pore; gb, glandular basal bulb; i, isthmus; nr, nerve ring and pl, pharyngeal lobes.

Fig. 5 in Integrated characterisation of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. (Nematoda: Daubayliidae) from a freshwater gastropod in South Africa, with comments on the biology of Daubaylia spp.

Fig. 5. Light (A–C) and scanning electron (D,E) micrographs of Daubaylia burnupiae n. sp. male. A, testis anterior end; B, genital armature; C, paired spicules; D, caudal region, subventral view; E, cloacal region, subventral. Abbreviations: c, cloaca; g, gubernaculum; lp, latero-ventral papilla; mp, median papilla; r, reflexed part of testis; s, spicules; st, spicule tip and tt, tail tip.