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FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined. in Morphological and phylogenetic relations of members of the genus Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) from the Ural and Khentii Mountains (Russia, Mongolia)
FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined.
FIGURE 3. Secondary structures for the D1–D1 in New cyanobacterium Aliterella vladivostokensis sp. nov. (Aliterellaceae, Chroococcidiopsidales), isolated from temperate monsoon climate zone (Vladivostok, Russia)
FIGURE 3. Secondary structures for the D1–D1′ helices in the ITS regions for five Aliterella species and putative genus member Synechocystis sp. PCC 7509. Conservative nucleotides are grey colored.The unique marker mutations for the new species A. vladivostokensis are black colored. Arrowheads show compensatory (CBCs) and hemi-compensatory base changes (hCBCs). Homological base pairs among different species are indicated by dotted lines.
Bracing adults with chronic low back pain secondary to severe scoliosis: six months results of a prospective pilot study.
<p>Dataset from the paper: Bracing adults with chronic low back pain secondary to severe scoliosis: six months results of a prospective pilot study. Eur Spine J. 2021 Oct;30(10):2962-2966. doi: 10.1007/s00586-021-06808-1. Epub 2021 Mar 17. PMID: 33733328.</p> <p>Abstract</p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adult scoliosis is sometimes associated with back pain and severe curves can progress over time. Despite scoliosis has been estimated to affect up to 68% of the population over 60, there is scant literature about conservative treatment for adult scoliosis. Recently, we tested a new brace designed to alleviate pain for adult patients with chronic pain secondary to scoliosis. The study aims to test the efficacy of a prefabricated brace in reducing pain in adult scoliosis patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty adults (age 67.8 ± 10.5, curve 61.9 ± 12.6° Cobb) with chronic low back pain (cLBP) secondary to Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS) were included. Patients were evaluated at baseline immediately before starting with the brace and after 6 months. Outcome measures were GRS, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Questionnaire (RM), COMI. The paired t test, ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis RESULTS: At six months, worst pain, leg pain and back pain were significantly improved: from 7.15 to 5.60, from 5.65 to 4.35 and from 6.55 to 5.25 (p < 0.05). Sixty-five percent of patients achieved the minimal clinically important difference of 2 points for worst pain and leg pain, 55% for back pain. RM and COMI improved (p < 0.05), no differences for ODI.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prefabricated brace showed a significant improvement at 6 months of worst, leg and back pain in most patients in a group of adult women with IS and cLBP. The quality of life didn't change in a clinically significant way even if the patients reported satisfaction with the treatment. Trial registration number and date of registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02643290">NCT02643290</a>, December 31, 2015.</p>
Evolution and regulation of microbial secondary metabolism
Microbes have disproportionate impacts on the macroscopic world. This is in part due to their ability to grow to large groups and cooperatively secrete massive amounts of secondary metabolites that impact their environment. Yet, the conditions enabling secondary metabolism without compromising primary needs remain unclear. Here we investigated the biosynthesis of thamnolipids, a secondary metabolite that Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes to decrease the surface tension of surrounding liquid. Using a combination of genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and mathematical modeling we show that biosynthesis of rhamnolipids from glycerol varies inconsistently across the phylogenetic tree; instead, non-producer lineages are also those worse at reducing the oxidative stress of primary glycerol metabolism. The link to oxidative stress explains the inconsistent distribution across the P. aeruginosa tree, adding a new layer to the regulation of rhamnolipids—a microbial secondary metabolite important for fitness in natural and clinical settings.
FIGURE 23. The secondary structures for 22 in Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) IV: New additions of Chinese Furcilarnaca Gorochov, 2004
FIGURE 23. The secondary structures for 22 tRNA genes of the Furcilarnaca mitogenomes. A. Furcilarnaca wufengensis; B. Furcilarnaca armata; C. Furcilarnaca chirurga.
FIGURE 3 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 3 Results of demographic modelling (δaδi; Gutenkunst et al., 2009) and demographic parameter estimation (G-PHOCS; Gronau et al., 2011) analyses. (a) Stylized representation of the best supported model from δaδi with parameters superimposed from G-PHOCS. (b) The fit between the best-supported model and the data is shown using the two-dimensional site frequency spectrum (2D-SFS) and plots of the residuals
FIGURE 2 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 2 Results of the HIEST version 2.0 (Fitzpatrick, 2012) analysis. (a) Joint maximum likelihood estimates of ancestry (S value) and interclass heterozygosity (H value) for Schistometopum thomense (S. thomense) and Schistometopum ephele (S. ephele) for 41 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Individuals are coloured by morphology (yellow, unflecked = yellow; brown, flecked = grey) indicating that most admixed individuals (intermediate S and H values) are flecked. (b) H values plotted against latitude show that admixed individuals are restricted to the centre of the island at the contact zone. Individuals are coloured according to S values (≥0.9 or ≤0.1)
FIGURE 1 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 1 Schistometopum sampling on São Tomé Island. (a) Map shows distribution of genomic samples with the size of circles proportional to the number of individuals at that site. Individuals with at least 90% ancestry assigned to Schistometopum thomense (S. thomense) are shown in purple, 90% ancestry assigned to Schistometopum ephele (S. ephele) in green, and admixed individuals in orange. Site abbreviations are as follows: AA, Anselmo Andrade; BO, Bombaim; BS, Bom Sucesso; CN, Contador Valley North; CS, Contador Valley South; CV, Canavial; JA, Java + Abade; LB, Lemba River; ML, Rio Maria Luisa; ON, Obo National Park; PA, Porto Alegre; QI, Quisinda; RD, Rio d'Ouro; SF, Santa Fe; SL, Santa Luzia. The type locality of S. ephele (Água Izé, 400–700 m) is probably between the coastal community of Água Izé (indicated by black star) and Java. (b) Plot of ancestry coefficients estimated with ADMIXTURE version 1.3.0 (Alexander et al. (2009) for K = 2. Circles above the plot show the haplotype of each individual from the mitochondrial ND4 locus, and morphological assignment (yellow, unflecked = yellow; brown, flecked = grey). (c) ND4 haplotype network for new samples and previously published data (Stoelting et al., 2014) estimated in PopART (Leigh & Bryant, 2015). Twenty-six mutations separate the haplotype groups. (d) Principal component analysis (PCA) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data with individuals coloured according to their ancestry assignment from (b). Photo credits: A. Stanbridge
FIGURE 4 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 4 Summary of environmental space occupancy analyses. (a) Photos of habitat in representative dry (top) and wet (bottom) regions of São Tomé Island. (b) Violin plot of precipitation values at sites for pure and admixed caecilians (top), bar plots of land cover (middle), and bar plots of soil types and ages (bottom). (c) Annual precipitation (mm) across the island, with drier habitat in the north and wetter habitat in the south (top), land cover across the island, adapted from Soares (2017; middle), and soil types and ages across the island, adapted from Caldeira and Munhá (2002) and Stoelting et al. (2014; bottom). Photo credits: J. Shevock, A. Stanbridge
NGS Data from: Improved gRNA secondary structures allow editing of target sites resistant to CRISPR-Cas9 cleavage
<p><span><span>We engineered gRNAs with highly stable hairpins in their constant parts and further enhanced their stability by chemical modifications. The 'Genome-editing Optimized Locked Design' (GOLD)-gRNA increases genome editing efficiency up to around 1000-fold (from 0.08% to 80.5%) with a mean increase across different other targets of 7.4-fold. The related NGS data is deposited </span></span>here.</p>
Stronger Vertical Wind Shear Leads to Earlier Secondary Eyewall Formation
<p>file1(s100_azimuthal_uvrd.d) : S100's u、v wind and reflectivity </p> <p>fie2(s100_chi_vr.d): S100's the irrotational component of the radial velocity</p> <p>file3(s125_azimuthal_saturation_deficit.d): S125's column-integrated saturation deficit </p>
FIGURE 5. Secondary structures for the D1–D1 in Porphyrosiphon annulatus sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanobacteria) isolated on moist soil in Suwon, Republic of Korea
FIGURE 5. Secondary structures for the D1–D1ʹ helix (A–G) and Box-B helix (H–N) in conserved regions of the 16S–23S ITS. (A, H) Microcoleus vaginatus, (B, I) M. autumnalis, (C, J) Kamptonema formosum, (D, K) Anagnostidinema carotinosum, (E, L), A. pseudacutissimum, (F, M) Geitlerinema splendidum, (G, N) Porphyrosiphon annulatus. Species in bold represents our studied organism.
FIGURES 3–7. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGURES 3–7. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 3. Legpairs 3–7, ventral view; cx3, third leg coxa; pf(numeral), prefemora of legs 4-7; t(numeral), greatly inflated tarsi of legs 5, 6. Fig. 4. Bases of legpair 2, ventral view; cx2, coxa of second leg; pf2, prefemur of leg 2; tr2, trochanter of second leg; trp, trochanteral process; vd, opening of vas deferens. Fig. 5. Bases of legpair 3; cf, coxal flask of third leg; cx3, coxa of third leg; s3, sternum of third leg. Fig. 6. Greatly inflated tarsus of left fifth leg, distal view; t5, tarsus of fifth leg. Fig. 7. Greatly inflated tarsus of right sixth leg, lateral view; t6, tarsus of sixth leg.
FIGURES 1 and 2. Amplaria oedipus n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGURES 1 and 2. Amplaria oedipus n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 1. Head and anterior legs, ventral view; lab, labrum; lh, labral hook; ms, mandibular stipes; pf1, prefemur of first leg; pf2, prefemur of second leg; t1, tarsus of first leg. Fig. 2. Rings 26–29 and telson; numerals, ring numbers; c (numerals), crest numbers of right side of ring 26; tel, telson.
FIGURE 36. The secondary structures for 22 in Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) V: Further study on the Chinese Capnogryllacris and comment on the phylogenetic relationships of the Gryllacrididae
FIGURE 36. The secondary structures for 22 tRNA genes of the Capnogryllacris nigromarginata hainanensis ssp. nov..
FIGURE 35. The secondary structures for 22 in Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) V: Further study on the Chinese Capnogryllacris and comment on the phylogenetic relationships of the Gryllacrididae
FIGURE 35. The secondary structures for 22 tRNA genes of the Capnogryllacris nigromarginata rectispina ssp. nov..
FIGURE 34. The secondary structures for 22 in Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) V: Further study on the Chinese Capnogryllacris and comment on the phylogenetic relationships of the Gryllacrididae
FIGURE 34. The secondary structures for 22 tRNA genes of the Capnogryllacris nigromarginata nigromarginata.
FIGURE 32. The secondary structures for 22 in Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) V: Further study on the Chinese Capnogryllacris and comment on the phylogenetic relationships of the Gryllacrididae
FIGURE 32. The secondary structures for 22 tRNA genes of the Capnogryllacris erythrocephala maculatis ssp. nov..
FIGURES 12, 13. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGURES 12, 13. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male holotype. Fig. 12. Right gonopod, lateral view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite; lcc, lateral lobe of colpocoxite. Fig. 13. Right gonopod, mesal view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; fc, flagellocoxite; pcc, posterior lobe of colpocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite. Without scale.
FIGURES 8–11. Amplaria oedipus, n in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. IV. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., with a secondary sexual modification of males unique among millipedes (Diplopoda Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGURES 8–11. Amplaria oedipus, n. sp., male paratype. Fig. 8. Gonopods, posterior view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; cx, gonopod coxa; fc, flagellocoxite; lcc, lateral lobe of colpocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite; pcc, posterior lobe of colpocoxite. The lateral lobe of the colpocoxite has collapsed due to drying for SEM. Fig. 9. Tip of left anterior angiocoxite, mesal view. Fig. 10. Tips of right anterior and posterior angiocoxites, posterior view; aac, anterior angiocoxite; fc, flagellocoxite; pac, posterior angiocoxite. Fig. 11. Left leg 9, anterior view; cp, coxal process; cx9, coxa of leg 9.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.