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FIG. 18 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 18. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, caudal vertebrae: A, B, posterior mid-caudal vertebra (To1-88) in right lateral view; C, D, mid-caudal vertebra (To1-288) in left lateral view; E, F, distal caudal vertebra (To1-317) in right lateral view; G, H, distal caudal vertebra (To1-357) in right lateral view. Abbreviations: cf, chevron facet; ns, neural spine; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 32 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 32. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, metatarsals: A-D, left metatarsal I (To1-22); A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, medial view; D, proximal view; E-H, left(?) metatarsal II (To1-265); E, dorsal view; F, ventral view; G, lateral view; H, proximal view; I-L, right metatarsal IV (To1-13); I, dorsal view; J, ventral view; K, medial view; L, proximal view. Abbreviation: bu, bump. Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 22 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 22. — Tazoudasaurus naimi: A-F, K, right ulna (Pt-24); G-J, left radius; A, B, G, anterior views; C, D, I, posterior views; E, F, J, medial views; H, lateral view; K, proximal view. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of the ulna; amp, anteromedial process of the ulna; ol, olecranon area; raf, radial fossa; ras, radial articular surface; uls, ulnar articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm.

FIG. 21 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 21. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left humerus (Pt-1): A, B, anterior view; C, D, lateral view; E, F, posterior view; G, H, proximal view. Abbreviations: cr, crest; dpc, deltopectoral crest; hh, humeral head; rac, radial condyle; ulc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm.

FIG. 26 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 26. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right pubis (To1-103): A, B, anterior view; C, D, posterior view; E, F, lateral view; G, H, medial view; I, J, proximal view. Abbreviations: act, acetabulum; cr, crest; ilpd, iliac peduncle; ispd, ischiac peduncle; of, obturator foramen; sy, symphysis. Scale bars: 10 cm.

FIG. 27 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 27. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, right ischium (To1-378): A, B, medial view. Abbreviations: act, acetabulum; ilpd, iliac peduncle; pupd, pubic peduncle. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 1 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 1. — Location maps of the site of Toundoute where the remains of Tazoudasaurus naimi were found. A, B, geographic location; C, simplified geological map of the High Atlas Mountains (Morocco) showing the main fossil dinosaur tracks localities and taxa involved in the DinoAtlas Project. Abbreviations: a, Tamadout; b, Demnat; c, syncline of Taguelft; d, Bin el Ouidane; e, Aganane Formation; f, Aglagal; 1, Atlasaurus imelakei; 2, Sauropoda indet.; 3, Sauropoda undescribed species; 4, Tazoudasaurus naimi; 5, Theropoda from Wazzant.

FIG. 25 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco

FIG. 25. — Tazoudasaurus naimi, left ilium (To1-373): A, B, lateral view; C, D, ventral view. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; ispd, ischial peduncle; poap, postacetabular process; ppd, pubic peduncle; prap, preacatabular process. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIGURE 2 in A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

FIGURE 2. Majority-rule cladogram of nine most parsimonious trees (length: 2038, CI: 0.2498, RI: 0.5337, RC: 0.1333, HI: 0.7502) from analysis of our new dataset of 40 taxa and 368 osteological characters. All trees show optimization of an Aptornis defossor+Psophia obscura sister group. Synapomorphies are detailed in table 2. Extinct taxa are denoted with daggers. Majority-rule percentages are annotated above branches, followed by bootstrap support values greater than 50% in parentheses. Branch length ranges are below branches.

FIGURE 5 in A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

FIGURE 5. Synapomorphies for the pelvis of Aptornis defossor (AMNH 7300, A) and Psophia obscura (AMNH 2671, B). The pelvises are shown in ventral view. Scale bars are different for each specimen and are shown below each specimen. Labels correspond to synapomorphies, with character numbers followed by character states in parentheses. Abbreviations: cio, crista iliaca obliqua; ili, preacetabular ilium; ish, postacetabular ischium; pil, postacetabular ilium; syn, synsacrum

FIGURE 1 in A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

FIGURE 1. Strict consensus cladogram of nine most parsimonious trees (length: 2038, CI: 0.2498, RI: 0.5337, RC: 0.1333, HI: 0.7502) from analysis of our new morphological dataset of 40 taxa and 368 characters in PAUP*. Results support optimization of an Aptornis defossor + Psophia obscura sister group. Synapomorphies are detailed in table 2. Extinct taxa are denoted with daggers. Bootstrap support values greater than 50% are annotated above branches, with branch length ranges reported below branches.

FIGURE 3. A in A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

FIGURE 3. A. Resulting tree from Bayesian analysis of 32 RAG1 and RAG2 sequences. Clade credibility values greater than 90% are annotated above branches. Core Gruiformes, Ralloidea, and Gruoidea are well supported with 100% clade credibility values. The scale bar at the bottom of the tree denotes branch length. The data were run in MrBayes for 2,000,000 generations.

FIGURE 3 in A new morphological dataset reveals a novel relationship for the adzebills of New Zealand (Aptornis) and provides a foundation for total evidence neoavian phylogenetics

FIGURE 3 (continued). B. Resulting tree from Bayesian analysis of our new dataset of 40 taxa and 368 osteological characters combined with 32 sequences of RAG1 and RAG2 nuclear genes. Clade credibility values greater than 90% are annotated above branches. Extinct taxa are denoted with daggers. The scale bar at the bottom of the tree denotes branch length. The data were run in MrBayes for 1,100,000 generations.

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FIG. 2 in Phylogenetic relationships and generic taxonomy of the tribe Paini (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Dicroglossinae), with diagnoses of two new genera

FIG. 2. — Result of neighbour-joining analysis of phylogenetic analysis of 19 species of the tribe Paini based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes (Jiang et al. 2005). Black bars indicate presence of large sized horny spines: 1, presence of such spines; 2, two separated patches of spines on breast; 3, a single patch of spines covering breast and parts of belly. Grey bars indicate loss of horny spines on breast and belly of adult males.

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FIG. 1 in Phylogenetic relationships and generic taxonomy of the tribe Paini (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Dicroglossinae), with diagnoses of two new genera

FIG. 1. — Strict consensus of 16 trees (107 steps, CI 0.364, RI 0.653) based on 30 species of the tribe Paini and 31 morphological characters obtained by simple stepwise addition, followed by branch swapping using the TBR (trees bisection-reconnection) routine implemented in PAUP 4. Numbers of the stems below the horizontal lines on this tree are those used in Table 2 which presents the results of the heuristic analysis, whereas letters above some horizontal lines (A, B, B1, B2, C, C1, C2, C3) are those of the groups discussed in our taxonomic analysis and which are the basis for our recognition of taxa. Bremer indices were 1 for almost all numbered

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Text-fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocene hyaenodonts (for definitions of character states see Table 2). The data matrix was compiled in MacClade 4.05 and run in PAUP 4.0b10 (Macintosh version). We chose Cimolestes magnus CLEMENS et RUSSELL, 1965, (additional data from Lillegraven 1969), as the outgroup. The unordered and unweighted analysis produced 16 trees. a: Majority-rule consensus. b: Strict consensus. Consistency index (CI): 0.5882; Homoplasy index (HI): 0.4118; Retention index (RI): 0.7742. in New Hyaenodonts (Ferae, Mammalia) From The Early Miocene Of Napak (Uganda), Koru (Kenya) And Grillental (Namibia)

Text-fig. 10. Phylogenetic relationships of Miocene hyaenodonts (for definitions of character states see Table 2). The data matrix was compiled in MacClade 4.05 and run in PAUP 4.0b10 (Macintosh version). We chose Cimolestes magnus CLEMENS et RUSSELL, 1965, (additional data from Lillegraven 1969), as the outgroup. The unordered and unweighted analysis produced 16 trees. a: Majority-rule consensus. b: Strict consensus. Consistency index (CI): 0.5882; Homoplasy index (HI): 0.4118; Retention index (RI): 0.7742.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Harpy Fruit Bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

Fig. 4. Results of parsimony analyses using the cyt-b gene. Single optimal tree of 1916 steps. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Numbers below branches are jackknife frequencies (cutoff value 5 50%).

Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Harpy Fruit Bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

Fig. 3. Results of parsimony analysis using the vWF gene. Strict consensus of two trees of 688 steps. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Numbers below branches are jackknife frequencies (cutoff value 5 50%).

Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Harpy Fruit Bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

Fig. 5. Results of the parsimony analyses combining vWF and cyt-b sequences. Strict consensus of two optimal trees of 2507 steps. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Numbers below branches are jackknife frequencies (cutoff value 5 50%).

Fig. 1. Harpyionycteris whiteheadi FMNH 142766 in Phylogenetic Relationships of the Enigmatic Harpy Fruit Bat, Harpyionycteris (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

Fig. 1. Harpyionycteris whiteheadi FMNH 142766, view of the upper (A) and lower (B) tooth rows. Abbreviations: c, lower canine; C, upper canine; I2, second upper incisor; m1, first lower molar; M1, first upper molar; m2, second lower molar; M2, second upper molar; m3, third lower molar; p1, first lower premolar; P1, first upper premolar; p3, third lower premolar; P3, third upper premolar; p4, fourth lower premolar; P4, fourth upper premolar. Homology of teeth according to Andersen (1912). Scale 5 5 mm.