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FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule (50%) consensus tree of Knudsen et al. (2007, after fig. 3), derived from a Bayesian analysis of three combined datasets composed of mitochondrial DNA (16S and cytochrome b) and morphological data for 24 liparid species. Tree is rooted with species of the Cyclopteridae. Posterior probabilities are above branches.

FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 5. Consensus phylogenetic tree of Duhamel et al. (2010, after fig. 3), derived from Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses of a 668 bp alignment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (COI) sequences for 157 samples of 46 liparid species. Bayesian posterior probabilities are above branches that lead to multiple species. Tree is rooted with species of the Cyclopteridae and Zoarcidae. Corrected identifications based on our study are in parentheses.

FIGURE 8 in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 8. Phylogeny of the Liparidae. Majority rule (50%) consensus tree from the Bayesian inference of a 490 bp alignment of 270 cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) sequences. Nodal values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap values from the maximum likelihood analysis (above and below, respectively). Species names are followed by a catalog number or BOLD "Sequence ID" number when represented by a sequence from a single specimen in our dataset. N indicates number of sequences, when multiple sequences support a branch tip. Only unique sequences were subjected to the analyses (Appendix Table 1); other identical sequences surveyed are listed in Appendix Table 2. Clades Liparis, Aenigmoliparia, and Paraliparia are depicted in Figures 9, 10, and 11, respectively.

FIGURE 13 H–O in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 13 H–O. Pectoral girdles of selected species of the Cyclopteridae and Liparidae: H) Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis, UW 156749; I) Acantholiparis opercularis, UW 118624; J) Careproctus sp. cf. melanurus, UW 119240; K) Paraliparis dactylosus, UW 116232; L) Rhinoliparis attenuatus, UW 113736; M) P. cephalus, UW 117527; N) Paraliparis pectoralis, UW 117515; O) P. ulochir, UW 150802.

FIGURE 13 A–G in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 13 A–G. Pectoral girdles of selected species of the Cyclopteridae and Liparidae: A) Eumicrotremus orbis, UW 111284; B) Nectoliparis pelagicus, UW 119455; C) Liparis gibbus, UW 119092; D) Crystallichthys cyclospilus, UW 47840; E) Careproctus macrodiscus, FAKU 137835; F) Careproctus marginatus, FAKU 144616; G) Careproctus roseofuscus, FAKU 144615

FIGURE 11 in Molecular phylogenetics of snailfishes (Cottoidei: Liparidae) based on MtDNA and RADseq genomic analyses, with comments on selected morphological characters

FIGURE 11. Phylogeny of the liparid clade Paraliparia from the majority rule (50%) consensus tree from the Bayesian inference of a 490 bp alignment of 270 cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene (COI) sequences. Nodal values represent Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap values from the maximum likelihood analysis (above and below, respectively). Species names are followed by a catalog number or BOLD "Sequence ID" number when represented by a sequence from a single specimen in our dataset. N indicates number of sequences, when multiple sequences support a branch tip. Only unique sequences were subjected to the analyses (Appendix Table 1); other identical sequences surveyed are listed in Appendix Table 2.

Fig. 5 Scanning electron micrographs. a Uropod I in Adrift across tectonic plates: molecular phylogenetics supports the ancient Laurasian origin of old limnic crangonyctid amphipods

Fig. 5 Scanning electron micrographs. a Uropod I of Synurella derzhavini, male, Saratov (Russia). b Telson of Bactrurus mucronatus, male, Indiana (United States of America). Arrows indicate greatly enlarged appendages

Fig. 4 a Relationship between species age and latitude. b in Adrift across tectonic plates: molecular phylogenetics supports the ancient Laurasian origin of old limnic crangonyctid amphipods

Fig. 4 a Relationship between species age and latitude. b Box-plots indicating the age variation among eyeless, vestigial eyed, and eyed species in Crangonyctidae, Pseudocrangonyctidae, and Crymostygidae

Fig. 1 in Adrift across tectonic plates: molecular phylogenetics supports the ancient Laurasian origin of old limnic crangonyctid amphipods

Fig. 1 Distribution of Crangonyctidae, Pseudocrangonyctidae, and Crymostygidae taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses. The inset shows a summary of the phylogenetic relationships presented in Fig. 2. The main

Fig. 3 in Adrift across tectonic plates: molecular phylogenetics supports the ancient Laurasian origin of old limnic crangonyctid amphipods

Fig. 3 Evolutionary timescale and historical biogeography of Crangonyctidae, Pseudocrangonyctidae, and Crymostygidae. The tree was time-calibrated using fossils and includes the COI third codon position. Clade support (PP) is shown by colored circles (black ≥ 95%, gray = 90– 94% and white = 80–89%; not shown if <80%), and blue bars indicate the 95% HPD interval of clade age (not shown if PP <80%). The distribution ranges of present-day taxa are shown at the tips of the tree with colored boxes and letters that correspond to the map on the middle left. Likewise, the putative ranges of ancestors are shown with lettered boxes at relevant

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Fig. 10 Phylogenetic relationships among 14 in Uncovering the hidden diversity of the Neotropical butterfly genus Yphthimoides Forster (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): description of three new species based on morphological and molecular data

Fig. 10 Phylogenetic relationships among 14 species of Yphthimoides based on DNA sequences of CoxI and obtained by a maximum likelihood analysis. Numbers below branches are bootstrap support

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Fig. 4 in Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s.l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology

Fig. 4 NeighborNet network based on the concatenated data set (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S, H3). Bootstrap values are indicated

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Fig. 3 in Contribution to the molecular phylogenetic analysis of extant holocephalan fishes (Holocephali, Chimaeriformes)

Fig. 3 Relaxed molecular clock estimates for ages of extant holocephalans; Bayesian inference of phylogeny (using BEAST 1.4.8) with three partitions corresponding to three mitochondrial DNA fragments, 10,000,000 generations, relaxed lognormal clock, tree prior 0 yule process (speciation); horizontal bars indicate credible intervals (95%)

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Fig. 2 in Contribution to the molecular phylogenetic analysis of extant holocephalan fishes (Holocephali, Chimaeriformes)

Fig. 2 Molecular phylogeny of the Chimaeriformes; Bayesian inference of phylogeny based on 1,793-bp concatenated sequences of three mitochondrial genes (cytb, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) MCMC 7,500,000 generations; node support given for Bayesian rRNA by gene and codon 1-3/ raxML bootstrap/MP bootstrap. (Two stars 0 maximum support all (1.00/100%); one star 0 strong support (BI 01.00/ raxML and MP ≥ 95%). Treebase acc. no.: http://purl.org/ phylo/treebase/phylows/study/ TB2:S12051

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Fig. 6 a–g in Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics

Fig. 6 a–g Mitotic metaphase chromosomes. of a Deschampsia cespitosa (2n = 26). b Festuca gigantea 2n = 42. c Hainardia cylindrica 2n = 26. d Phleum phleoides (2n =14+ 2B). e Vulpia bromoides (2n = 14). f Koeleria cristata (2n = 56). g Colpodium versicolor (2n = 4)

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Fig. 4 a–h in Polyphyly of the grass tribe Hainardieae (Poaceae: Pooideae): identification of its different lineages based on molecular phylogenetics, including morphological and cytogenetic characteristics

Fig. 4 a–h Spikelet details. Palea of a Hainardia cylindrica and b Parapholis incurva with glabrous keels (nerves). c, d florets of Narduroides salzmannii with glabrous callus of the lemmas and long rachilla internodes. e, f Agropyropsis lolium with glabrous callus of the lemma (e) and ciliolate keels of the palea (f). g, h Scribneria bolanderi with lemma awned from a sinus of the lemma tip (g) and hairy callus (h). The margin of the lemma is marked at one side in a, b, and f with arrows. Material used: a fruits from Göttingen Botanical Garden in 2006, no. 1850 (HAL); b Röser 2517 (HAL); c Hernández s.n. (C); d Rivas-Martínez s.n. (BASBG); e, f Cosson s.n. (JE); g, h Wilken 16163 and Painter (RSA 695253)

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Fig. 3 in The molecular phylogenetic position of Mariplanella piscadera sp. nov. reveals a new major group of rhabdocoel flatworms: Mariplanellida status novus (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela)

Fig. 3 ML bootstrap consensus network of Trepaxonemata* inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA sequences. Consensus network of the RAxML bootstrap analysis based on the trimmed concatenated alignment. Pseudo-replicate counts (~ bs) pertaining to the interrelationships of Mariplanellida status novus, Kalyptorhynchia and Dalytyphloplandia are shown with a threshold value of 10. *Exclusive of Neodermata and Bothrioplanida

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Fig. 1 in The molecular phylogenetic position of Mariplanella piscadera sp. nov. reveals a new major group of rhabdocoel flatworms: Mariplanellida status novus (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela)

Fig. 1 LM images of the live specimen and stylet drawing of Mariplanella piscadera sp. nov. from Curaçao. (a) Full specimen with the pharynx visible as a lighter round outline in the posterior part of the body. (b–c) Detail of the anterior end showing the brain and two types of adenal rhabdite glands (rh1, red overlay; rh2, blue overlay). (d) Detail of the posterior end behind the pharynx show-

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FIGURE 6. T in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 6. T-test results for morphological indicators. (F = females, M = males, N = northern Xinjiang, S = south Xinjiang)