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opennotspecifiedJan 2001View details →

FIG. 1 in Thrips (Thysanoptera) pollination in Australian subtropical rainforests, with particular reference to pollination of Wilkiea huegeliana (Monimiaceae)

FIG. 1. Location of Study Sites. Rainforest subformation/class de®nition incorporates structural±physiognomic classi®cation of Webb (1978). Approximate size of smaller remnants is given in brackets, remainder of sites are contiguous with larger areas of native vegetation. Sites A±I represent main pollination study sites of Williams (1995).`* ' denotes sites visited to assess thrips±Wilkiea huegeliana association.

opennotspecifiedJan 2001View details →

FIG. 2 in Thrips (Thysanoptera) pollination in Australian subtropical rainforests, with particular reference to pollination of Wilkiea huegeliana (Monimiaceae)

FIG. 2. Wilkiea huegeliana (Monimiaceae) ¯owers; apical ¯ower female subtended by two male ¯owers, two large ¯owers lower in inōrescence are female.

FIGURE 4 in New records and distribution modeling of Gryne orensis (Sørensen) (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) support the Mesopotamian-Yungas disjunction in subtropical Argentina

FIGURE 4. Overlay of two binary MAXENT models, one built with the default dataset (45 points, AUC: 0.975), the second with record at Caimancito (a) deleted (44 points, AUC: 0.977); shared areas by the two models (overlap) are displayed in light red; areas lost with the smallest dataset are shown in dark red. Blue dots: training records, yellow dots in province of Chaco: tentative records at El Impenetrable (not used in this model).

FIGURE 3 in New records and distribution modeling of Gryne orensis (Sørensen) (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) support the Mesopotamian-Yungas disjunction in subtropical Argentina

FIGURE 3. Binary distribution models built with BIOCLIM (A) and MAXENT (B), showing the region around the Semiarid Chaco. Maps are overlaid to display changes of the default model (intense red) when points at El Impenetrable are added in the dataset (one at a time): light red, area added with Villa Río Bermejito (1); orange, area added with Las Hacheras (2); yellow, area added with Fuerte Esperanza (3). White dots: localities of the default dataset; blue dots: tentative records at El Impenetrable (numbers as referred to above). Crosses in 3A: localities sampled in the dry Chaco that yielded negative results for Mesopotamian harvestmen.

FIGURE 2 in New records and distribution modeling of Gryne orensis (Sørensen) (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) support the Mesopotamian-Yungas disjunction in subtropical Argentina

FIGURE 2. Potential distribution model of Gryne orensis: median values of the 20-replicates run with MAXENT (default dataset, random test percentage 20%); thresholds displayed are the average of the 20 replicates (average training AUC 0.9762). In the random selection of training points, Caimancito was used in 17/20 runs, Carandazinho in 14/20 runs. Suitability levels: green: 0.15–0.36; yellow: 0.36–0.58; orange: 0.58–0.72; red: above 0.72. Grey: areas below the default threshold (equal training sensitivity plus specificity); darker grey: suitability above 0.112 (maximum training sensitivity plus specificity); medium grey: above 0.0801 (minimum training presence). Blue dots: training records; red dots in province of Chaco: tentative records at El Impenetrable (not used in this model).

FIGURE 1 in New records and distribution modeling of Gryne orensis (Sørensen) (Opiliones: Cosmetidae) support the Mesopotamian-Yungas disjunction in subtropical Argentina

FIGURE 1. Locality records (red dots) and predicted distribution of Gryne orensis built with the default dataset (n=45). Map displays the overlay of models obtained with BIOCLIM (green; true-false, full extension) and MAXENT (light blue; single run, binary), overlapping areas in dark blue. White outline: Humid Chaco and Paraná flooded savanna; grey outline: Pantanal (ecoregions according to Olson et al. 2001). Selected localities: a. Caimancito, b. Carandazinho, c. Posadas, d. Vuelta de Obligado, e. Villa Constitución-Villa del Medio-San Nicolás, f. Santa Fe (2 points)-Madrejón Don Felipe, g. Riacho de Oro (type locality), h. El Colorado, i. Pirané. Yellow dots in province of Chaco indicate the three tentative localities for El Impenetrable: Villa Río Bermejito (1), Las Hacheras (2) and Fuerte Esperanza (3).

FIGURES 58–64 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 58–64. Eunotia parabidens from Patos Lake sediment samples, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 58–63. LM. 64. SEM, external view of valve. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 45–50 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 45–50. LM micrographs of Eunotia neomundana from Patos Lake sediment, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 51–57 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 51–57. Eunotia papilio from Patos Lake sediment samples, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 51–56. LM. 57. SEM, external view of valve. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 37–44 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 37–44. Eunotia monodon from Patos Lake and Garças Lake sediment samples, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 37–43. LM. 44. SEM, external view of valve. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 20–29 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 20–29. Eunotia deformis from Patos Lake and Garças Lake sediment samples, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 20–28. LM. 29. SEM, external view of valve. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 12–19 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 12–19. Eunotia deficiens from Patos Lake and Garças Lake sediment samples, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 12–18. LM. 19. SEM, external view of valve. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 9–11 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 9–11. SEM images of Eunotia nupeliana sp. nov. from type material, Patos Lake sediment, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. External views of valves. Type population (Nupélia UEM! 18099). Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 2–8 in Eunotia Ehrenberg (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta) in a subtropical floodplain: a new species and taxonomic contributions

FIGURES 2–8. LM images of Eunotia nupeliana sp. nov. from type material, Patos Lake sediment, Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. 2. Holotype specimen 3–8. Type population (Nupélia UEM! 18099). Scale bars = 10 μm.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Seasonal variation in community composition and distributional ranges of birds along a subtropical elevation gradient in China

Aim Seasonal variation in community composition and species distributional ranges along elevational gradients remain poorly known but are essential to inform conservation. In this study, we aim to understand how species richness, community composition, and elevational ranges of montane birds change between the breeding and the non-breeding season. Location The east slope of the southern Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, southwestern China, elevational range: 700 - 3400 m a.s.l.; latitudinal range: 24°56´- 26°09´ N. Methods We compared bird species richness and community composition in nine 300-m elevational bands in the breeding (April - May) and non-breeding (December - January) seasons. We also calculated seasonal elevational shifts of 97 species with sufficient data recorded in both seasons and assessed how species' traits influenced these shifts. Results Species richness declined in high and low elevations between the breeding and non-breeding season. The temporal beta diversity shift from the breeding to the non-breeding season was mainly caused by species losses rather than species gains in high- and low- elevation communities. Communities in middle elevations showed a contrasting pattern, with seasonal composition change resulting mainly from species gains. We also found that species' seasonal distribution shifts were mainly associated with breeding elevation and diet. Notably, high- and middle-elevation breeders and insectivores significantly shifted their elevational ranges downslope in the non-breeding season. In addition, species that participate in mixed-species flocks and that rely on forests also showed significant downslope shifts in the non-breeding season. Main Conclusions These results show complex patterns of the interconnectedness of bird communities along the elevational gradient. Keeping forests at middle elevations intact appears especially important as they are used in winter by species that breed at both high and middle elevations. Furthermore, our results suggested conservation actions maintaining connectedness in low and middle elevations are urgently needed to conserve regional biodiversity and highlight the importance of seasonality in montane ecosystem research.

FIGURE 3 in Distinctive morphological characteristics of Fucus guiryi (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Canary Islands, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 3. Sections of branches of Fucus guiryi. A. Transverse section of branch at the level of the first dichotomy. Scale bar = 100 µm. B. Meristoderm and cortex. Scale bar = 20 µm. C. Medulla. Scale bar = 20 µm. Arrowhead shows abundant mucilage. Stained as above. Photos by M.A. Ruiz-Medina.

FIGURE 6 in Distinctive morphological characteristics of Fucus guiryi (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Canary Islands, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 6. Transverse sections of receptacles of Fucus guiryi. A, B. Initial stages of conceptacle development. Scale bar = 20 µm. C–F. Mature conceptacles. Scale bar = 40 µm (asterisk = oogonia; arrow = antheridia; p = paraphysis; arrowhead = abundant mucilage). G, H. Oogonium with two visible oospheres and two antheridia with multiple antherozoids inside, respectively. Scale bar = 20 µm. I. Transverse section of sterile edge of receptacle. Scale bar = 40 µm. Stained as above. Photos by M.A. Ruiz-Medina.

FIGURE 5 in Distinctive morphological characteristics of Fucus guiryi (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Canary Islands, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 5. Sections of branches of Fucus guiryi. A. Transverse section of branch at the level of the third dichotomy. Scale bar = 200 µm. B, C. Cortex and medulla in the marginal area of the branch, respectively. D. Cryptostomata. E. Intermediate zone between the margin and the central nerve. F, G. Medulla and cortex of central area, respectively. Scale bar = 20 µm. Arrowhead shows abundant mucilage. Stained as above. Photos by M.A. Ruiz-Medina.

FIGURE 2 in Distinctive morphological characteristics of Fucus guiryi (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Canary Islands, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 2. Transverse sections of basal stipe of Fucus guiryi. A. Basal stipe with central nerve (right of red line) and an adventitious branch (left of red line). Scale bar = 100 µm. B. Transversal section of the apex of the adventitious branch. C. Transition zone between the nerve of the basal branch and the adventitious branch. D, E. Central zone of the medulla and the cortical zone of the basal branch. Scale bar = 20 µm. Arrowhead shows abundant mucilage. Stained using alcian blue and nuclear red. Photos by M.A. Ruiz-Medina.

FIGURE 1. A. A in Distinctive morphological characteristics of Fucus guiryi (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) from Canary Islands, subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 1. A. A scheme of morphological examination of Fucus guiryi. Red lines represent the cutting zone and red circles indicate the adventitious branches. B. Juvenile branches. C. Senescent branch. b = basal branch; a = adventitious branch; d1–d3 = dichotomy 1–3, respectively. Scale bar = 1 cm. Photos by M.A. Ruiz-Medina.